Kirjahaku

"Morphine," writes Richard J. Miller, "is the most significant chemical substance mankind has ever encountered." So ancient that remains of poppies have been found in Neolithic tombs, it is the most effective drug ever discovered for treating pain. "Whatever advances are made in medicine," Miller adds, "nothing could really be more important than that." And yet, when it comes to mind-altering substances, morphine is only a cc or two in a vast river that flows through human civilization, ranging LSD to a morning cup of tea. In DRUGGED, Miller takes readers on an eye-opening tour of psychotropic drugs, describing the various kinds, how they were discovered and developed, and how they have played multiple roles in virtually every culture. The vast scope of chemicals that cross the blood-brain barrier boggle the very brain they reach: cannabis and cocaine, antipsychotics and antidepressants, alcohol, amphetamines, and Ecstasy-and much more. Literate and wide-ranging, Miller weaves together science and history, telling the story of the undercover theft of 20,000 tea plants from China by a British spy, for example, the European discovery of coffee and chocolate, and how James Wolfgang von Goethe, the famous man of letters, first isolated the alkaloid we now know as caffeine. Miller explains what scientists know-and don't-about the impact of each drug on the brain, down to the details of neurotransmitters and their receptors. He clarifies the differences between morphine and heroin, mescaline and LSD, and other similar substances. Drugged brims with surprises, revealing the fact that antidepressant drugs evolved from the rocket fuel that shot V2 rockets into London during World War II, highlighting the role of hallucinogens in the history of religion, and asking whether Prozac can help depressed cats. Entertaining and authoritative, Drugged is a truly fascinating book.

Every year, hundreds of millions of animals are used in the service of biomedical research, despite the risk of extreme cruelty to these animal subjects. The expansion of the pharmaceutical industry and university research funding rapidly normalized its practice. What exactly are these experiments supposed to achieve from the scientific point of view and how effective are they? Working scientists answer these questions by saying that their research is absolutely necessary if we are to develop new therapies for human diseases. But is this really the case? Written by a scientist with over 40 years of laboratory experience, The Rise and Fall of Animal Experimentation critically examines this assumption and asks whether it is true that animal-based research achieves its aims and, if so, how often this occurs and if there are alternatives to performing animal-based science. The book takes readers through the history of animal experimentation: its early beginnings in antiquity, how it advanced in the seventeenth century during the Scientific Revolution until the present day, and explores the diverse scientific, theological, and philosophical influences that formed the basis for these ideas about animal-based science. Referencing developments in various fields including stem cell biology, genetic sequencing, and live imaging, the book describes the scientific advancements that bring the value of animal experimentation into question and encourages biomedical research to consider more anthropocentric paradigms that reflect the entire spectrum of human diversity.

This book naturally follows on from Volume I, developing the mathematical foundations and physical applications of the relatively new subject known as Unity Root Matrix Theory (URMT).The mathematical advances extend URMT's new method of arbitrary vector embedding to two arbitrary vectors, in three or more dimensions, by way of a complete reformulation of URMT in terms of projection operators and exterior products. The similarity of the resulting matrix forms to those used in quaternions, rotations and electromagnetism enables URMT to extend its physical applications to angular dynamics and the electromagnetic plane wave. In particular, URMT's inherently discrete nature results in a treatment of quantised particle spin.Armed with a common mathematical formulation of physical applications as an eigenvector solution to a matrix operator, all generated in a language more recognisable to conventional mathematical physics, the path is now clear for closer future development of URMT to existing, and highly successful, physical theories.

Two weeks prior to entering the hospital for major heart surgery, the author read his own obituary published in his high school magazine. Undeterred, he went ahead with the operation and survived to tell the tale. In "I Am A Mutant", the author describes how he discovered that he had inherited a potentially fatal heart disease, the history of his family, the science of genetics, and the implications of living with a genetic disease.

This book presents an integer-based representation of the quark flavour model using the mathematics of Unity Root Matrix Theory (URMT). As per a conventional quark representation, the quarks are given by eigenvectors to matrix operators, with commutation relations amongst these operators being those of the symmetry groups SU(2), for an up and down quark isospin representation, and SU(3), for an additional strange quark. The URMT method of lifting then extends this to a full, six-quark model, SU(6).Unlike conventional physical theory, the work originates in the world of number theory and Diophantine equations, and is based upon the invariance of an eigenvector equation to parametric variation in the unity root matrix - its elements are unity (or primitive) roots. The quark eigenvectors are Pythagorean or hyperbolic in nature, and parametrically evolve in both the time and frequency domain, whilst keeping all their inner product relations invariant, i.e. the model possesses unitary properties equivalent to the special unitary groups SU(2) to SU(6).Following previous publications on recasting physics in the world of number-theory, URMT has shown, once again, that the physical world may well be reducible to a simpler scheme that dances to the tune of the integers.

Dive into the world of petroleum property economic evaluation. Gain insights into the purposes and applications of economic evaluations in oil and gas investments. Explore the interaction between production, sales, operating costs, taxes, third-party interests, and regulatory controls. Master the construction of income streams to measure economic benefits, with the ultimate goal of maximizing income and establishing economic value from oil and gas properties. Drawing from over 50 years of industry experience, this indispensable resource explains: • Core Concepts: Understand effective dates, economic limits, production decline, discounted cash flow, and market value. • Practical Applications: Learn to estimate future production and income potential of properties. • Economic Benefits: Evaluate the financial advantages of both producing and non-producing properties. This book highlights numerous topics often overlooked in other publications. It provides a detailed discussion and illustration of appropriate measures of value, as well as methods for estimating market value. The book also covers the historical context of oil and gas pricing, alongside techniques for estimating and projecting future prices. You'll find thorough explanations of how to determine, apply, and project property operating costs. Additionally, the book explores evaluations for regulatory purposes, such as abandonment, ad valorem tax, and eminent domain. It also discusses how to evaluate income potential and economic benefits for royalty owners and other non-operating interests. With comprehensive coverage of these subjects, the book serves as an invaluable resource for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of petroleum property economic evaluation.