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Kant on Freedom and Rational Agency

Kant on Freedom and Rational Agency

Markus Kohl

Oxford University Press
2023
sidottu
Kant on Freedom and Rational Agency provides a novel interpretation and rational reconstruction of Kant's doctrine of freedom. Markus Kohl shows how Kant defends the belief that we are free from foreign (natural and super-natural) causes as a presupposition of all meaningful human activity. While this interpretation focuses on the essential role that freedom of will plays in our moral agency, it also examines how our status as rational cognitive agents hinges on our freedom of thought, and why our aesthetic engagement with beauty requires our freedom of imagination. Kohl thereby gives a compelling sense of Kant's estimation that freedom is a "cardinal point"--even the "keystone"--of his entire critical philosophy. Kant's doctrine of freedom emerges in this account as a systematic critique of a naturalistic worldview which regards all our capacities, representations, and actions as the causal upshot of natural laws and forces. Kant holds that the naturalistic worldview fatally undermines our self-conception as rational agents. This critique of naturalism culminates in the argument that naturalistic cognizers cannot explain away our freedom from natural forces because they must presuppose such a freedom in their own cognitive efforts to devise rationally valid naturalistic theories.
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The Concept of Investment in ICSID Arbitration

The Concept of Investment in ICSID Arbitration

Markus Petsche

Oxford University Press
2023
sidottu
This book explores the meaning of 'investment' within the context of International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) arbitration. It provides a comprehensive and detailed examination of the various legal issues arising in connection with the jurisdictional requirement of the existence of an investment. It explores, first of all, the fundamental question of whether the term 'investment' in Art. 25 ICSID Convention has - despite not being defined - some objective or independent meaning. Second, it addresses the substance of that meaning, showing that three main approaches (the prevailing Salini test, the permissibility test, and the commercial-transaction test) co-exist in arbitral practice. Third, it analyses the definitions of 'investment' found in investment treaties including the traditional definitional model, typical requirements, and recent developments in practice. Fourth, it provides an overview of definitions contained in domestic investment laws, highlighting commonalities with, and differences from, definitions found in investment treaties. Finally, it examines the investment status of several specific categories of assets and operations. The Concept of Investment in ICSID Arbitration offers not only a detailed analysis of the relevant case law, legislation, and scholarship, but also a critical assessment of existing practices and trends, as well as normative recommendations. It also explores issues that are neglected in the existing literature, such as the question of the nature of investment, recent trends in treaty drafting and arbitral case law, and definitions of 'investment' contained in investment laws. Despite its formal focus on ICSID arbitration, significant portions of the book are also relevant for other forms of investor-state arbitration.
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Pharmaceutical Knowledge Commons for the Most Neglected Populations in Global Health

Pharmaceutical Knowledge Commons for the Most Neglected Populations in Global Health

Markus Fraundorfer

Oxford University Press
2025
sidottu
In Pharmaceutical Knowledge Commons for the Most Neglected Populations in Global Health Fraundorfer presents an in-depth study of how the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) has reshaped the global politics of neglected tropical diseases over the past twenty years. By weaving together concepts from different academic disciplines (commons, common goods, orchestration, and healthcare innovation ecosystems) into a novel theoretical framework for the analysis of transformational change in global health, the author argues that DNDi has orchestrated pharmaceutical knowledge commons to produce novel treatments and other knowledge for neglected tropical diseases as common goods. Focusing on three neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that have particularly affected neglected populations in the global south - Chagas disease, the leishmaniases, and sleeping sickness - this volume examines the strengths and weaknesses of DNDi's collaborative governance model and illustrates how pharmaceutical knowledge commons help conceptualize processes of innovative transformation in global health to serve the common good. The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) was created in 2003 and developed a not-for-profit approach that would put neglected patients, rather than profits, first. In the past two decades, DNDi has consolidated its alternative pharmaceutical model, showing how to develop novel treatments for a range of neglected tropical diseases and empower R&D (research and development) communities from NTD-endemic countries. Despite these achievements, DNDi's political role in global health has remained underexplored.
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Blaming Bureaucracy

Blaming Bureaucracy

Markus Hinterleitner

Oxford University Press
2025
sidottu
Political life in advanced democracies is steeped in negativity towards bureaucracy. Politicians, parties, and the media routinely blame the bureaucracy for all kinds of political, social, or economic problems. Whenever there is controversy to be processed, bureaucracy is often the scapegoat. While one might expect this negativity to be due to the bureaucracy's actual performance, or simply a reflection of more general frustrations with democracy, the truth lies elsewhere. We don't blame the bureaucracy so much because its performance is so poor or because we're fed up with how things are run in our countries, but rather because democracies are characterized by dynamics and discourses in which the bureaucracy almost “automatically” finds itself at the receiving end of blame. This book is the first to unpack these dynamics. For many actors, blaming the bureaucracy is the most convenient thing to do in controversial and conflictual situations-of which there are many in modern democracies. Bureaucracy is everyone's favorite scapegoat because it can be plausibly blamed for almost anything and because it is unlikely to fight back. Unfortunately, the bureaucracy is far too valuable to be everyone's punching bag. Rampant bureaucracy blaming undermines administrative performance and creates a public discourse in which a weak and curtailed bureaucracy becomes popular. Because bureaucracy blaming threatens to dismantle the very structures that sustain our democracies, this problematic political activity deserves our full attention.
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Building an International Financial Services Firm

