Kirjahaku

A rigorous and comprehensive textbook covering the major approaches to knowledge graphs, an active and interdisciplinary area within artificial intelligence.The field of knowledge graphs, which allows us to model, process, and derive insights from complex real-world data, has emerged as an active and interdisciplinary area of artificial intelligence over the last decade, drawing on such fields as natural language processing, data mining, and the semantic web. Current projects involve predicting cyberattacks, recommending products, and even gleaning insights from thousands of papers on COVID-19. This textbook offers rigorous and comprehensive coverage of the field. It focuses systematically on the major approaches, both those that have stood the test of time and the latest deep learning methods.

This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered notable attention from both industry and academia. Knowledge graphs are founded on the principle of applying a graph-based abstraction to data, and are now broadly deployed in scenarios that require integrating and extracting value from multiple, diverse sources of data at large scale.The book defines knowledge graphs and provides a high-level overview of how they are used. It presents and contrasts popular graph models that are commonly used to represent data as graphs, and the languages by which they can be queried before describing how the resulting data graph can be enhanced with notions of schema, identity, and context. The book discusses how ontologies and rules can be used to encode knowledge as well as how inductive techniques—based on statistics, graph analytics, machine learning, etc.—can be used to encode and extract knowledge. It covers techniques for the creation, enrichment, assessment, and refinement of knowledge graphs and surveys recent open and enterprise knowledge graphs and the industries or applications within which they have been most widely adopted. The book closes by discussing the current limitations and future directions along which knowledge graphs are likely to evolve.This book is aimed at students, researchers, and practitioners who wish to learn more about knowledge graphs and how they facilitate extracting value from diverse data at large scale. To make the book accessible for newcomers, running examples and graphical notation are used throughout. Formal definitions and extensive references are also provided for those who opt to delve more deeply into specific topics.

The aim of this survey is to bridge two important components of modern information access: information retrieval (IR) and knowledge graphs (KGs). Modern IR systems can benefit from information available in KGs in multiple ways, independent of whether the KGs are publicly available or proprietary ones. The authors provide an overview of the literature on KGs in the context of IR and the components required when building IR systems that leverage KGs. As an understanding of the intersection of IR and KGs is beneficial to many researchers and practitioners, they consider prior work from two complementary angles: leveraging KGs for information retrieval and enriching KGs using IR techniques. They summarize research work, group related approaches, and discuss challenges shared across tasks at the interface of IR and KGs. In Knowledge Graphs: An Information Retrieval Perspective, the authors present an extensive overview of tasks related to KGs from an IR perspective, provide a thorough review for each task, and present discussions on common issues that are shared among the tasks. They discuss common issues that appear across the tasks that consider and identify future directions for addressing them. They also provide pointers to datasets and other resources that should be useful for both newcomers and experienced researchers in the area.

This book describes methods and tools that empower information providers to build and maintain knowledge graphs, including those for manual, semi-automatic, and automatic construction; implementation; and validation and verification of semantic annotations and their integration into knowledge graphs. It also presents lifecycle-based approaches for semi-automatic and automatic curation of these graphs, such as approaches for assessment, error correction, and enrichment of knowledge graphs with other static and dynamic resources.Chapter 1 defines knowledge graphs, focusing on the impact of various approaches rather than mathematical precision. Chapter 2 details how knowledge graphs are built, implemented, maintained, and deployed. Chapter 3 then introduces relevant application layers that can be built on top of such knowledge graphs, and explains how inference can be used to define views on such graphs, making it a useful resource for open and service-oriented dialog systems. Chapter 4 discusses applications of knowledge graph technologies for e-tourism and use cases for other verticals. Lastly, Chapter 5 provides a summary and sketches directions for future work. The additional appendix introduces an abstract syntax and semantics for domain specifications that are used to adapt schema.org to specific domains and tasks.To illustrate the practical use of the approaches presented, the book discusses several pilots with a focus on conversational interfaces, describing how to exploit knowledge graphs for e-marketing and e-commerce. It is intended for advanced professionals and researchers requiring a brief introduction to knowledge graphs and their implementation.

