Kirjahaku

The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh has been extending small loans to poor borrowers (primarily women) to promote self-employment and income generation since 1976. The apparent success of the Grameen Bank (that is, recruitment of clients, investment of loans, recovery rates on invested loans and profit margins) has made microcredit a new model for poverty alleviation and sustainable development. Anthropological research results on Grameen Bank lending to women presented in this book, however, illuminates the link between the success of the bank and debt-cycling of borrowers. The priority of earning profits to insure institutional economic viability caused Bank employees at the grassroots level to emphasize increasing the number of loans disbursed and loan recovery. By using the joint liability model of lending, the Bank workers and borrowing peers impose intense pressure on clients for timely repayment. Many borrowers maintain their regular payment schedules, but do so through a process of loan recycling (that is, pay off previous loans with new ones) that considerably increases borrower debt liability. The debt burdens on individual households in turn increase tension and anxiety among household members and produce unintended consequences for many clients.This book examines women borrowers' involvement with the microcredit program of the Grameen Bank, and the grassroots lending structure of the bank; it illustrates the implications of Grameen lending for the borrowers, their household members and bank workers. The focus of the study is on the processes of village-level microcredit operation; it addresses the realities of the day-to-day lives of women borrowers and bank workers and explains informant strategies for involving themselves in this microcredit scheme. The study is on the power dynamics of everyday lives of informants as they affect women borrowers' relationships within the household and the loan centers, and bank worker relationships within the loan center and the bank.

The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh has been extending small loans to poor borrowers (primarily women) to promote self-employment and income generation since 1976. The apparent success of the Grameen Bank (that is, recruitment of clients, investment of loans, recovery rates on invested loans and profit margins) has made microcredit a new model for poverty alleviation and sustainable development. Anthropological research results on Grameen Bank lending to women presented in this book, however, illuminates the link between the success of the bank and debt-cycling of borrowers. The priority of earning profits to insure institutional economic viability caused Bank employees at the grassroots level to emphasize increasing the number of loans disbursed and loan recovery. By using the joint liability model of lending, the Bank workers and borrowing peers impose intense pressure on clients for timely repayment. Many borrowers maintain their regular payment schedules, but do so through a process of loan recycling (that is, pay off previous loans with new ones) that considerably increases borrower debt liability. The debt burdens on individual households in turn increase tension and anxiety among household members and produce unintended consequences for many clients.This book examines women borrowers' involvement with the microcredit program of the Grameen Bank, and the grassroots lending structure of the bank; it illustrates the implications of Grameen lending for the borrowers, their household members and bank workers. The focus of the study is on the processes of village-level microcredit operation; it addresses the realities of the day-to-day lives of women borrowers and bank workers and explains informant strategies for involving themselves in this microcredit scheme. The study is on the power dynamics of everyday lives of informants as they affect women borrowers' relationships within the household and the loan centers, and bank worker relationships within the loan center and the bank.

L' tude intitul e "Empowerment of women in rural Bangladesh" (autonomisation des femmes dans les zones rurales du Bangladesh) a t men e dans le but principal d'identifier la nature de l'autonomisation des femmes dans la soci t villageoise traditionnelle et frapp e par la pauvret au Bangladesh. Dans la pr sente tude, l'autonomisation signifie le droit de prendre des d cisions dans plusieurs domaines, savoir les activit s d'achat, les visites la maison natale, les soins de sant , la grossesse, la participation l'arbitrage du village, la prise de d cision l'int rieur et l'ext rieur de la famille, etc. Il a galement t mesur sur la base de l' ducation, du cr dit, du revenu mensuel, de la propri t fonci re, etc. Cette tude aide les lecteurs comprendre quels sont les obstacles qui emp chent les femmes de choisir leur propre vie. En tant que soci t rurale traditionnelle bas e sur l'agriculture, comment les femmes se battent dans leur vie quotidienne. L'autonomisation est parfois consid r e comme un mot la mode plut t que comme une r alit dans le contexte du patriarcat. la lumi re de la pr sente analyse, il est recommand que le processus observ ait des implications importantes la fois pour la th orie et la politique. Il aidera galement les d cideurs politiques et les administrateurs de programmes r ajuster la strat gie du programme et les proc dures de mise en oeuvre pour l'autonomisation des femmes dans une soci t traditionnelle comme l'Asie du Sud

