Kirjahaku

The role of the modern automotive technician has changed drastically in the past decade. The job of today's vehicle specialist involves a deep knowledge of a wide variety of technical disciplines. Few professions encompass such a diverse understanding of technology. The automotive technician is now expected to know about chemistry, electronics, mechanics, optics, as well as posses a deep analytical mind. The last only comes with time and experience.Advanced HYBRID Vehicle Systems(vol 1), Including Toyota & Honda models By Mandy ConcepcionTable of ContentsCHAPTER 1 (Hybrid Basics and Safety Procedures)The Need for Hybrid SystemsHybrid Do's and Dont'sHere are some definite do'sHybrid basics and safety proceduresHybrid power down procedure and deactivationHigh voltage measurement and equipmentHumidity and high-voltageCHAPTER 2 (Hybrid Aerodynamics and Low Friction Tires)Low friction components and non-belt driven coolant pump, and air conditioning compressorThe AC systemEPS system, or electric power steeringReplacement of the actual electric motorPerforming a zero rest procedureCHAPTER 3 (Advanced Electronics for Hybrids)The dangers of amperage and High Current CircuitsCurrent measurements using an electromagnetic probe (clamp on)Voltage measurement on hybrid vehicles (advanced concepts)Measure the high voltage circuit at the orange cables after a power down procedureThe Dropping ResistorsCHAPTER 4 (Basic Electric Motor and Power Generation)Principle of InductionElectric Motors and Electric Alternating CurrentThe DC Electric MotorThe AC Electric MotorImportant facts about electric hybrid motor generator unitsTypical hybrid motor generatorDangers of Inverter Internal CapacitorsMotor Commutation PlatesHybrid Motor Position SensorMotor control techniquesDifference between a hybrid vehicle electrical motor and a regular AC motorThe TRIAC and IGBT (Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistor)Hybrid Regenerative BreakingCHAPTER 5 (AC and DC Power Units of Measurements)Frequency measurementsPhase MeasurementVoltage MeasurementsUsing a Clamp-On AMP ProbeThe 3 Phases of a HYBRID Motor (U, V, W)The Inverter Unit on the PriusDC Brushless MotorsCHAPTER 6 (basic battery technology)The nickel metal hydride batteryThe lithium ion batteryToyota Prius high Voltage batteryUltra-CapacitorsV R L A or variable regulation lead acid battery CHAPTER 7 (The 6 Hybrid Modes of Operation)HYBRID Computer System ControlLight Acceleration ModeRegenerative Breaking ModeDeceleration ModeNormal Driving ModeSTOP ModeM1's Biggest Contribution to the HYBRID UnitCHAPTER 8 (Parallel and Series Hybrid Systems)Series hybrid systemSeries, parallel, and series/parallel hybridInverter Power ManagementParallel hybrid systemParallel/Series hybrid systemToyota motor Co. and AISINCHAPTER 9 (The Prius CVT or continuously variable transmission)THS or hybrid synergy DriveTransmission Planetary GearsKey point to understanding the way this transmission worksHONDA CVT TransmissionHonda's Cylinder DeactivationHonda's Electric BalancingCHAPTER 10 (Toyota specific hybrid system)Specific concepts on the Toyota hybridProblems with the Coolant PumpGas Tank Rubber BladderCar Off AC SystemThe Scanner and the HYBRID SystemHigh Voltage BatteryMG1 and MG2 Power OutputThe Toyota auxiliary 12 V batteryHow to Jump Start a HYBRIDA Word About Toyota's Keyless EntryDangers of Electric Mode DrivingCHAPTER 11 (Honda specific hybrid system)The Honda hybrid system is vastly different than that of ToyotaHONDA Hybrid is a Simple DesignIMA or integrated motor assistThe Motor Generator UnitThe 12 volt StarterHonda Electronic BalancingThe 1.3L EngineSoft iridium spark plugsHonda Civic Complete Cylinder Deactivation

With the ever increasing electronic content in today's vehicles, the need to be able to read automotive wiring diagrams is as important as knowing how to use the different equipments needed to perform diagnostic work. Reading wiring diagrams requires a bit of knowledge of electricity and experience. By knowing the laws and rules that govern electron flow, you can become very proficient at this endeavor. Feel free to play the DVD accompanying this book and referring back to so that you can absorb all the information. Good luck and enjoy. About the Author Mandy Concepcion has worked in the automotive field for over 32 years. He holds a Bacgelor's Degree in Applied Electronics Engineering as well as an ASE Master & L1 certification. For the past 23 years he has been exclusively involved in the diagnosis of all the different electronic systems found in today's vehicles. It is here where he draws extensive practical knowledge from his experience and hopes to convey it in his books. Mandy also designs and builds his own diagnostic equipment, DVD-Videos and repair software. AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONIC DIAGNOSTICS (Course 1)(Including How to Read Automotive Wiring Diagrams)Copyright 2006, 2021 Table of Contents Introduction- Electron theory and atoms- Atoms and electrons- Like forces repel and unlike forces attract.- Electron Theory and Metals- What is current?- What is resistance?- Resistance in series and parallel- Resistance and Power- What is voltage?- Introduction to transistors?- What are transformers?- Current Flow Analysis- Switches and Relays

