Kirjahaku

Super-Recursive Algorithms provides an accessible, focused examination of the theory of super-recursive algorithms and its ramifications for the computer industry, networks, artificial intelligence, embedded systems, and the Internet. The book demonstrates how these algorithms are more appropriate as mathematical models for modern computers, and how these algorithms present a better framework for computing methods in such areas as numerical analysis, array searching, and controlling and monitoring systems. In addition, a new practically-oriented perspective on the theory of algorithms, computation, and automata, as a whole, is developed. Problems of efficiency, software development, parallel and distributed processing, pervasive and emerging computation, computer architecture, machine learning, brain modeling, knowledge discovery, and intelligent systems are addressed. This clear exposition, motivated by numerous examples and illustrations, serves researchers and advanced students interested in theory of computation and algorithms.

Super-Recursive Algorithms provides an accessible, focused examination of the theory of super-recursive algorithms and its ramifications for the computer industry, networks, artificial intelligence, embedded systems, and the Internet. The book demonstrates how these algorithms are more appropriate as mathematical models for modern computers, and how these algorithms present a better framework for computing methods in such areas as numerical analysis, array searching, and controlling and monitoring systems. In addition, a new practically-oriented perspective on the theory of algorithms, computation, and automata, as a whole, is developed. Problems of efficiency, software development, parallel and distributed processing, pervasive and emerging computation, computer architecture, machine learning, brain modeling, knowledge discovery, and intelligent systems are addressed. This clear exposition, motivated by numerous examples and illustrations, serves researchers and advanced students interested in theory of computation and algorithms.

“Hypernumbers and Extrafunctions” presents a rigorous mathematical approach to operate with infinite values. First, concepts of real and complex numbers are expanded to include a new universe of numbers called hypernumbers which includes infinite quantities. This brief extends classical calculus based on real functions by introducing extrafunctions, which generalize not only the concept of a conventional function but also the concept of a distribution. Extrafucntions have been also efficiently used for a rigorous mathematical definition of the Feynman path integral, as well as for solving some problems in probability theory, which is also important for contemporary physics. This book introduces a new theory that includes the theory of distributions as a subtheory, providing more powerful tools for mathematics and its applications. Specifically, it makes it possible to solve PDE for which it is proved that they do not have solutions in distributions. Also illustrated in this text is how this new theory allows the differentiation and integration of any real function. This text can be used for enhancing traditional courses of calculus for undergraduates, as well as for teaching a separate course for graduate students.

We are living in a world where complexity of systems created and studied by people grows beyond all imaginable limits. Computers, their software and their networks are among the most complicated systems of our time. Science is the only efficient tool for dealing with this overwhelming complexity. One of the methodologies developed in science is the axiomatic approach. It proved to be very powerful in mathematics. In this book, the authors developed further an axiomatic approach in computer science initiated by Floyd, Manna, Blum and other researchers. In the traditional constructive setting, different classes of algorithms (programs, processes or automata) are studied separately, with some indication of relations between these classes. In such a way, the constructive approach gave birth to the theory of Turing machines, theory of partial recursive functions, theory of finite automata, and other theories of constructive models of algorithms. The axiomatic context allows one to research collections of classes of algorithms, automata, and processes. These classes are united in a collection by common properties in a form of axioms. As a result, axiomatic approach goes higher in the hierarchy of computer and network models, reducing in such a way complexity of their study.

Set theory has become one of the most respected fields in mathematics due to the situation in which sets are used to build all mathematical structures, pervading the whole of modern mathematics, and objects, while set theory guarantees soundness of this approach. The language of set theory, in its relative simplicity, is sufficiently powerful to formalise virtually all mathematical concepts popular in the mathematical community. As a result, the majority of mathematicians assume that a set is the most fundamental object for the whole mathematics and consequently, set theory along with logical calculi, forms the most natural and adequate ultimate foundation for mathematics. This book presents and discusses research in the study of set theory, as well as their role and place in mathematics.

In this attractive and very accessible new book, Mark Burgin, acclaimed author of Neoclassical Analysis: Calculus Closer to the Real World and Theory of Named Sets, examines the deep mysteries of structures, exploring different faces of reality, explicating the structure of the world's existence and explicating fundamental issues of symbols, signs and concepts. This book is aimed at a wide audience of readers who want to better understand the world in which they live. That is why the author tried to write the main body of the book, that is, all its chapters, without mathematical formulas and formal constructions. However, for a mathematician, it is impossible even to imagine such an important topic as structural reality without a mathematical theory. So, formal constructions, exact definitions, mathematical formulas and examples of advanced mathematical structures are given in the Appendix.