Lo studio intitolato "Empowerment of women in rural Bangladesh" stato condotto con l'obiettivo principale di identificare la natura dell'empowerment femminile nella societ tradizionale e povera dei villaggi del Bangladesh. Nella presente ricerca, per empowerment si intende il diritto di prendere decisioni in diversi aspetti, quali le attivit di acquisto, la visita alla casa natale, l'assistenza sanitaria, la gravidanza, la partecipazione all'arbitrato di villaggio, il processo decisionale all'interno e all'esterno della famiglia, ecc. stato misurato anche sulla base dell'istruzione, del credito, del reddito mensile, del possesso di propriet terriere, ecc. Questo studio aiuta i lettori a capire quali sono le barriere che si oppongono alle scelte di vita delle donne. Essendo una societ rurale tradizionale e basata sull'agricoltura, come le donne combattono nella loro vita quotidiana. L'empowerment, a volte, considerato una parola d'ordine piuttosto che la realt alla luce del patriarcato. Alla luce della presente analisi, si raccomanda che il processo osservato abbia importanti implicazioni sia per la teoria che per la politica. Aiuter inoltre i responsabili delle politiche e gli amministratori dei programmi a riadattare la strategia e le procedure di attuazione dei programmi per l'emancipazione delle donne in una societ tradizionale come quella dell'Asia meridionale.

Die Studie mit dem Titel "Empowerment of women in rural Bangladesh" wurde mit dem Hauptziel durchgef hrt, die Art des Empowerments von Frauen in der traditionellen und von Armut gepr gten Dorfgesellschaft von Bangladesch zu ermitteln. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung bedeutet Empowerment das Recht, Entscheidungen in verschiedenen Bereichen zu treffen, n mlich beim Einkaufen, beim Besuch des Geburtshauses, bei der Gesundheitsversorgung, bei der Schwangerschaft, bei der Teilnahme an der d rflichen Schlichtung, bei der Entscheidungsfindung innerhalb und au erhalb der Familie usw. Es wurde auch auf der Grundlage von Bildung, Krediten, monatlichem Einkommen, Landbesitz usw. gemessen. Diese Studie hilft den Lesern zu verstehen, welche Hindernisse f r die Selbstbestimmung der Frauen bestehen. In einer traditionellen und landwirtschaftlich gepr gten l ndlichen Gesellschaft haben Frauen in ihrem t glichen Leben zu k mpfen. Empowerment wird angesichts des Patriarchats manchmal eher als Schlagwort denn als Realit t angesehen. Die vorliegende Analyse zeigt, dass der beobachtete Prozess wichtige Auswirkungen sowohl auf die Theorie als auch auf die Politik hat. Sie wird auch politischen Entscheidungstr gern und Programmverwaltern helfen, die Programmstrategie und die Umsetzungsverfahren zur St rkung der Frauen in traditionellen Gesellschaften wie S dasien neu zu justieren.

Empowerment of women in rural Bangladesh" (Empoderamento das mulheres nas zonas rurais do Bangladesh), um estudo intitulado foi realizado com o objetivo principal de identificar a natureza do empoderamento das mulheres na sociedade tradicional e pobre das aldeias do Bangladesh. Na presente investiga o, o empoderamento significa o direito de tomar decis es em v rios aspectos, nomeadamente actividades de compra, visitas casa natal, cuidados de sa de, gravidez, participa o na arbitragem da aldeia, tomada de decis es dentro e fora da fam lia, etc. Tamb m foi medido com base na educa o, no cr dito, no rendimento mensal, na propriedade de terrenos, etc. Este estudo ajuda os leitores a compreender quais s o as barreiras encontradas contra a escolha das mulheres sobre a sua pr pria vida. Sendo uma sociedade rural tradicional e baseada na agricultura, as mulheres lutam no seu quotidiano. Por vezes, o empoderamento considerado mais uma palavra da moda do que uma realidade luz do patriarcado. luz da presente an lise, recomenda-se que o processo observado tenha implica es importantes tanto para a teoria como para a pol tica. Tamb m ajudar os decisores pol ticos e os administradores de programas a reajustar a estrat gia do programa e os procedimentos de implementa o para dar poder s mulheres numa sociedade tradicional como a do Sul da sia.