With the ever increasing electronic content in today's vehicles, the need to be able to read automotive wiring diagrams is as important as knowing how to use the different equipments needed to perform diagnostic work. Reading wiring diagrams requires a bit of knowledge of electricity and experience. By knowing the laws and rules that govern electron flow, you can become very proficient at this endeavor. Feel free to play the DVD that compliments this book and referring back to it so that you can absorb all the information. Good luck and enjoy. About the Author Mandy Concepcion has worked in the automotive field for over 32 years. He holds a Degree in Applied Electronics Engineering as well as an ASE Master & L1 certification. For the past 22 years he has been exclusively involved in the diagnosis of all the different electronic systems found in today's vehicles. It is here where he draws extensive practical knowledge from his experience and hopes to convey it in his books. Mandy also designs and builds his own diagnostic equipment, DVD-Videos and repair software. Table of Content How Fuel Injectors Work Inside a fuel injector Amount of fuel supplied to the engine PEAK-and-HOLD Injector Electronic Modules and Controllers CAN and LIN Network Systems Basics Modules that Control Entire Systems Difference between current path and data path The oscilloscope or GMM (Graphing Multi Meter) Section 2 Unified Diagnostic Strategy Power Window Circuit Power Door Locks Cooling Fan Circuit Horn Circuits Cruise Control Systems Cooling Fan Circuit

OBD 2 Repair Strategies(Including State Smog Inspections) In the early part of the 21st century, we find our lives intertwined with a maze of technological wonders. From cell-phones to personal computers, no human being today can escape it. Automobiles are no exception to this rule. With the ever changing emission laws of today, the one constant in the automotive industry is that things always change and will continue to do so. OBD II was designed from the beginning to do so as well. Late model vehicle systems are much more demanding, in both the amount of technology they posses and in the knowledge necessary to repair them. This work was designed to just that, a step-by step diagnostic approach to OBD II systems. It is also written with the State Inspections in mind. This is in direct response to the increasing adoption of OBD II inspections by most States throughout the country. OBD II repairs don't have to be difficult or cumbersome and knowledge is the key to successful OBD II diagnostics and repair. About the Author Mandy Concepcion has worked in the automotive field for over 32 years. He holds a Bachelor's Degree in Electronics Engineering as well as an ASE Master & L1 certification. For the past 16 years he has been exclusively involved in the diagnosis of all the different electronic systems found in today's vehicles. It is here where he draws extensive practical knowledge from his experience and hopes to convey it in his books. Mandy also designs and builds his own diagnostic equipment, DVD-Videos and repair software. Edition 4.0, Table of Contents, Copyright 2004, 2011, All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 - Basics of OBD II- What is OBD II?- Why do we need it? The Federal Test Procedure (FTP)- Technical aspects of OBD II. (FF, Monitors, Pending & Current Codes, The Drive Cycle, Re-setting Monitors, etc)- The data link connector- Diagnostic Trouble Code implementation- Resetting Monitors- What are Freeze Frames and how are they useful in diagnostics- A word about misfires- Do I need an OEM scanner or can I get by with an aftermarket scan tool?- Generic vs. Enhanced. What's the difference? why do you need to pull-out both codes?- The vehicle failed OBD II-State Inspection, but is passing a 5 gas emissions test. Why is it?- Resetting fuel trims. It's not the same procedure for every system- The Diagnostic Executive or Task Manager. What is it?- Bi-Directional control capabilities are revolutionizing the diagnostic process- Diagnosing EVAP leaks. It doesn't have to be complicated Section 2 - Base-lining the system includes retrieving FF, codes, & monitor status- Freeze Frames information gathering- Monitor status flag- Code Setting Criteria. How and why was the code set?- Freeze Frame and Code Setting Criteria comparison- Dividing the diagnostic process into systems and using the codes to detect system faults- First rule of diagnostics-Know the system you're working on- System by System outlook- Which Monitors are Incomplete. The need to prove each system without having to run a drive cycle by using the scanner, saving time & money- General Idle PID Snap-Shot Section 3 - INTRODUCTION- OBD-2 Generic PID list- OBD I and OBD II, and general PID analysis- FUEL DELIVERY FAULT DETECTION- TEST # 1- TEST #2- TEST #3- TEST #4- TEST #5- RUNNING THE MONITORS IN YOUR MIND USING THE SCANNER Section 4 - Putting it all together.- Principles of diagnostics- Basic Scope Testing and Bi-Directional Control- No-Start, General Diagnostics- The correct decision making process to a sound repair- Don't assume anything or get caught in a particular mind set- Taking all the facts into account

