Kirjahaku

A Dictionary of Varieties of English presents a comprehensive listing of the distinctive dialects and forms of English spoken throughout the contemporary world. Provides an invaluable introduction and guide to current research trends in the fieldIncludes definitions both for the varieties of English and regions they feature, and for terms and concepts derived from a linguistic analysis of these varietiesExplores important research issues including the transportation of dialects of English, the rise of ‘New Englishes’, sociolinguistic investigations of various English-speaking locales, and the study of language contact and change.Reflects our increased awareness of global forms of English, and the advances made in the study of varieties of the language in recent decadesCreates an invaluable, informative resource for students and scholars alike, spanning the rich and diverse linguistic varieties of the most widely accepted language of international communication

English has been spoken in Ireland for over 800 years, making Irish English the oldest variety of the language outside Britain. This 2007 book traces the development of English in Ireland, both north and south, from the late Middle Ages to the present day. Drawing on authentic data ranging from medieval literature to authentic contemporary examples, it reveals how Irish English arose, how it has developed, and how it continues to change. A variety of central issues are considered in detail, such as the nature of language contact and the shift from Irish to English, the sociolinguistically motivated changes in present-day Dublin English, the special features of Ulster Scots, and the transportation of Irish English to overseas locations as diverse as Canada, the United States, and Australia. Presenting a comprehensive survey of Irish English at all levels of linguistics, this book will be invaluable to historical linguists, sociolinguists, syntacticians and phonologists alike.

Have you ever wondered whether we are alone in the universe, or if life forms on other planets might exist? If they do exist, how might their languages have evolved? Could we ever understand them, and indeed learn to communicate with them? This highly original, thought-provoking book takes us on a fascinating journey over billions of years, from the formation of galaxies and solar systems, to the appearance of planets in the habitable zones of their parent stars, and then to how biology and, ultimately, human life arose on our own planet. It delves into how our brains and our language developed, in order to explore the likelihood of communication beyond Earth and whether it would evolve along similar lines. In the process, fascinating insights from the fields of astronomy, evolutionary biology, palaeoanthropology, neuroscience and linguistics are uncovered, shedding new light on life as we know it on Earth, and beyond.

An in-depth exploration of the sound systems of varieties of English around the world, written by a renowned authority in the field In Sounds of English Worldwide, Raymond Hickey delivers a rigorous overview of the sound systems of varieties of English throughout the world. Beginning with an overview of the history and contexts of global varieties of English, this book guides readers through the spread of English during the colonial era leading up to the present day. The second section of the book broadly considers developments in the English-speaking world, accounting for the factors that triggered regional changes and resulted in diverse scenarios for English, including language contact and shift, new dialect formation , and the use of English in non-anglophone contexts. To assist students in learning how to approach the study of varieties of English, this valuable text addresses research questions of general interest to linguists and explores a variety of fieldwork methods commonly used by researchers in the area. This useful book offers: A thorough introduction to English today, including its geographical and social distribution, focusing on variation and change around the worldPractical discussions of key changes in late modern English that determined the unique phonetic profile of different varieties of the languageIn-depth examination of present-day scenarios and how they might pan out in the future development of English, considering the many factors which may shape global forms of the languageIncludes useful summaries of varieties of English with a glossary and timeline, providing a quick reference of the key features of English around the world for studentsConsiders research issues and methods to aid students in applying the material of the book to their own studiesPerfect for graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, and researchers studying varieties of Englishes, Sounds of English Worldwide will earn a place in the libraries of linguists and students studying Englishes worldwide from a sociolinguistic perspective as well as langague contact , bilingualism, the rise of new varieties along with English phonetics and phonology more generally.

The Sound Structure of Modern Irish contains a comprehensive description of the phonology of Irish. Based on the main forms of the language, it offers an analysis of the segments and the processes in its sound system. Each section begins with a description of the area of phonology which is the subject - such as stress patterns, phonotactics, epenthesis or metathesis - and then proceeds to consider the special aspects of this subject from a theoretical and typological perspective. The book pays particular attention to key processes in the sound system of modern Irish. The two most important of these are palatalisation and initial mutation, phenomena which are central to Irish and the analysis of which has consequences for general phonological theory. The other main emphasis in the book is on a typological comparison of several different languages, all of which show palatalisation and/or initial mutation as part of their systems. The different forms of Celtic, Slavic languages, Romance dialects and languages along with languages such as Finnish, Fula, Nivkh and Southern Paiute are considered to find out how processes which are phonetic in origin (external sandhi) can become functionalised and integrated into the morphosyntactic system of a language.

