Kirjahaku

Exposure to electrical currents and electromagnetic fields is important in medicine and engineering. This book contains a chapter on developing standards for human exposure to electrical fields and currents.

Human response to short-term electrical exposure can be beneficial, as in the application of electrical stimulation for medical purposes, or pathological, as in unintended electric shock. This book is the first to offer a cohesive treatment of the subject, covering fundamental principles, specific human responses, and electrical safety. The book begins with a description of fundamental bioelectric principles. Subsequent chapters treat human reactions to electrical stimulation according to the nature of the response - sensory reactions, cardiac reactions, muscle reactions, electric and magnetic field exposure, and high-voltage and high-current injuries. The last chapter discusses standards and protective measures in consumer products. The author is a member of the principal professional staff at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. To supplement his own chapters, he has invited specialists to contribute chapters in their fields of expertise: Hermann Antoni, University of Freiburg, on electrical properties of the heart; James Sweeney, University of Arizona, on skeletal muscle responses; Michael Chilbert, Medical College of Wisconsin, on high-voltage and high-current injuries; and Walter Skuggevig, Underwriters Laboratories, on standards and protective measures. Sifting through a vast body of engineering and biomedical literature, Reilly has provided a unique reference that will interest researchers, designers, and regulatory personnel.

Electric currents and electromagnetic fields have been applied to biological systems, particularly humans, with both therapeutic and pathological results. Applied Bioelectricity discusses biological responses to electric currents and electromagnetic fields, including medical applications and shock hazards. The book covers fundamental physical and engineering principles of responses to short-term electrical exposure and emphasizes human reactions, although animal responses to electricity are considered as well. The treatment covers reactions from the just-detectable to the clearly detrimental. An important new chapter discusses standards for human exposure to electromagnetic fields and electric current and demonstrates how these standards have been developed based on the principles treated in earlier chapters. J. Patrick Reilly is a member of the principal staff of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and is President of Metatec Associates.

Electrostimulation is defined as the action of electrical energy on nerve and muscle - the two classes of excitable tissue. This cutting-edge resource offers professionals and researchers broad coverage of the subject, expanding the scope of electrostimulation discussions to include accidental, aversive, and possibly harmful biological effects of electrical energy. The book enables professionals to develop standards for human exposure to electric currents having various waveforms, determine classes of nerve fibers brought to excitation within specified regions of the body due to certain types of exposure, and quantify how harmonic distortions influence the excitability of sinusoidal extrostimulation. This practical reference also offers guidance in using the SENN (Spatially Extended Nonlinear Node) computer model that stimulates the interaction of applied electric energy with myelinated neurons. DVD Included! This title features source code and executable code to help professionals solve real-world problems using the SENN computer model.