Automotive Actuators and EVAP TeastingBy Mandy Concepcion This section gives an in depth look at the many actuators and solenoids that make up a modern automotive system. In this book, we'll explore the different actuators' theory of operation, as well as practical testing procedures that will make diagnosing them a lot easier. Additionally, the operation of the basic emission components is also covered. Be patient and take your time in absorbing the information. Hopefully this will make for a great bedside reading. Enjoy and broaden your mind. This work has been a labor of love. It is meant to compliment and broaden the working knowledge of the modern automotive technician. No theoretical information is given, except under certain explanatory circumstances and sections. But most of all, this book was done for you, "The Lone Automotive Mechanic or Technician". This work was done for you. I hope you enjoy and learn from it. Remember, no matter what happens, keep building your knowledge and it'll pay-off in the end. Edition 4.0 Section 2- Actuators and EVAP Testing, Copyright 2004, 2021, All rights reserved. Table of Contents Leak detection pump - (LDP Operation, LDP solenoid, reed switch and related vacuum hoses, analysis of the LDP, conditions that affect the LDP, EVAP system leak, ELECTRICAL TESTS, scanner test, solenoid tests, reed tests, MECHANICAL TESTS) * Fuel injector troubleshooting strategy - (Fuel Injector Operation, correct fuel flow and spray pattern, ground controlled, Injector drivers, saturation and the peak-and-hold type driver, ground or positive controlled, injector cut-off routine, injector waveform analysis, high impedance injector, low impedance injectors, conditions that affect injectors, injector testing, current waveform capture, injector ground test, clogged injector tests) * GM (CS series) alternator repair strategy - (CS alternators operation, different types of alternators, principle of induction, series of diodes, Terminals L, P, F and S, conditions that affect operation, chargeoutput wire tests, alternator testing, L-terminal test, ground test, positive test, using the test light and volt-meter) * Idle Air Control (IAC) Troubleshooting - (IAC operation, IAC stepper motor, pre-programmed desired idle speed, IAC scanner count, duty cycle controlled, regular DC motor IAC, NOSE SWITCH or THROTTLE SWITCH, coolant temperature activated IAC, coolant temperature activated type, IAC testing, using the scan tool and IAC actuator to test, PID tests)* EGR System Troubleshooting Strategy - (EGR theory of operation, coolant temperature activated type, exhaust backpressure sensing, EGR temperature sensing, EGR valve lift position sensing, and MAP/O2 sensor feedback sensing, Ford DPFE sensor, Ref. High and Ref. Low Signal, direct method of EGR monitoring, EGR testing, scanner, multi-meter and vacuum testing, EGR boost sensor, electrical wiring/connector/ECM tests) * EVAP System Diagnostics - (EVAP theory of operation, charcoal canister, supporting fuel vapor hoses, and EVAP purge valve, integration with the ECM, FUEL TRIMS, needed to detect a 0.040" fuel leak, solenoid, LDP type and Reed EVAP sensor, LDP EVAP diagnostics system, LDP diaphragm pump, solenoid based EVAP, closing the vent solenoid, EVAP vacuum switch, condition that affect EVAP operation, cracked vapor hoses, defective fuel tank cap, faulty seals and sensors, broken fuel tank, leaky purge valve, EVAP smoke machine, EVAP Nitrogen test)

In this section, we'll cover diagnostic equipment usage. As an automotive activity, diagnosing modern vehicles has become extremely high-tech oriented and difficult. Few professions involve so much from their practitioner. A modern technician has to master a multitude of disciplines, including electronics, optics, mechanics, programming, computer science and many others. Such highly technological activities require a keen analytical mind. But as in any human endeavors, proficiency comes with practice and patience. The techniques presented in this section combined with the necessary hands on practice are designed to sharpen the technician's abilities to perform profitable and fast diagnostics. With patience and practice, any vehicle can be repaired. Enjoy Edition 4.0, Section 3, Equipment Usage & Repair Strategies, Copyright 2004, 2021, All rights reserved. Section 3 Table of Contents* CURRENT RAMPING STRATEGY - (what's current ramping and how it works, oscilloscope (DSO) and a low/ high amperage clamp-on amp probe, magnetic field, fuel pumps, current ramping a fuel pump, determining the fuel pump speed, commutators, FP waveforms, ignition coil current ramping, Coil-On-Plug current ramping, ignition coil waveforms, current ramping an injector, low Amp probe usage, current ramping compression test)* HESITATION LACK OF POWER REPAIR STRATEGY - (strategy and operation, fuel delivery test, spark reserve test, exhaust pressure, ignition and valve timing, guidelines for a multi-channel scope, visual inspection, ECM in control, air-fuel ratio, 5-gas analyzer, HC, CO, CO2, O2 and Nox analysis, fuel flow, fuel volume analysis, ignition waveform)* FUEL FLOW VOLUME GUIDELINES - (Fuel Volume usage for Dometic cars, Fuel Volume usage for Asian cars, Fuel Volume for Continuous injection cars)* IGNITION COIL WAVEFORM INTERPRETATION - (Parade ignition analysis, Super-imposed, Bar-Graphs, Raster ignition analysis, single cylinder)* IGNITION SYSTEM TESTING STRATEGY - (Ignition current waveform interpretation, low resistance or shorted primary ignition, shorted ignition coil, full coil saturation, Ignition testing strategy, ignition waveform interpretation, coil On-Time, Firing line, Dwell, Turn-Off, Spark line, the main 5-types of misfires, triggering device misfire, CRK and CAM, ignition testing procedures, cranking Kilo-Volts, firing line KVs, WOT KVs, Idle baseline, Pre-Loading, Individual spark line, Distributor, DIS and COP) * A/F RATIO (lean/rich) REPAIR STRATEGY - (Fuel trim diagnostic, air-fuel ratios, ECM in control, Pressure and Volume, Spark issues, O2 not switching) * MINIMUM AIR RATE ADJUSTMENT - (why do we need a Min. AR adjustment, ECM strategy, IAC strategy, Adjustment procedure, a stalling engine, idle re-learn procedure, battery reset)* NO FUEL PRESSURE/VOLUME REPAIR STRATEGY - (No pressure volume symptomatic diagnostic, fuel system operation, fuel systems types, returnless fuel system, variable speed fuel pumps, duty-cycle control, steps to diagnose fuel system issues, defective filter, regulator)* NO INJECTION PULSE STRATEGY - (no injection and pulse diagnostics, crank issues, EFI operation, non-sequential and sequential injection, Direct injection, fuel pulse testing, noid light, injector voltage supply, scanner, the switched side, engine speed signal, injector current)* NO START/NO SPARK REPAIR PROCEDURE - (Visuals, secondary, ignition grounds, ignition power, primary side, ignition neon noid)* NO START GENERAL REPAIR PROCEDURE - (procedures that should be used to diagnose a no start, cranks ok condition, spark, pressure, fuel)* NOTES