The book offers a comprehensive overview of forms of modern Irish within a general linguistic framework. Starting with information on the sociolinguistics of modern Irish and on the overall sound system of the language, it then proceeds with a tripartite division of the present-day language into northern, western and southern Irish. It gives specific information on the features of each dialect and considers many sub-divisions, using maps and tables to illustrate clearly what is the subject of discussion. There are several innovations in the book, such as a system of lexical sets which facilitate the description and analysis of variation and change in modern Irish. The data for the book stems from recordings of more than 200 speakers and all the statements made about the structure of Irish are based on native speakers' speech samples. These are supplied online with a software interface which allows users to quickly orient themselves among the varieties of Irish via clickable maps. A number of further issues are focused on in the book, such as the possibility of dialect reconstruction and the use of place-name evidence for determining the earlier distribution of Irish. Additional historical and background information is provided so that scholars and students without any previous knowledge of the language can readily grasp the themes and issues discussed.

Vorwort Das vorliegende Programmpaket besteht aus einem Datenbankmanager und einer Reihe von Zusatzprogrammen, die unmittelbar mit der Verwaltung und Verarbeitung von Datenbanken zusammenha.ngen. Die Programme weisen eine einheitliche Struktur auf und diirften nach kurzer Zeit auch fiir nicht-technisch versierte Benutzer verstandlich sein. Die ganze Gruppe kann von einer Ober- flache aus gesteuert werden (s. das Programm Desktop), so daB der Benutzer sich nicht am Anfang mit den einzelnen Programmen auseinandersetzen muB. Eigenschaften des Programmpaketes Keine besonderen Hardwarevoraussetzungen notwendig. Alle Programme laufen auf jedem PC mit 640KB Arbeitsspeicher und Monochrom- oder Farbmonitor. Benatigt wird weniger als 1.5MB Festplattenplatz fiir alle Programme und Dateien. Die Programme sind schnell im Aufbau und in der Datenverarbeitung. Sie weisen Fenstertechnologie und Meniisysteme auf, die mit der Maus gesteuert werden kannen. Alle Programme kannen einzeln aufgerufen oder von einem Kontrollzentrum mit SAA -Oberflache gesteuert werden. Alle Programme kannen von Microsoft Wzndows aus gestartet werden. Der Vieweg DatenbankManager erzeugt dBASE-kompatible Datenbanken, die in jeder weiteren Programmumgebung verarbeitet werden kannen. Besondere VOrzUge Die Programmgruppe enth8.lt eine gut ausgebaute und flexible Schnittstelle zwischen Datenbank- und Textdateien und einen kompletten Texteditor, der direkt mit Datenbanken zusammenarbeitet. VI Vorwort Der Vieweg DatenbankManager ist ein Programm, das sHindig verbessert wird; Benutzer konnen gegen Einsendung ihrer Distributionsdiskette zu jeder Zeit ein Update vom Autor erhalten.

Ziel dieses Buches ist es, die Datenbankverwaltung einem wei ten Anwenderkreis zuganglich zu machen. Es richtet sich daher auch an technisch unerfahrene Leser. Diese solIen mit einem Gebiet der Datenverarbeitung vertraut gemacht werden, das mit Sicherheit im beruflichen als auch im privaten Bereich Anwendung findet. Urn die gro8e Streuungsbreite der Datenbankverwendung zu unterstreichen, werden in diesem Buch unterschiedliche Aspekte vorgestelIt und besprochen. Auf diese Weise solI versucht werden, Anwendungen aus unterschiedlichen Lebensbereichen zu veranschaulichen, die kunftigen Benutzern von Datenbanken hoffentlich eine Hilfe sein werden. Das Buch ist in zwei Teile gegliedert. 1m ersten Teil wird die Anwendung von Datenbankprogrammen erlautert. Das Ziel hierbei ist es, dem Leser zu vermitteln, wie die Handhabe von Datenbanken aussieht und welche Termini in diesem Bereich gelaufig sind. Fur Veranschaulichungszwecke wird der Datenbankmanager des Autors, der Vieweg DatenbankManager herangezogen und besprochen. Er ist keineswegs Voraussetzung fur das Verstehen des vorliegenden Buches. Man k6nnte aber den Vieweg DatenbankManager als eine spatere, eher praktische Stufe auffassen, zu der man nach diesem Buch ubergehen k6nnte. 1m zweiten Teil wird die Entwicklung eigener Programme behandelt, wobei die Datenbanksprache dBASE als Ausgangspunkt fur die Besprechung von Programmiertechniken dient. Mit der Wahl einer relativ zuganglichen Programmiersprache wird die Entwicklung von Programmen fur den eigenen Bedarf hoffentlich als eine Aufgabe dargestelIt, die auch fur den Nicht- Informatiker ohne wei teres realisierbar ist. Munchen Raymond Hickey Mai 1993 VI I nhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Seite Vorwort .............................................. V I Anwendung. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . 1 Grundsatzliches zu Datenbanken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1 . . . . 1.1 Praarnbel: Softwareklassifizierung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1 . . . .