This book serves as a teaching tool for beginning graduate students and new researchers interested in two seemingly divergent themes whereby one theme deals with synchrotron X-ray scattering and laser cross correlation function techniques, while the other theme is concerned mainly with the use of electrospun nanofibers for application to water purification. Together with recent reviews of several hundreds of references on the two themes, the monograph points out how we should adapt our education to new environments in the changing society.