Sistemas Avanzados de veh culos h bridos(incluyendo modelos Toyota y Honda)Tabla de contenidosCAP TULO 1 (Fundamentos de h bridos y Procedimientos de Seguridad)La necesidad de sistemas h bridosH brido, Que Hacer y Qu No Hacer stos son algunos definidos de qu hacerH brido: fundamentos y los procedimientos de seguridadH brido: procedimiento de apagar y desactivaci nDe alta tensi n y equipos de medidaHumedad y la alta tensi nCAP TULO 2 (Aerodin mica, h bridos y neum ticos de baja fricci n)Componentes de baja friccion, la bomba de refrigerante de Freon, y el compresor deaire acondicionadoEl sistema de aire acondicionadoSistema de EPS, o direcci n asistida el ctricaLa sustituci n del motor el ctricoRealizaci n de un procedimiento de resto-cero (Zero-Rest)CAP TULO 3 (Electr nica Avanzada para los h bridos)Los peligros del amperaje y circuitos de alta corrienteLas mediciones de corriente utilizando una sonda electromagn tica (clamp)Medida de tensi n en los veh culos h bridos (conceptos avanzados)Medir el circuito de alto voltaje en los cables naranja despu s de un procedimientode apagadoLos resistoresCAP TULO 4 (motor de base el ctrica y energ a)Principio de inducci nMotores el ctricos y de corriente alternaEl motor el ctrico de CCEl motor el ctrico de CADatos importantes acerca de las unidades de motor h brido el ctrico/generadorGenerador t pico de motor h bridoPeligros de los condensadores del inversor internoConmutaci n del motorSensor de Posici n del motor h bridoT cnicas de control del motorDiferencia entre un motor h brido el ctrico y un motor de corriente alternaEl TRIAC y IGBT (Transistor Bipolar de Puerta Aislada)Modo H brido RegenerativoCAP TULO 5 (unidades de energ a AC y DC de Medidas)Medidas de frecuenciaFase de Medici nLas mediciones de voltajeEl uso de una sonda clamp-on (AMP-Probe)Las tres fases de un motor h brido (U, V, W)La Unidad del inversor en el PriusMotores CC sin escobillasCAP TULO 6 (tecnolog a de las bater as de base)Bater a de n quel metal hidruroLa bater a de iones de litioToyota Prius, bater a de alto voltajeUltra-condensadoresV I L A o bateria de acido avanzadaCAP TULO 7 (6 modos h bridos de operaci n)Equipo de control del sistema h bridoModo de aceleraci n LentaModo RegenerativoModo de Desaceleraci nModo Normal de conducci nModo STOP (Pare)M1 es la mayor contribuci n a la Unidad de HibridaCAP TULO 8 (paralelo y sistemas h bridos de la serie)Serie sistema h bridoSerie, paralelo y serie / paralelo h bridaInversor de administraci n de energ asistema h brido paraleloParalelo / Serie sistema h bridoToyota Motor Co. y AISINCAP TULO 9 (El Prius CVT o transmisi n continuamente variable)THS o Hybrid Synergy DriveTransmisi n y engranajes planetariosPunto clave para entender la forma en que esta transmisi n operaHONDA, transmisi n CVTDesactivaci n de cilindros de HondaEquilibrio el ctrico de HondaCAP TULO 10 (Toyota-h brido, sistema espec fico)Conceptos espec ficos en el Toyota h bridoProblemas con la bomba de refrigeranteTanque de gasolina de goma con vejigaEl esc ner y el sistema h bridoBater a de alto voltajeMG1 y MG2, Potencia de salidala bater a Toyota auxiliar de 12 VC mo puentear (Jump Start) un HibridoUna palabra sobre la entrada sin llave de ToyotaPeligros del modo de conducci n el ctricaCAP TULO 11 (Honda h brido, sistema espec fico)El sistema h brido de Honda es muy diferente que el de ToyotaHonda H brido es un dise o simpleIMA o Integrated Motor AssistLa Unidad de motor-generadorEl arranque de 12 voltiosEquilibrio Honda electr nicoEl motor de 1.3Liridio, buj as de encendido suaveHonda Civic desactivaci n de cilindros completa

