Kirjahaku

The Lollards offers a brief but insightful guide to the entire history of England's only native medieval heretical movement. Beginning with its fourteenth century origins in the theology of the Oxford professor, John Wyclif, Richard Rex examines the spread of Lollardy across much of England until its eventual dissolution amidst the ecclesiastical and doctrinal upheavals of the sixteenth century.Taking account of recent scholarship, Rex reassesses Wyclif's political career and provides a compact survey of his theology which corrects a number of current misapprehensions about it and identifies those features which help explain the hostility it aroused. Whilst endorsing the traditinal view that Lollardy was indeed the lay face of Wycliffism, the author nevertheless challenges a number of cherished myths about England's late medieval heretics. Rex controversially argues that Wyclif and the Lollards were far less important than historians and literary scholars have often claimed, and takes issue with recent attempts to restore Lollardy to its once conventional position as a 'cause' of the Reformation.Powerful and persuasive, The Lollards is essential reading for anyone interested in the movement's relationship to Wyclif's teachings, its social and geographical distribution, its political significance, and its impact on the English Reformation.

This book investigates the intellectual career of Bishop John Fisher (1469–1535), the early sixteenth-century bishop of Rochester and victim of Henry VIII’s Reformation, whose numerous writings included one of the most influential refutations of the century of Martin Luther. Richard Rex investigates the life and work of Fisher the scholar from his arrival in Cambridge in the 1480s to his prolonged literary campaign against Henry’s divorce from Catherine of Aragon in the years 1527–31. He traces the intellectual influences of scholasticism and humanism in his education and his subsequent career, and the way in which Fisher attempted to cope with the tensions between the authority of the church and the critical implications of humanist study. The heart of the book is concerned with Fisher’s most important works, his treatises against Luther and Oecolompadius in the 1520s. Rex draws attention to the perceptiveness and originality of his critique of Protestant doctrines, and attempts to restore one of the greatest intellectuals of early sixteenth-century England to his rightful place as a central figure in the scholarship of the age.

This book investigates the intellectual career of Bishop John Fisher (1469–1535), the early sixteenth-century bishop of Rochester and victim of Henry VIII’s Reformation, whose numerous writings included one of the most influential refutations of the century of Martin Luther. Richard Rex investigates the life and work of Fisher the scholar from his arrival in Cambridge in the 1480s to his prolonged literary campaign against Henry’s divorce from Catherine of Aragon in the years 1527–31. He traces the intellectual influences of scholasticism and humanism in his education and his subsequent career, and the way in which Fisher attempted to cope with the tensions between the authority of the church and the critical implications of humanist study. The heart of the book is concerned with Fisher’s most important works, his treatises against Luther and Oecolompadius in the 1520s. Rex draws attention to the perceptiveness and originality of his critique of Protestant doctrines, and attempts to restore one of the greatest intellectuals of early sixteenth-century England to his rightful place as a central figure in the scholarship of the age.

A major new account of the most intensely creative years of Luther's career The Making of Martin Luther takes a provocative look at the intellectual emergence of one of the most original and influential minds of the sixteenth century. Richard Rex traces how, in a concentrated burst of creative energy in the few years surrounding his excommunication by Pope Leo X in 1521, this lecturer at an obscure German university developed a startling new interpretation of the Christian faith that brought to an end the dominance of the Catholic Church in Europe. Luther's personal psychology and cultural context played their parts in the whirlwind of change he unleashed. But for the man himself, it was always about the ideas, the truth, and the Gospel. Focusing on the most intensely important years of Luther's career, Rex teases out the threads of his often paradoxical and counterintuitive ideas from the tangled thickets of his writings, explaining their significance, their interconnections, and the astonishing appeal they so rapidly developed. Yet Rex also sets these ideas firmly in the context of Luther's personal life, the cultural landscape that shaped him, and the traditions of medieval Catholic thought from which his ideas burst forth. Lucidly argued and elegantly written, The Making of Martin Luther is a splendid work of intellectual history that renders Luther's earthshaking yet sometimes challenging ideas accessible to a new generation of readers.

