This book describes the period in Jamaica's history that follows the abolition of slavery, up to the introduction of universal adult suffrage. These years are the least studied period of Jamaica's modern history, and Bryan provides a penetrating analysis of the social, intellectual and political history of this era. Crown colony government, law and order, religious and social structure, labour, health and poor relief, the black middle class and the ideas of the black intelligentsia are explored in the context of race, class and ethnicity.
This is the first scholarly biography of Edward Philip George Seaga, retired prime minister of Jamaica (1980-1989) and former leader of the Jamaica Labour Party (1974-2005). Patrick Bryan examines Seaga in light of the twentieth-century history of Jamaica, which experienced the challenges of race, colour, economic dependence, the transition from the British colonial period to independence in 1962, and the challenges of creating a Jamaican national state and separate cultural identity. Although the study focuses on Edward Seaga, the historical forces that shaped Jamaica's history are central, in particular the way in which he confronted these forces. In placing Seaga in historical perspective, this work strikes a seasoned and balanced analysis of the man and is neither an apologia nor iconoclastic. Based on a variety of primary sources, government records, interviews and secondary sources, the author paints a compelling portrait of a complex man, a contradictory mixture of idealism and pragmatism, but, above all, a Jamaican nationalist who had a profound impact on Jamaican politics, tourism, culture and finance.
This is the first scholarly biography of Edward Philip George Seaga, retired prime minister of Jamaica (1980–1989) and former leader of the Jamaica Labour Party (1974–2005). Patrick Bryan examines Seaga in light of the twentieth-century history of Jamaica, which experienced the challenges of race, colour, economic dependence, the transition from the British colonial period to independence in 1962, and the challenges of creating a Jamaican national state and separate cultural identity. Although the study focuses on Edward Seaga, the historical forces that shaped Jamaica’s history are central, in particular the way in which he confronted these forces. In placing Seaga in historical perspective, this work strikes a seasoned and balanced analysis of the man and is neither an apologia nor iconoclastic. Based on a variety of primary sources, government records, interviews and secondary sources, the author paints a compelling portrait of a complex man, a contradictory mixture of idealism and pragmatism, but, above all, a Jamaican nationalist who had a profound impact on Jamaican politics, tourism, culture and finance.
The foundation in 1965 of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Jamaica (ICAJ) was the fruit of agitation by Jamaican nationalists to create an indigenous accounting institution, which would give greater opportunity to Jamaicans and replace expatriate with Jamaican accountants, trained and examined by the ICAJ. Durable associations with the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, the University of the West Indies and the University of Technology (formerly the College of Arts, Science and Technology) have shaped the ICAJ's evolution as an educational institution. The ICAJ also added to its role of training accountants that of advising accountancy professionals, making an input into government policy and informing public opinion. The Institute, responding to initiatives that encouraged closer Caribbean cooperation, was very active in the establishment of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of the Caribbean. The original membership of twenty men in 1965 has risen to over one thousand members, almost equally divided between men and women.
This book is intended as a thoughtful extension to Bachman et al.'s well-received monograph Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use in Young Adulthood. That volume showed that the new freedoms of young adulthood lead to increases in substance use, while the responsibilities of adulthood--marriage, pregnancy, parenthood--contribute to declines in substance use. The Decline of Substance Use in Young Adulthood examines how the changes in social and religious experiences and in attitudes toward substance use observed among young adults are related to changes in substance use, family transitions, living arrangements, college experience, and employment. The research uses a variety of analysis techniques and is based on the nationwide Monitoring the Future surveys of more than 38,000 young people followed from high school into adulthood. The research covers the last quarter of the 20th century, a period when drug use and views about drugs underwent many important changes. In spite of these shifts, the overall patterns of relationships reported in this book are impressive in their consistency across time and in their general similarity for men and women.Specific questions addressed include the following: *As young adults experience new freedoms and responsibilities, do their attitudes about drugs change? *Do their religious views and behaviors shift? *Do their new freedoms and responsibilities affect the amount of time they spend in social activities, including going to parties and bars? *And how are any of these changes linked to changes in cigarette use, alcohol use, marijuana use, and cocaine use?