En la primera parte del siglo 21, nosotros encontramos nuestras vidas entrelazadas con un laberinto de maravillas tecnol gicas. De los tel fonos-celulares a las computadoras personales, ning n ser humano puede escapar. Los autom viles no son ninguna excepci n a esta regla.Con las leyes de emisi nes cambiantes de hoy, una constante en la industria automotor es que las cosas siempre cambian y continuar n haci ndolo. OBD II fue dise ado desde el principio para esto. Los sistemas del veh culo de hoy son mucho m s exigentes, en ambos la cantidad de tecnolog a en ellos y en el conocimiento necesario para repararlos. Este libro se dise teniendo en cuenta un plano de diagn stico lento o paso a paso en OBD II. Tambi n es escrito con las Inspecciones Estatales en la mente. Esto es en respuesta directa a la adopci n creciente de OBD II en inspecciones por la mayor a de los Estados a lo largo del pa s. OBD II no tiene que ser dif cil o embarazoso y el conocimiento es la llave al xito en su diagn sticosy reparaci n.Tabla de ContenidoSecci n 1Los elementos esenciales de OBD IIQue es OBD II.. 2 Por qu nosotros lo necesitamos? El Procedimiento de la Prueba Federal (FTP) ..2El aspecto t cnico de OBD II. (FF, los monitores, Pendiente & los C digos Actuales, El Ciclodel Paseo, Re-poniendo a los monitores, el etc).. 6Codigos de diagnostico y datos (PID) .. 8La aplicacion de PIDs y codigos. FUEL TRIMS y su analisis.. 9Monitores .. 14Que es el marco helado de datos y c mo son tiles en diagn sticos ..15Hay necesidad de un esc ner del OEM o puedo yo sobrevivir con un scanner generico examinacion del escaner? .. 15Gen rico contra Fabricante. Cu l es la diferencia? por qu usted necesita ambos c digos?.. 16El vehiculo fallo la prueba OBD II de Inspecci n, pero est pasando la 5 prueba de emisionesde gas. Por qu es esto? .. 17Los FUEL TRIMS. No es el mismo procedimiento para cada sistema. 17-18El Diagn stico Ejecutivo o Gerente de la Tarea. Qu es? .. 19Las capacidades del mando bi-direccionales est n revolucionando el proceso dediagn stico.. 19Los escapes de EVAP. No tiene que ser complicado ..20Secci n 2Cogiendo datos de base en el sistema incluye recuperando FF, los c digos, & el estado delmonitor.. 2Informaci n de Marcos Conjelados o FREEZE-FRAMES.. 4Supervisando los estados del monitor.. 5Criterio de Escena de c digo. C mo y por qu el c digo se pone en memoria? .. 7El Marco de datos conjelado y Criterio de Escena de C digo. Comparaci n ..9Dividiendo el proceso de diagn stico en los sistemas y usando los c digos para descubrirlas faltas del sistema.. 10Primera regla de diagnostico es conocer el sistema en que usted est trabajando .. 11La perspectiva del Sistema.. 11Qu monitores est n Incompletos. La necesidad de demostrar cada sistema sin tener queejecutar un ciclo de paseo o viaje usando el esc ner, salvando tiempo el dinero.. 16El grabado de PID en baja general.. 13Secci n 3 Casos y Estudio de estos.INTRODUCCI N.. 2Listado en OBD-2 de PID Gen ricos.. 3OBD I y OBD II, y el an lisis de PID general.. 4DESCUBRIMIENTO DE FALTA DE ENTREGA DE GASOLINA.. 4PRUEBA #1.. 8PRUEBE #2.. 9PRUEBE #3... 13PRUEBE #4.. 14EJECUTANDO A LOS MONITORES EN SU MENTE USANDO EL SCANNER.. 16Seccion 4: Reuni ndolo Todo.Los principios de diagn sticos.. 2Alcance b sico de Prueba BidireccionalEl mando.. 3Diagn sticos Generales.. 5La decisi n correcta que hace el proceso una reparaci n leg tima.. 6No asuma nada durante el diagnostico y mantenga una mente neutral.. 7Teniendo en cuenta todo lo dicho. Resumen. 7

Con el contenido creciente de electr nica en veh culos modernos, la necesidadde comprender y usar conceptos el ctricos y lectura de diagrama esimportant simo; tanto como el uso de los equipos. A n mas, la lectura dediagrama el ctricos requiere un poco de conocimiento de electricidad yexperiencia. Conociendo las leyes del flujo de electrones o electricidad ustedposeer la destreza necesaria para este tipo de diagnostico. El DVDque acompa a este libro es un complemento mas en este curso numero 1de sistemas electr nicos automotrices. Suerte y disfrute.CURSO de ELECTRONICA AUTOMOTRIZ(Curso 1)(incluyendo c mo leer los diagramas de cableado)Tabla de Contenido- Introducci n- Teor a de los electrones y tomos- Los tomos y los electrones- Las fuerzas se repelen y atraen a diferencia- Teor a de los electrones y Metales- Qu es la corriente?- Cu l es la resistencia?- La resistencia en serie y en paralelo- Resistencia y Potencia- Qu es la tensi n?- Introducci n a los transistores?- Cu les son los transformadores?- An lisis del flujo de corriente- Interruptores y rel s

Curso de Electr nica Automotriz 2(Curso numero 2)(Incluyendo lectura de diagramas el ctricos)Con el contenido creciente de electr nica en veh culos modernos, la necesidadde comprender y usar conceptos el ctricos y lectura de diagrama es important simo;tanto como el uso de los equipos. A n mas, la lectura de diagrama el ctricosrequiere un poco de conocimiento de electricidad y experiencia. Conociendolas leyes del flujo de electrones o electricidad usted poseer la destreza necesariapara este tipo de diagnostico. El DVD que acompa a este libro es un complementomas en este curso numero 1 de sistemas electr nicos automotrices. Suertey disfrute.Curso de Electr nica Automotriz 2(Incluyendo lectura de diagramas el ctricos)Tabla de ContenidoSecci n-1 C mo trabajan los inyectores de combustibleDentro de un inyector de combustibleCantidad de combustible suministrado al motorInyector PICO-y-HOLDM dulos electr nicos y controladoresSistemas de CAN y LIN, Conexi n de red b sicaLos m dulos de control de los sistemasDiferencia entre la trayectoria actual y la trayectoria de datosEl osciloscopio o MMG (multimetro gr fico)Secci n-2Estrategia unificada de diagn sticoCircuito de PotenciaSeguros de puertas el ctricosCircuito de refrigeraci nCircuitos del PitoSistemas de Control de VelocidadCircuito del ventilador