This new volume shows how it is possible to further develop and essentially extend the theory of operators in infinite-dimensional vector spaces, which plays an important role in mathematics, physics, information theory, and control theory. The book describes new mathematical structures, such as hypernorms, hyperseminorms, hypermetrics, semitopological vector spaces, hypernormed vector spaces, and hyperseminormed vector spaces. It develops mathematical tools for the further development of functional analysis and broadening of its applications. Exploration of semitopological vector spaces, hypernormed vector spaces, hyperseminormed vector spaces, and hypermetric vector spaces is the main topic of this book. A new direction in functional analysis, called quantum functional analysis, has been developed based on polinormed and multinormed vector spaces and linear algebras. At the same time, normed vector spaces and topological vector spaces play an important role in physics and in control theory.To make this book comprehendible for the reader and more suitable for students with some basic knowledge in mathematics, denotations and definitions of the main mathematical concepts and structures used in the book are included in the appendix, making the book useful for enhancing traditional courses of calculus for undergraduates, as well as for separate courses for graduate students. The material of Semitopological Vector Spaces: Hypernorms, Hyperseminorms and Operators is closely related to what is taught at colleges and universities. It is possible to use a definite number of statements from the book as exercises for students because their proofs are not given in the book but left for the reader.

This new volume shows how it is possible to further develop and essentially extend the theory of operators in infinite-dimensional vector spaces, which plays an important role in mathematics, physics, information theory, and control theory. The book describes new mathematical structures, such as hypernorms, hyperseminorms, hypermetrics, semitopological vector spaces, hypernormed vector spaces, and hyperseminormed vector spaces. It develops mathematical tools for the further development of functional analysis and broadening of its applications. Exploration of semitopological vector spaces, hypernormed vector spaces, hyperseminormed vector spaces, and hypermetric vector spaces is the main topic of this book. A new direction in functional analysis, called quantum functional analysis, has been developed based on polinormed and multinormed vector spaces and linear algebras. At the same time, normed vector spaces and topological vector spaces play an important role in physics and in control theory.To make this book comprehendible for the reader and more suitable for students with some basic knowledge in mathematics, denotations and definitions of the main mathematical concepts and structures used in the book are included in the appendix, making the book useful for enhancing traditional courses of calculus for undergraduates, as well as for separate courses for graduate students. The material of Semitopological Vector Spaces: Hypernorms, Hyperseminorms and Operators is closely related to what is taught at colleges and universities. It is possible to use a definite number of statements from the book as exercises for students because their proofs are not given in the book but left for the reader.

Written by a Medical Expert for Medical Experts for the first time Personal Injury report writing is broken into simple steps.The book gives practical solutions to the problems facing PI experts. It is the book that all experts wished they could have read at the start of their careers. The Art of Personal Injury Report Writing is on one level a how-to guide for beginners. On another level it explores the many choices that the most experienced experts face.Written by an expert with 4 cases reported with approval on BAILII this book shares the beauty of well-crafted evidence.

This pioneering book empowers doctors, nurses, social workers, physiotherapists and lawyers with a comprehensive understanding of the disability model and its practical application in their everyday practice. Social barriers from the complexities in both medicine and law can be substantial for people with impairments, ultimately leading to disability. The disability model can help identify how systems could disadvantage people with specific functional restrictions and what adjustments are reasonable. To understand the many factors that influence health, healthcare and social care professionals have three key tools at their disposal. - The medical model explains illnesses like cancer and heart disease. - The biopsychosocial model explains psychological and social impacts on wellness. - The disability model explains how impairments cause functional restrictions. Only the disability model can fully answer questions about capability in legal processes, benefits systems and functional life expectancy. This book offers a ground-breaking universal framework for disability assessment using a comprehensive, step-by-step approach.

The book is the first in the trilogy which will bring you to the fascinating world of numbers and operations with them. Numbers provide information about myriads of things. Together with operations, numbers constitute arithmetic forming in basic intellectual instruments of theoretical and practical activity of people and offering powerful tools for representation, acquisition, transmission, processing, storage, and management of information about the world.The history of numbers and arithmetic is the topic of a variety of books and at the same time, it is extensively presented in many books on the history of mathematics. However, all of them, at best, bring the reader to the end of the 19th century without including the developments in these areas in the 20th century and later. Besides, such books consider and describe only the most popular classes of numbers, such as whole numbers or real numbers. At the same time, a diversity of new classes of numbers and arithmetic were introduced in the 20th century.This book looks into the chronicle of numbers and arithmetic from ancient times all the way to 21st century. It also includes the developments in these areas in the 20th century and later. A unique aspect of this book is its information orientation of the exposition of the history of numbers and arithmetic.

This unique volume presents a new approach — the general theory of information — to scientific understanding of information phenomena. Based on a thorough analysis of information processes in nature, technology, and society, as well as on the main directions in information theory, this theory synthesizes existing directions into a unified system. The book explains how this theory opens new kinds of possibilities for information technology, information sciences, computer science, knowledge engineering, psychology, linguistics, social sciences, and education.The book also gives a broad introduction to the main mathematically-based directions in information theory. The general theory of information provides a unified context for existing directions in information studies, making it possible to elaborate on a comprehensive definition of information; explain relations between information, data, and knowledge; and demonstrate how different mathematical models of information and information processes are related.Explanation of information essence and functioning is given, as well as answers to the following questions:

This book aims to synthesize different directions in knowledge studies into a unified theory of knowledge and knowledge processes. It explicates important relations between knowledge and information. It provides the readers with understanding of the essence and structure of knowledge, explicating operations and process that are based on knowledge and vital for society.The book also highlights how the theory of knowledge paves the way for more advanced design and utilization of computers and networks.