This book is intended as a thoughtful extension to Bachman et al.'s well-received monograph Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use in Young Adulthood. That volume showed that the new freedoms of young adulthood lead to increases in substance use, while the responsibilities of adulthood--marriage, pregnancy, parenthood--contribute to declines in substance use. The Decline of Substance Use in Young Adulthood examines how the changes in social and religious experiences and in attitudes toward substance use observed among young adults are related to changes in substance use, family transitions, living arrangements, college experience, and employment. The research uses a variety of analysis techniques and is based on the nationwide Monitoring the Future surveys of more than 38,000 young people followed from high school into adulthood. The research covers the last quarter of the 20th century, a period when drug use and views about drugs underwent many important changes. In spite of these shifts, the overall patterns of relationships reported in this book are impressive in their consistency across time and in their general similarity for men and women.Specific questions addressed include the following: *As young adults experience new freedoms and responsibilities, do their attitudes about drugs change? *Do their religious views and behaviors shift? *Do their new freedoms and responsibilities affect the amount of time they spend in social activities, including going to parties and bars? *And how are any of these changes linked to changes in cigarette use, alcohol use, marijuana use, and cocaine use?
First published in 1976. This study is perhaps the most comprehensive, objective, and accurate analysis to date of the State Department's Foreign Service personnel system. Largely based on in-depth interviews of 330 Foreign Service officers ranging in rank from career minister to newly appointed officer, and extensively documented, the book examines the needs of the Foreign Service organization and its personnel and presents an analysis of the policies and procedures according to which it operates. Areas covered include recruitment, training, assignments, performance evaluation, promotions, and attrition. Also discussed in detail is the structure and functioning of the informal system of rules and regulations developed by Foreign Service officers; individuals use this system-which is outside of the prescribed channels--in attempting to influence their career development. Despite its specialized orientation, the study utilizes a methodology that can be applied to any large organization.
First published in 1976. This study is perhaps the most comprehensive, objective, and accurate analysis to date of the State Department's Foreign Service personnel system. Largely based on in-depth interviews of 330 Foreign Service officers ranging in rank from career minister to newly appointed officer, and extensively documented, the book examines the needs of the Foreign Service organization and its personnel and presents an analysis of the policies and procedures according to which it operates. Areas covered include recruitment, training, assignments, performance evaluation, promotions, and attrition. Also discussed in detail is the structure and functioning of the informal system of rules and regulations developed by Foreign Service officers; individuals use this system-which is outside of the prescribed channels--in attempting to influence their career development. Despite its specialized orientation, the study utilizes a methodology that can be applied to any large organization.
Patrick E. McGovern takes us on a fascinating journey through time to the dawn of brewing when our ancestors might well have made a Palaeo-Brew of fruits, honey, cereals and botanicals. Early beverage-makers must have marvelled at the process of fermentation, their amazement growing as they drank the mind-altering drinks which were to become the medicines, religious symbols and social lubricants of later cultures. McGovern circles the globe—to China, Turkey, Egypt, Italy, Scandinavia, Honduras, Peru and Mexico—interweaving archaeology and science to tell stories of making liquid time capsules. Accompanying homebrew interpretations and matching meal recipes help bring the past alive, as our senses and imaginations travel “Back to the Future”.
In a lively tour around the world and through the millennia, "Uncorking the Past" tells the compelling story of humanity's ingenious, intoxicating quest for the perfect drink. Following a tantalizing trail of archaeological, chemical, artistic, and textual clues, Patrick E. McGovern, the leading authority on ancient alcoholic beverages, brings us up to date on what we now know about how humans created and enjoyed fermented beverages across cultures. Along the way, he explores a provocative hypothesis about the integral role such libations have played in human evolution. We discover, for example, that the cereal staples of the modern world were probably domesticated for their potential in making quantities of alcoholic beverages. These include the delectable rice wines of China and Japan, the corn beers of the Americas, and the millet and sorghum drinks of Africa. Humans also learned how to make mead from honey and wine from exotic fruits of all kinds - even from the sweet pulp of the cacao (chocolate) fruit in the New World. The perfect drink, it turns out - whether it be mind-altering, medicinal, a religious symbol, a social lubricant, or artistic inspiration - has not only been a profound force in history, but may be fundamental to the human condition itself.
