Kirjahaku

Cardinal Richelieu (1583-1642) did more than anyone else to lay the foundations of the French hegemony in Europe and of absolute monarchy in his own country. He was a spokesman for power politics, the idea of raison d’état, and the right of rulers to the unquestioning obedience of their subjects. He was, in addition, one of the richest men in the entire history of France. Joseph Bergin’s study of his wealth—the first full-scale analysis of the fortune of a leading political figure of the ancient régime—reveals the multiple connections that existed at that time between the tenure of political office and the accumulation of individual and family wealth.“A brilliant, fascinating, and elegantly written book.”—American Historical Review“Bergin’s study of Richelieu’s fortune achieves the unexpected feat of adding substantially to our knowledge of one of the most important figures in French history, largely through the exploitation of a group of hitherto unused documents…. Well-constructed and elegantly written…. The book’s great virtue is…that it places Richelieu within the social and economic context of his time.”—Robin Briggs, Times Literary Supplement“Here is a vivid and fascinating guide to the financial basis of high society in Louis XIII’s France, and a precise account of how Richelieu gained and maintained his position in government…. A meticulous and scholarly examination of the fortune accumulated by one man, it sheds much light on the more general topic of the nature and means of noble wealth and influence in the early seventeenth century.”—Roger Mettam, History Today

This book presents an eloquent account of the power, character, and mentalité of the French church under Louis XIV and of its relationship to the crown and other elite institutions as well as its critics and congregations. Prominent historian Joseph Bergin investigates the background, recruitment, and management of the episcopate, illuminating the process of trial and error by which the king developed a flexible and effective system for appointing qualified and worthy men as bishops.Bergin shows how bishops were appointed and promoted, how no single set of rules ever obtained, and what the inherent limitations of the system were. With balanced judgment throughout, he relates the evolution of the bishops’ selection process to a range of issues, bolstering the story with well-chosen examples and many details of human interest.

The definitive account of the nature of French religious life across the ‘long seventeenth century’ This readable and engaging book by an acclaimed historian is the only wide-ranging synthesis devoted to the French experience of religious change during the period after the wars of religion up to the early Enlightenment. Joseph Bergin provides a clear, up-to-date, and thorough account of the religious history of France in the context of social, institutional, and cultural developments during the so-called long seventeenth century.Bergin argues that the French version of the Catholic Reformation showed a dynamism unrivaled elsewhere in Europe. The traumatic experiences of the wars of religion, the continuing search within France for heresy, and the challenge of Augustinian thought successively energized its attempts at religious change. Bergin highlights the continuing interaction of church and society and shows that while the French experience was clearly allied to its European context, its path was a distinctive one.

Rich in detail and broad in scope, this majestic book is the first to reveal the interaction of politics and religion in France during the crucial years of the long seventeenth century. Joseph Bergin begins with the Wars of Religion, which proved to be longer and more violent in France than elsewhere in Europe and left a legacy of unresolved tensions between church and state with serious repercussions for each. He then draws together a series of unresolved problems—both practical and ideological—that challenged French leaders thereafter, arriving at an original and comprehensive view of the close interrelations between the political and spiritual spheres of the time. The author considers the powerful religious dimension of French royal power even in the seventeenth century, the shift from reluctant toleration of a Protestant minority to increasing aversion, conflicts over the independence of the Catholic church and the power of the pope over secular rulers, and a wealth of other interconnected topics.

Few modern countries can boast of such a lengthy history as France, whose distinctive shape has been a key feature of the successive stages of European history during the past millennium. This engaging narrative seamlessly weaves together the complex tale of French history since the year 1000. Bringing together political, religious, social and cultural developments, A History of France provides an insightful and readable overview of the country's history as it moved from a dominant position within Europe – with an empire stretching across the continents – to one in which it was invaded and occupied by its largest neighbour. Through revolution, war and peace, Joseph Bergin explores how the Frankland of 1000 CE has mutated into the France we know today.

Once programmers have grasped the basics of object-oriented programming and C++, the most important tool that they have at their disposal is the Standard Template Library (STL). This provides them with a library of re-usable objects and standard data structures. It has recently been accepted by the C++ Standards Committee. This textbook is an introduction to data structures and the STL. It provides a carefully integrated discussion of general data structures and their implementation and use in the STL. In so doing, the author is able to teach readers the important features of abstraction and how to develop applications using the STL.