En esta secci n se explicara a profundidad el funcionamiento de los censores de au-tom viles modernos. Como en la mayor a de los casos en este libro, se le dar una atenci n especial a la aplicaci n practica de diagnostico. A la ves, procedimientos dados aqu ser n acompa ados de la teor a necesaria para su entendimiento. Los nombres de los censores ser n acompa ados por su traducci n al Ingles en par nte-sis. Se le sugiere al lector referirse al Video-DVD complementario de esta serie. Disfruten.Secci n 1 Tabla de Contenido -Sensor de Oxigeno (O2 Sensor)...................................... 1-2 -Sensor de posici n del acelerador (APP) ....................... 1-6 -Sensor de rbol de levas y cig e al (CAM & CRK) ........1-10 -Sensor de temperatura del motor (ECT) ........................ 1-18 -Sensor de temperatura del aire (IAT) ............................ ..1-22 -Sensor de detonaci n (Knock Sensor) ............................1-24 -Sensor de admisi n de aire (MAF) ................................... 1-27 -Sensor de vaci del m ltiple de entrada (MAP) ..............1-32 -Sensor de posici n de la v lvula mariposa (TPS) ...........1-37 -Sensor de velocidad del veh culo (VSS) ..........................1-42 -Sensor de presi n del aire-condicionado (A/C-P/S) ..........1-47 -Sensor de presi n de combustible (FRP) ........................1-49 -Sensor de flojo de la v lvula de purgar gases (PFS) .......1-51 -Sensor de raci n de aire/combustible (AFR) ..................1-52 -NOTAS ......................................................................... 1-62

Esta secci n da una explicaci n profunda de los muchos accionadores y solenoides que componen un autom vil moderno. En este articulo expondremos la teor a de operaci n de estos componentes, y tambi n los procedimientos de prueba. Esto har el diagnostico de estos sistemas mucho mas f cil. Adicionalmente, la operaci n de sistemas de emisiones tambi n ser expuesta. Sea paciente y t mese su tiempo en absorber este material. Disfruten y tenga un aprendizaje ameno.Prueba de Accionadores Automotrices y Sistemas EVAP(Estrategias de Diagnostico de Sistemas de Autom viles Modernos)Seccion 2 - Tabla de Contenidos- Bomba deteccion de salidero................................................ 2-2- Estrategia de pruebas del inyector ....................................... 2-6- Alternadores GM y prueba de estos .................................... 2-13- Valvula de Control de Velocidad Baja del Motor................... 2-16- Sistema EGR de Re-introduccion de Gases ......................... 2-21- Diagnostico de Sistema EVAP .............................................. 2-27

En esta secci n, cubri remos lo b sico y mas complejo para el diagnostico automotriz. Como una actividad auto motiva, diagnosticar veh culos modernos se ha transformado extremadamente de alta tecnolog a por lo cual su orientaci n es muy dif cil. Pocas profesiones envuelven mucho de los que lo practican. Un t cnico actualizado tiene que perfeccionar una cantidad de disciplina, incluyendo la electr nica, ptico, mec nica, programaciones, ciencia en computadoras y muchas otras. Tan alta actividad de tecnolog a se requiere una mente bien anal tica. Pero como cualquier af n humano, todo viene con pr ctica y paciencia. Las t cnicas de uso de equipos y diagnostico sintom tico presentadas en esta secci n combinada con la pr ctica necesaria son designadas a afilar la habilidad del t cnico para realizar ganancias y r pido diagn stico. Con pr ctica y paciencia, cualquier veh culo puede ser reparado. E aqu la tabla de contenidos Disfrute Contenidos de este libro (Seccion 3)- LECTURA DE CANTIDAD DE CORRIENTE 3-6- Analices de se al de corriente en la bobina de encendido 3-9- ESTRATEGIAS DE DIAGNOSTICO DE FALTA DE PODER 3-12- ORIENTACION GENERAL DEL FLUJO Y VOLUMEN DE GASOLINA 3-15- Interpretacion de la Onda de la Bobina de Encendido 3-20- INTERPRETACION DE ONDA DE SE AL DE CORRIENTE DE LA BOBINA DE ENCENDIDO 3-21- ESTRATEGIA DEL EXAMEN DEL SYSTEMA DE ENCENDIDO 3-24- ESTRATEGIA de RACION (LEAN/RICH) de la MEZCLA 3-27- AJUSTE MINIMO DEL RITMO DEL AIRE o MARCHA BAJA 3-25- ESTRATEGIA DE REPARACION SIN PRESION Y SIN VOLUMEM 3-31- ESTRATEGIA DE INJECCION SIN PULSO 3-34- PROCEDIMIENTO DE DIAGNOSTICO DEL MOTOR SIN CHISPA 3-38- PROCEDIMIENTO GENERAL DE REPARACION DEL MOTOR SIN ARRANCAR 3-39- NOTAS 3-40