A major new account of the most intensely creative years of Luther's careerThe Making of Martin Luther takes a provocative look at the intellectual emergence of one of the most original and influential minds of the sixteenth century. Richard Rex traces how, in a concentrated burst of creative energy in the few years surrounding his excommunication by Pope Leo X in 1521, this lecturer at an obscure German university developed a startling new interpretation of the Christian faith that brought to an end the dominance of the Catholic Church in Europe. Lucidly argued and elegantly written, The Making of Martin Luther is a splendid work of intellectual history that renders Luther's earthshaking yet sometimes challenging ideas accessible to a new generation of readers.

An intimate history of England's most infamous royal family. The Tudor Age began in August 1485 when Henry Tudor landed with 2000 soldiers at Milford Haven intent on snatching the English throne from Richard III. This marked the beginning of a 150 years of the Tudors, one of the most colourful royal families in Britain's history from the psychotic Henry VIII to the bankrupt virgin queen, Elizabeth I. Richard Rex concentrates on the personalities of this great royal dynasty, their relations with one another and the differing efforts each made in maintaining the family's grip on the English throne.

Elizabeth I stands in the English imagination for one of the formative phases of English history. Her reign saw England transformed, at her command, from a Catholic to a Protestant country, with calcuable consequences for the history of Europe and of the world - starting with the attempted invasion by the Spanish Armada.

Elizabeth I stands in the English imagination for one of the formative phases of English history. Her reign saw England transformed, at her command, from a Catholic to a Protestant country, with incalculable consequences for the history of Europe and of the world - starting with the attempted invasion by the Spanish Armada, beaten off by the Queen's legendary naval captains. Of the five monarchs who trod the political stage of sixteenth-century England, Elizabeth was the most accomplished and versatile performer. And it is ultimately this which accounts for her enduring fascination. Richard Rex highlights the vivid and contrary personality of a Queen who could both baffle and bedazzle her subjects, her courtiers, and her rivals: at one moment flirting outrageously with a favourite or courting some foreign prince, and at another vowing perpetual virginity; at one time agonising over the execution of her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots, then ordering the slaughter of hundreds of poor men after a half-cock rebellion. Too many biographies of Elizabeth merely perpetuate the flattery she enjoyed from her courtiers, as if her dramatic repertoire was limited to the role of 'Gloriana'. This biography also reflects more critical voices, such as those of the Irish, the Catholics and those who lived on the wrong side of the emerging North/South divide. To them she showed a different face.

Investing in a new metalworking lathe is a big step for any shop (especially home shops), where there’s usually no one around to help. Once the lathe is up and running, you should theoretically be able to make the special items you previously did without (or paid through the nose for), such as shafts, plain, tapered or threaded discs, bearings, and so on. But if you are new to this, you’ll want to know a lot more than you can learn from the salesman or the manual. Does the lathe really match your needs, and if so, how much?Choosing & Using the Right Metal Shop Lathe is an essential source of information for lathe buyers and users at every level, from mini-size tabletops up to industrial machines weighing half a ton or more. It answers the question of what else you will need to get useful work from the machine. For instance, what comes as “standard equipment” with the lathe? Most include a chuck (usually a 4-jaw independent, not the self-centering 3-jaw you’ll want to use most of the time), maybe a faceplate (rarely used), and a 4-way toolholder you will probably swap right away for a more sensible design. Never included is a tailstock drill chuck, an essential accessory you will need from day one—and the same goes for actual cutting tools. Almost certainly, there won’t be a digital readout (DRO), which used to be regarded as a “maybe-someday” luxury—but not anymore.The work talks about cutting oils, cutting speeds and easier-to-machine materials, and it cautions against buying sets of anything, vs. buying the one accessory you’ll truly need. Finally, there are chapters on building a tailstock drill press, a special toolpost for easy screw cutting, and a precision grinder for lathe tools that can be made from oddments of material in a couple of days or less. Features Differentiates between the truly essential features (screw-cutting) and the nice-to-have (power feeding), spindle speed selection from a gearbox (typical) or continuously variable (more convenient).Offers advice on screw-cutting US and metric threads, and handling the machinist’s most trouble-prone actions, such as knurling and parting off.Provides a workpiece tutorial that demonstrates many of the commonplace lathe routines—ideal for first-time users.