This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered notable attention from both industry and academia. Knowledge graphs are founded on the principle of applying a graph-based abstraction to data, and are now broadly deployed in scenarios that require integrating and extracting value from multiple, diverse sources of data at large scale. The book defines knowledge graphs and provides a high-level overview of how they are used. It presents and contrasts popular graph models that are commonly used to represent data as graphs, and the languages by which they can be queried before describing how the resulting data graph can be enhanced with notions of schema, identity, and context. The book discusses how ontologies and rules can be used to encode knowledge as well as how inductive techniques—based on statistics, graph analytics, machine learning, etc.—can be used to encode and extract knowledge. It covers techniques for the creation, enrichment, assessment, and refinement of knowledge graphs and surveys recent open and enterprise knowledge graphs and the industries or applications within which they have been most widely adopted. The book closes by discussing the current limitations and future directions along which knowledge graphs are likely to evolve. This book is aimed at students, researchers, and practitioners who wish to learn more about knowledge graphs and how they facilitate extracting value from diverse data at large scale. To make the book accessible for newcomers, running examples and graphical notation are used throughout. Formal definitions and extensive references are also provided for those who opt to delve more deeply into specific topics.

Knowledge graphs help understand relationships between the objects, events, situations, and concepts in your data so you can readily identify important patterns and make better decisions. This book provides tools and techniques for efficiently labeling data, modeling a knowledge graph, and using it to derive useful insights. In Knowledge Graphs and LLMs in Action you will learn how to: Model knowledge graphs with an iterative top-down approach based in business needsCreate a knowledge graph starting from ontologies, taxonomies, and structured dataUse machine learning algorithms to hone and complete your graphsBuild knowledge graphs from unstructured text data sourcesReason on the knowledge graph and apply machine learning algorithms Move beyond analyzing data and start making decisions based on useful, contextual knowledge. The cutting-edge knowledge graphs (KG) approach puts that power in your hands. In Knowledge Graphs and LLMs in Action, you'll discover the theory of knowledge graphs and learn how to build services that can demonstrate intelligent behavior. You'll learn to create KGs from first principles and go hands-on to develop advisor applications for real-world domains like healthcare and finance. About the technology: Knowledge graphs represent a network of real-world entities—from people and places to genes and proteins—and model the relationships between them. KGs represent a real paradigm shift in the way that machines can understand data by effectively modeling the contextual information that's vital for human knowledge. They're poised to help revolutionize data analysis and machine learning, with applications ranging from search engines to e-commerce and more.

The latest advances in Artificial Intelligence and (deep) Machine Learning in particular revealed a major drawback of modern intelligent systems, namely the inability to explain their decisions in a way that humans can easily understand. While eXplainable AI rapidly became an active area of research in response to this need for improved understandability and trustworthiness, the field of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR) has on the other hand a long-standing tradition in managing information in a symbolic, human-understandable form. This book provides the first comprehensive collection of research contributions on the role of knowledge graphs for eXplainable AI (KG4XAI), and the papers included here present academic and industrial research focused on the theory, methods and implementations of AI systems that use structured knowledge to generate reliable explanations. Introductory material on knowledge graphs is included for those readers with only a minimal background in the field, as well as specific chapters devoted to advanced methods, applications and case-studies that use knowledge graphs as a part of knowledge-based, explainable systems (KBX-systems). The final chapters explore current challenges and future research directions in the area of knowledge graphs for eXplainable AI. The book not only provides a scholarly, state-of-the-art overview of research in this subject area, but also fosters the hybrid combination of symbolic and subsymbolic AI methods, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the First Iberoamerican Conference, KGSWC 2019, held in Villa Clara, Cuba, in June 2019. The 14 full papers and 1 short paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. The papers cover wide research fields including artificial intelligence; knowledge representation and reasoning; ontology engineering; natural language processing; description logics; information systems; query languages; world wide web; semantic web description languages; and information retrieval.