Automotive Computer Network Repair(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy Concepcion In this book we will cover the intricacies of automotive inter-module communication systems or networks. The scope of this section will also go beyond the normal needs of an automotive technician. Hence, this will probably be the most difficult part of this series to comprehend. Be patient and open minded. Always give yourself time to absorb the knowledge and do not be discouraged. Special emphasis will be placed on the CAN system (Controller Area Network), since it is now the standard.CAN is one of the 9 OBD-2 protocols. A protocol is an agreement on communications interchange. It is in essence a computer communication language and specifies signaling, wiring, size of cables used, who controls the network and voltage levels. Various protocols were used in the past, some proprietary and some generic such as ISO 9141 and SAE 1850 VPW, but the standard is now the CAN protocol. Virtually all vehicle networks now talk to each other though the CAN protocol. It is now common place to see the seat belt, SRS-Airbag, transmission, ABS-Brakes, engine and radio modules or computer talking to each other through the network. Ever wondered why your radio volume goes up when you accelerate the vehicle? That's the engine computer or module telling the radio to raise the volume due to a higher RPM and hence higher ambient noise. It is also common to see a non-shifting transmission due to a faulty network and the issue not being related to the transmission at all. Hopefully this book will shed some light on the operation and knowledge needed to tackle automotive networks in today's vehicles...... Enjoy. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION * - Automotive inter-module communication systems or networks* - Asian, Domestics and European Vehicles* - Fully Networked vehicles.2. THE NEED FOR IN-VEHICLE NETWORKING * - Use of electrical and electronic components* - Networked automotive sensors.* - Sharing of sensor information* - Weight savings and the simpler wiring harnesses* - Networking and modular systems3. THE NEED FOR PROTOCOLS * - CAN or Controller Area Network communication protocol* - CLASS A - Low speed* - CLASS B - Medium speed* - CLASS C - High speed* - SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers)* - ISO (International Standards Organization)* - What is a Gateway?4. NETWORKING ESSENTIALS * - the 7-layer ISO/OSI reference model* - PHYSICAL LAYER* - DATA LINK LAYER* - APPLICATION LAYER* - Medium Access* - CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS or CSMA* - Network latency* - The Topology of a network* - The STAR topology* - The BUS topology* - The TREE topology* - The RING topology5. DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION NETWORK * - The CCD data bus (Chrysler Collision Detection)* - CCD bus ground* - CCD bus bias voltage* - OEM scan tool (DRB III)* - NO TERMINATION message fault* - The PCI bus (Programmable Communications Interface)* - A CSMA/CD media access scheme* - The Header, DATA, CRC, IFR and EOF elements* - DCL (Data Communications Link)* - circuit 914 and 915* - SCP (J1850) (Standard Corporate Protocol)* - Dual wire twisted pair bus topology* - The ISO 9141 protocol* - The NGS "DATA LINK DIAGNOSTICS" menu option* - GM (Data Line) UART Serial Communications* - UART data line communications* - GM CLASS 2 data bus* - State of health messages* - The Tech-2 scanner has a dynamic menu configuration* - The Tech-2's PING-ALL-MODULES6. CAN (Controller Area Network)* - implementation of the CAN protocol* - 11 bit and 29 bit identifyer* - EPA approved for MY 2003 and up* - CAN A, B and C* - MID and PID CAN identifyers* - Master time-keeper-node* - Drive-by-wire systems* - Byteflight, Flexray, and Time-triggered CAN or TTCAN* - The CAN Data-Frame* - The CAN bus-access arbitration* - SOF (start-of-frame) bit* - Control bit* - Arbitration bits* - Data bits* - EOF or end of frame bit

AUTOMOTIVE IGNITION SYSTEMS EXPLAINED - GM(General Motors Ignition Systems)By MANDY CONCEPCION This book, concentrates on testing procedures and techniques dealing specifically with General Motors family of vehicles (Chevy, Buick, Pontiac, Old, Cadillac, GMC). The book provides specific operational characteristics or how the system works, as well as how to test them. Special care is given to present the procedures without the use of expensive equipment and tools. Often times with just a test light and multi-meter. Here we cover most of GM's previous and current ignition systems. The first section presents the principles and inner workings of modern diagnostic systems from a generalized perspective for those of you not familiar with the subject. Careful attention is given to expose all major systems from distributor based to COP or distributorless ignition. The other subsequent sections concentrate on GM specific procedures. This book is a great companion for those of you wanting to learn more about the subject of automotive ignition systems, for both professional and DIY technicians, auto-tech students and instructors wanting to use material for in-class training. It is also a deal reference work for on-the-job ignition testing. All sections have been updated to reflect modern state of technology, since all out books are periodically updated as technology changes. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of Contents Basics of Modern Automotive Ignition Systems (Basic facts and information on ignition systems.)* - The Mechanical Ignition System (Explains the basics of a mechanical ignition systems, the coil high voltage generation, the job of the Platinum points, as well as ignition coil induction process.)* - The ignition switch (The Distributor, Ignition Coil, Ignition Timing, Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs (Covers basic and advanced concepts on these components.)* - The Electronic Ignition System (Covering pick-up coils, speed sensors, relluctor tone rings, switching of the ignition coil and voltage level developed in newer systems.)* - The Distributorless Ignition system (distributorless ignition and how to follow its circuit, operation and testing.)* - GM H.E.I. (Even though it's an older system, there're plenty of these systems around and make for a primer on electronic ignition.)* - General Motors Ignition Cassette System (Learn to test these systems in detail.)* - GM Compression Sense Ignition (CSI enables the Powertrain Control Module to determine proper engine phasing (cam position) without the use of a separate camshaft position sensor.)* - Testing GM Ignition Control System on 4.3L, 5.0L and 5.7L (diagnose and test a BAD Ignition Control Module and Ignition Coil for the 4.3L, 5.0L and 5.7L engine family.)* - Testing the Ignition Control System on a QUAD-4 (GM 2.4L) (With this test, you'll be able to pinpoint the problem to the Ignition Control Module (ICM) or the Crankshaft Position Sensor (7X CKP Sensor).)* - Testing Ignition Control System on a GM 3.1L, 3.4L (This section will help you test the Ignition Control Module (ICM) and 3X, 7X Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor on all of the GM 3.1L and 3.4L overhead valve engines.)* - Testing GM COP Ignition Systems on GM 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L and 8.1L (Every step is explained in plain English and with photos to guide you every step of the way. Also, all tests are ON CAR tests and done without a Scan Tool.)

