Kirjahaku

This book provides readers with an introduction to m-polar fuzzy graphs and m-polar fuzzy hypergraphs, covering both theories and applications. A special emphasis is given to m-polar fuzzy graphs at the aim of filling a gap in the literature, namely the absence of a mathematical approach to analyze multi-index, multipolar, and multi-attribute data. The book describes metrics and labeling in m-polar graphs, m-polar fuzzy matroids. It also discusses in detail important applications in decision-making problems and imaging processing. The book is expected to stimulate the curiosity of mathematics, computer scientists, and social scientists alike, and to provide both students and researchers with the necessary knowledge to understand and apply m-polar fuzzy graph theory.

This book explores certain structures of fuzzy Lie algebras, fuzzy Lie superalgebras and fuzzy n-Lie algebras. In addition, it applies various concepts to Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras, including type-1 fuzzy sets, interval-valued fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets, vague sets and bipolar fuzzy sets. The book offers a valuable resource for students and researchers in mathematics, especially those interested in fuzzy Lie algebraic structures, as well as for other scientists.Divided into 10 chapters, the book begins with a concise review of fuzzy set theory, Lie algebras and Lie superalgebras. In turn, Chap. 2 discusses several properties of concepts like interval-valued fuzzy Lie ideals, characterizations of Noetherian Lie algebras, quotient Lie algebras via interval-valued fuzzy Lie ideals, and interval-valued fuzzy Lie superalgebras. Chaps. 3 and 4 focus on various concepts of fuzzy Lie algebras, while Chap. 5 presents the concept of fuzzy Lie ideals of a Lie algebra over a fuzzy field. Chapter 6 is devoted to the properties of bipolar fuzzy Lie ideals, bipolar fuzzy Lie subsuperalgebras, bipolar fuzzy bracket product, solvable bipolar fuzzy Lie ideals and nilpotent bipolar fuzzy Lie ideals. Chap. 7 deals with the properties of m-polar fuzzy Lie subalgebras and m-polar fuzzy Lie ideals, while Chap. 8 addresses concepts like soft intersection Lie algebras and fuzzy soft Lie algebras. Chap. 9 deals with rough fuzzy Lie subalgebras and rough fuzzy Lie ideals, and lastly, Chap. 10 investigates certain properties of fuzzy subalgebras and ideals of n-ary Lie algebras.

This book addresses single-valued neutrosophic graphs and their applications. In addition, it introduces readers to a number of central concepts, including certain types of single-valued neutrosophic graphs, energy of single-valued neutrosophic graphs, bipolar single-valued neutrosophic planar graphs, isomorphism of intuitionistic single-valued neutrosophic soft graphs, and single-valued neutrosophic soft rough graphs.Divided into eight chapters, the book seeks to remedy the lack of a mathematical approach to indeterminate and inconsistent information. Chap. 1 presents a concise review of single-valued neutrosophic sets, while Chap. 2 explains the notion of neutrosophic graph structures and explores selected properties of neutrosophic graph structures. Chap. 3 discusses specific bipolar neutrosophic graphs. Chap. 4 highlights the concept of interval-valued neutrosophic graphs, while Chap. 5 presents certain notions concerning interval-valued neutrosophic graph structures. Chap. 6 addresses the concepts of rough neutrosophic digraphs and neutrosophic rough digraphs. Chap. 7 focuses on the concepts of neutrosophic soft graphs and intuitionistic neutrosophic soft graphs, before Chap. 8 rounds out the book by considering neutrosophic soft rough graphs.