The Master Managers Handbook is an interrupter of the traditional religious institutions and pastoral rule; it has forgone the norms of editorial grammatical edits. The messenger of truth is a core belief system that is simple, built, and rooted in faith.Everything starts with a belief. Yet, we were born without a manual, but this handbook is an insightful guide filled with nuggets of inspiration and knowledge that addresses real-life situations in real-time.It is a secret to the hidden things and interpretations of reality. It causes pause on the current understanding and questions your knowledge to the right path of your philosophy and ideologies, and it exploits the obvious.It is considered a hundred-year work; it introduces mind fusion and creates enlightenment of higher intelligence's internal energy, accelerating change.From the beginning of this book, the facts are compelling. It completes and fixes the voids and brings focus to the Trinity of man. It breaks down the flow of a living mindset and acts as a "Mind Traffic Flow System," delegating, deleting, and resetting the daily choices for life purposes.The "Mind Traffic Flow Chart" enclosed inside the manual will show how the first and only "Mind Traffic Flow Chart" helps you instantly govern and manage your reactions to situations. It is not a Paradigm Shift, Manifest, The Secret, or Positive Mental Attitude; It is "Mind Fusion." I wish I would have known this truth 51 years ago when I first accepted Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. I feel robbed of all the benefits I could have had. If only I had known the "whole truth" about engaging the Spirit without religious, church doctrine. Only one fact was sound to this date, Jesus Christ is a personal savior. God did not intend for us to guess our way through life. But, for sure, God is real, and all power is in Jesus Christ, who is alive in us. The Holy Spirit is in us and is our teacher. Our lives here are brief, and I don't want to spend it all on reading instead of being led by the Spirit.Without God, there is no hope; this is what I believe. Following convictions by emotions is not Faith. It is in the knowledge of your Faith in action that is the source of all power. When this truth is understood, your waiting on God is over; he becomes alive and active in you. God himself is your strength because he is already present within you if you truly understand him. Matthew 7:7, God said to ask, and give it to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will open the door to you. Everyone who asks receives and seeks finds, and to him who knocks, the door will open. 2 Corinth 1:20 His promises are yes, and amen. But John 14 confirms everything about our relationship with him.Believe it or not, you are already in the mansion. You do not know it yet. When Jesus was on the cross and said, "it is finished," it was finished. All power was in his hands, and he gave this power to you through the crucifixion. We should live by foundational truths provided by our core belief system. With a proper understanding and knowledge of what we truly believe, we have a purpose. Still, it is your responsibility to seek it out, which comes through being led by the Spirit, and you will become hungry for knowledge. A seed in an apple has its DNA to multiply and produce after its kind; its information, "preloaded," from the inception of creation; no one must tell it to become an apple. So, are we?The creator has given navigational tools to every human alive today and critical laws for every life event. These laws are external and cannot be changed, so we must learn to adapt because they are the pathways and the keys to a more productive life. They will develop your core belief system and accelerate immediate responses to any situation. What you believe is the anchor to your truth, and your core belief system.
A richly illustrated account of the story of ancient vinicultureThe history of civilization is, in many ways, the history of wine. This book is the first comprehensive account of the earliest stages of the history and prehistory of viniculture, which extends back into the Neolithic period and beyond. Elegantly written and richly illustrated, Ancient Wine opens up whole new chapters in the fascinating story of wine by drawing on recent archaeological discoveries, molecular and DNA sleuthing, and the writings and art of ancient peoples. In a new afterword, the author discusses exciting recent developments in the understanding of ancient wine, including a new theory of how viniculture came to central and northern Europe.