Combining an expertise on the Tudor dynasty with an authoritative understanding of its religious and political make-up, A Short History of the Tudors provides a fresh and accessible perspective of one of the most formative periods of British history.Rex considers the ways in which the Tudors shaped the beginnings of modern England through the momentous break with Rome in a comprehensive yet balanced way. Close attention is also paid to the dismantling of the baronial system and centralisation of secular power, as well as an exploration of the break with Rome, the two pillars on which the author’s argument will rest.The book is organised chronologically and divided up into time periods, making it the ultimate companion for anyone keen to delve into the history of Britain’s most notorious dynasty.The famous and infamous key players in the Tudor age have long endured in text books and are, brought to life here by Rex. Lively portraits of John Fisher, Thomas Moore and Thomas Wolsey and Mary Queen of Scots are painted, as well as the lesser-known players like the flamboyant Robert Devereux. A leading authority on the Tudors and British religious history, Richard Rex brings to life a dynasty which continues to engages and fascinate readers.

Combining an expertise on the Tudor dynasty with an authoritative understanding of its religious and political make-up, A Short History of the Tudors provides a fresh and accessible perspective of one of the most formative periods of British history.Rex considers the ways in which the Tudors shaped the beginnings of modern England through the momentous break with Rome in a comprehensive yet balanced way. Close attention is also paid to the dismantling of the baronial system and centralisation of secular power, as well as an exploration of the break with Rome, the two pillars on which the author’s argument will rest.The book is organised chronologically and divided up into time periods, making it the ultimate companion for anyone keen to delve into the history of Britain’s most notorious dynasty.The famous and infamous key players in the Tudor age have long endured in text books and are, brought to life here by Rex. Lively portraits of John Fisher, Thomas Moore and Thomas Wolsey and Mary Queen of Scots are painted, as well as the lesser-known players like the flamboyant Robert Devereux. A leading authority on the Tudors and British religious history, Richard Rex brings to life a dynasty which continues to engages and fascinate readers.

Abandoning the traditional narrative approach to the subject, Richard Rex presents an analytical account which sets out the logic of Henry VIII's shortlived Reformation. Starting with the fundamental matter of the royal supremacy, Rex goes on to investigate the application of this principle to the English ecclesiastical establishment and to the traditional religion of the people. He then examines the extra impetus and the new direction which Henry's regime gave to the development of a vernacular and literate devotional culture, and shows how, despite Henry's best intentions, serious religious divisions had emerged in England by the end of his reign. The study emphasises the personal role of Henry VIII in driving the Reformation process and how this process, in turn, considerably reinforced the monarch's power.This updated edition of a powerful interpretation of Henry VIII's Reformation retains the analytical edge and stylish lucidity of the original text while taking full account of the latest research. An important new chapter elucidates the way in which 'politics' and 'religion' interacted in early Tudor England.

The Tudor Age began in August 1485 when Henry Tudor landed with a small force at Milford Haven intent on snatching the English throne from Richard III. For more than a hundred years England was to be dominated by the personalities of the five Tudor monarchs, ranging from the brilliance and brutality of Henry VIII to the shrewdness and vanity of the virgin queen, Elizabeth I.

Alejandro Zaera-Polo's book is a first-person account by the former dean of Princeton University's School of Architecture, an international architect who served as a professor who worked at the school for ten years. The book describes the climate of ideological suppression in an elite American university and the mechanisms involved in the process. After an accusation of plagiarism forced him to step down, Zaera-Polo sued Princeton for defamation, but remained a professor until the ideological impositions over his advisory duties forced him into a public conflict with the institution. He persisted doggedly in his claims to academic freedom and free speech and kept the records of the process for publication to document how identity politics, groupthink, deception, and peer pressure can be harnessed to curtail academic freedom and shield the inquisitors from scrutiny. Zaera-Polo tells the story of his challenge to the post-modern culture, critical theory, and the ""alternative truths"" that have taken root in American universities, a story we should all consider to preserve academic rigor and free expression on our campuses.