This open access book is part of the LAMBDA Project (Learning, Applying, Multiplying Big Data Analytics), funded by the European Union, GA No. 809965. Data Analytics involves applying algorithmic processes to derive insights. Nowadays it is used in many industries to allow organizations and companies to make better decisions as well as to verify or disprove existing theories or models. The term data analytics is often used interchangeably with intelligence, statistics, reasoning, data mining, knowledge discovery, and others. The goal of this book is to introduce some of the definitions, methods, tools, frameworks, and solutions for big data processing, starting from the process of information extraction and knowledge representation, via knowledge processing and analytics to visualization, sense-making, and practical applications. Each chapter in this book addresses some pertinent aspect of the data processing chain, with a specific focus on understanding Enterprise Knowledge Graphs, Semantic Big Data Architectures, and Smart Data Analytics solutions. This book is addressed to graduate students from technical disciplines, to professional audiences following continuous education short courses, and to researchers from diverse areas following self-study courses. Basic skills in computer science, mathematics, and statistics are required.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the Second Iberoamerican Conference, KGSWC 2020, held in Mérida, Mexico, in November 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online. The 15 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The papers cover research and practices in several fields of AI, such as knowledge representation and reasoning, natural language processing/text mining, machine/deep learning, semantic web, and knowledge graphs.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the Third Iberoamerican Conference, KGSWC 2021, held in Kingsville, Texas, USA, in November 2021.*The 22 full and 2 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. The papers cover topics related to software and its engineering, information systems, software creation and management, World Wide Web, web data description languages, and others.*Due to the Covid-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 4th Iberoamerican Conference and third Indo-American Conference on Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web, KGSWC 2022, which took place in Madrid, Spain, in November 2022.The 22 full and 3 short research papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. The papers cover topics related to software and its engineering, software creation and management, Emerging technologies, Analysis and design of emerging devices and systems, Emerging tools and methodologies and others.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th Iberoamerican Conference and 4th Indo-American Conference on Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web, KGSWC 2023, held jointly in Zaragoza, Spain, during November 13–15, 2023.The 18 full and 2 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. They focus on the following topics: knowledge representation; natural language processing/text mining; and machine/deep learning research.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Knowledge Graphs and Semantic Web, KGSWC 2024, held in Paris, France, during December 11–13, 2024. The 22 full papers and 1 short paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 58 submissions. They focus on latest scientific results and technology innovations related to the Knowledge Graphs and the Semantic Web.

This book constitutes the combined refereed proceedings of ISWC Satellite Wor shops KEKIand NLP&DBpedia 2016 which were held in conjunction with ISWC 2016 in Kobe, Japan, inOctober 2016. The 9 papers presented were carefully selected and reviewed from 20submissions. They focus on the use of linguistic linked open data, the linguistic aspectsof DBpedia, the improvement of of DBpedia through NLP applications, on increasing theNLP applications through integrating knowledge from DPpedia.

Incredibly useful, knowledge graphs help organizations keep track of medical research, cybersecurity threat intelligence, GDPR compliance, web user engagement, and much more. They do so by saving interlinked descriptions of entities (objects, events, situations, or abstract concepts) while encoding the semantics underlying the terminology. How do you create a knowledge graph? And how do you move it from theory into practice? Using hands-on examples, this practical book shows data scientists and data practitioners how to build their own custom knowledge graphs. Authors Jesus Barrasa and Jim Webber from Neo4j illustrate patterns commonly used for building knowledge graphs that solve many of today's pressing problems. You'll quickly discover how these graphs become exponentially more useful as you add more data. Learn the organizing principles necessary to build a knowledge graph Explore how graph databases serve as a foundation for knowledge graphs Understand how to import structured and unstructured data into your graph Follow examples to build integration-and-search knowledge graphs Understand what pattern detection knowledge graphs help you accomplish Explore dependency knowledge graphs through examples Use examples of natural language knowledge graphs and chatbots

Since the development of the semantic web, knowledge graphs (KGs) have been used by search engines, knowledge-engines and question-answering services as well as social networks. A knowledge graph, also known as a semantic network, represents and illustrates a network of real-world entities such as objects, events, situations, or concepts and the relationships between them. This information is usually stored in a graph database and visualized as a graph structure, prompting the term "knowledge graph". Knowledge graphs structure the information of entities, their properties and the relation between them. Personal knowledge graphs (PKG) encode the same information at an individual level and therefore vary widely. PKGs require the processing of each person's individual information and is constructed in an automated fashion. Once a PKG is constructed, it will be integrated in broader purpose KGs. A PKG is a representation of all relevant common-sense knowledge and personal data for a user and can support the development of innovative applications such as a digitalized personalized coach. It empowers stakeholders to make more effective decisions. This book explores in a structured manner the global advanced research around PKGs to support the development of innovative digitalized personalized applications such as personal banking, personalized book-keeping, daily health-related activities monitoring and goal management tracking. The authors present methodologies, tools and applications including innovative topics tailored for PKGs such as named entity recognition and linking, construction approaches, modelling of personalization and context-awareness, evaluation approaches, relation extraction techniques, query answering in user specific knowledge graphs, knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR), visualization tools, integration tools and techniques, and fact summarization. The book provides systematic coverage of this complex topic for researchers, scientists and engineers in both industry and academia working in data science, ICTs, knowledge engineering, semantic web, reasoning, information retrieval, and machine and deep learning with a focus on knowledge graphs. Advanced students with an interest in the field will also find this to be a useful resource.