Automotive Repair Case Studies(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy ConcepcionIn this section, we'll take a look at automotive diagnostics in action. An effort has been made to look at problems in different ways, in each of the examples. Although there are many ways to perform the same task, the idea here is to show the technician or avid DIY mechanic the different ways to go about diagnosing automobiles. Special attention is given to specific systems and different makes and models. The different real life diagnostic cases are explained from narrated perspective to make learning easier. Hopefully you find this section enlightening and productive. Enjoy your readings.Table of Contents* - Audi data bus signal recognition (exposes the intricacies of diagnosing vehicle networks and how computers talk to each other.)* - Cadi idle re-learn (explains the importance of module re-learn procedure, which is done by re-adapting the ECM to a new sensor.)* - Case of the EVAPs (these emission systems are difficult to diagnose, due to their complexities.)* - Computer Data Lines (scan tools talk to the different engine modules or computers through the data line or bus. See how to diagnose this type of problem.)* - Faulty EGR operation (the EGR is in charge of lowering combustion temperatures. But issue with this system can cause pinging, performance, misfire and countless other issues.)* - Lean (dirty) MAF (the lean condition comprises about 60% of all engine performance issues. Learn to deal with this situation.)* - The case of the low volume (Fuel pumps deliver both pressure and volume. If one of these is missing then the engine has problems.)* - Unsynchronized CAM & CRK signals (CAM and CRK signal synchronization is needed for the engine to start.)* - Wrong MAP reading (The manifold air pressure is a main input to the ECM. See how this sensor creates havoc with the engine.)* - The Cadi's dual crank affair (this Cadillac's engine control system has dual crank sensors. Learn to diagnose these systems.)* - Analytical misfire code (Misfires are difficult to diagnose and this case shows precisely that.)* - The misfire ghost (A case of hard to find misfire.)

Automotive Vehicle Strategies and ECM Modes(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy ConcepcionThis book is divided into two sections, "Vehicle Operational Strategies", which detail what's needed for and engine to start. In other words, this section concentrates on the signals needed for a particular manufacturer to make the engine run. These signal strategies are true regardless of the system and the section simply zeros in on the actual signal, whether it's a distributor, DIS, COP, etc. The second section is the "ECM operational modes" and goes into details on why and how the ECM does what it needs to do to run the engine. In other words, this section has to do with the behavior of the ECM according to outside conditions.VEHICLE OPERATIONAL STRATEGIESThis section is designed to serve as a functional guide to some of the more difficult to diagnose faults. It basically came about from the trial and error experimentation with different systems, during the diagnostic process. It is not a study section per se, but will definitelyenlighten the technician as to the logics of different systems on the market today. Hopefully, it will serve to pinpoint the source of an actual problem.ECM OPERATIONAL MODES In this section, we'll take a look at automotive OPERATIONAL MODES. The section deals with the specifics of internal ECM programming strategies. The knowledge gained here will aide the modern technician is deciphering why is the ECM functioning in a specific way. This section, as in other parts of this book, helps to answer the technician's diagnostic basic question "What is the ECM seeing, that's causing it to do what it does?"Table of ContentsVEHICLE OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES- HONDA IGNITION & INJECTION STRATEGY- MAZDA IGNITION STRATEGY- MAZDA EEC IV IGNITION STRATEGY- MITSUBISHI/HYUNDAI IGNITION STRATEGY- NISSAN IGNITION STRATEGY- NISSAN COP IGNITION STRATEGY- TOYOTA IGNITION STRATEGYECM OPERATIONAL MODES- CRANKING ENRICHMENT MODE- ENGINE WARM-UP MODE- OPEN-LOOP MODE- CLOSE-LOOP MODE- ACCELERATION ENRICHMENT MODE- DECELERATION ENLEANMENT MODE- IDLE SPEED CONTROL MODE- LOW VOLTAGE CORRECTION MODE- CLEAR FLOOD MODE- SELECTIVE FUEL INJECTOR CUT-OFF MODE- LIMP-HOME MODE- EXHAUST VARIABLE VALVE TIMING/EGR CONTROL MODE

Techniques on Using Automotive Diagnostic Equipment(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy ConcepcionThis "Tools and Equipment" (Techniques on Using Automotive Diagnostic Equipment) book serves as a basic primer for any future equipment purchasing decisions, as well as operating and learning the use of these advanced gadgets. An effort was made to cover some of the OEM (Dealer) tools available today. Furthermore, detailed operational explanations were presented so as to introduce and explain the intricacies of each tool. Emphasis was also placed on module re-flashing or reprogramming, since it is becoming an integral part of automotive repair. This section was produced without the sponsoring of anyone company and any opinion expressed by the author is totally unbiased.Table of ContentsTechniques on Using Automotive Diagnostic Equipment(A Tool and Equipment Section)* Introduction* TEST LIGHT * POWER PROBE * DIGITAL MULTIMETER * AMP-PROBE (Low & High Current) * SOUND (Tone) SIGNAL TRACER * IAC ACTUATOR * IR (Infra-Red) THERMOMETER * SCAN TOOLS * OEM SCANNERS: * DRB III, * TECH-2, * NGS, * I-PRO (Hi Scan), * Vehicle Reflashing (Re-Programming), * Off-Board Re-programming and Re-FLashing* OSCILLOSCOPES, DSO, Fulke