Building an International Financial Services Firm

Markus Venzin

Oxford University Press
2009
sidottu
A new era of global banking and insurance is emerging, with leading banks eager to serve international markets. This book explores the issues that arise for banks in their strategic choices as they move into these new international markets. Building an International Financial Services Firm challenges conventional assumptions from the international management literature on topics such as the limits of globalization, the importance of cultural and institutional distance, the nature of economies of scale and scope, the existence of first mover advantages, the logic behind the global value chain configuration, the speed and timing of market entry, as well as organizational architecture. It focuses on fundamental strategic decisions such as when, where, and how to enter foreign markets and how to design the organizational architecture of the multinational financial services firm. Using simple theoretical frameworks illustrated by case examples, this book provides a thorough guide to the challenges of the international market for financial services firms, both for those working in the financial services industry, and researchers studying the area.
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Criminal Law

Criminal Law

Markus Dubber; Tatjana Hörnle

Oxford University Press
2014
sidottu
Criminal Law: A Comparative Approach presents a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the substantive criminal law of two major jurisdictions: the United States and Germany. Presupposing no familiarity with either U.S. or German criminal law, the book will provide criminal law scholars and students with a rich comparative understanding of criminal law's foundations and central doctrines. All foreign-language sources have been translated into English; cases and materials are accompanied by heavily cross-referenced introductions and notes that place them within the framework of each country's criminal law system and highlight issues ripe for comparative analysis. Divided into three parts, the book covers foundational issues - such as constitutional limits on the criminal law - before tackling the major features of the general part of the criminal law and a selection of offences in the special part. Throughout, readers are exposed to alternative approaches to familiar problems in criminal law, and as a result will have a chance to see a given country's criminal law doctrine, on specific issues and in general, from the critical distance of comparative analysis.
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Secularism and Religion-Making

Secularism and Religion-Making

Markus Dressler; Arvind Mandair

Oxford University Press Inc
2011
nidottu
This book conceives of "religion-making" broadly as the multiple ways in which social and cultural phenomena are configured and reconfigured within the matrix of a world-religion discourse that is historically and semantically rooted in particular Western and predominantly Christian experiences, knowledges, and institutions. It investigates how religion is universalized and certain ideas, social formations, and practices rendered "religious" are thus integrated in and subordinated to very particular - mostly liberal-secular - assumptions about the relationship between history, politics, and religion. The individual contributions, written by a new generation of scholars with decisively interdisciplinary approaches, examine the processes of translation and globalization of historically specific concepts and practices of religion - and its dialectical counterpart, the secular - into new contexts. This volume contributes to the relatively new field of thought that aspires to unravel the thoroughly intertwined relationships between religion and secularism as modern concepts.
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Secularism and Religion-Making

Secularism and Religion-Making

Markus Dressler; Arvind Mandair

Oxford University Press Inc
2011
sidottu
This book conceives of "religion-making" broadly as the multiple ways in which social and cultural phenomena are configured and reconfigured within the matrix of a world-religion discourse that is historically and semantically rooted in particular Western and predominantly Christian experiences, knowledges, and institutions. It investigates how religion is universalized and certain ideas, social formations, and practices rendered "religious" are thus integrated in and subordinated to very particular - mostly liberal-secular - assumptions about the relationship between history, politics, and religion. The individual contributions, written by a new generation of scholars with decisively interdisciplinary approaches, examine the processes of translation and globalization of historically specific concepts and practices of religion - and its dialectical counterpart, the secular - into new contexts. This volume contributes to the relatively new field of thought that aspires to unravel the thoroughly intertwined relationships between religion and secularism as modern concepts.
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Writing Religion

Writing Religion

Markus Dressler

Oxford University Press Inc
2013
sidottu
Markus Dressler tells the story of how a number of marginalized socioreligious communities, traditionally and derogatorily referred to as Kizilbas (''Redhead''), captured the attention of the late Ottoman and early Republican Turkish nationalists and were gradually integrated into the newly formulated identity of secular Turkish nationalists. In the late 1980s, the Alevis (roughly 15-20% of the population), at that time thought to be mostly assimilated into the secular Turkish mainstream, began to assert their difference as they never had before. As Dressler demonstrates, they began a revitalization and reformation of Alevi institutions and networks, demanded an end to social and institutional discrimination, and claimed recognition as a community distinct from the Sunni majority population. Both in Turkey and in countries with a significant Turkish migrant population, such as Germany, the ''Alevi question,'' which comprises matters of representation and relation to the state, as well as questions of cultural and religious location, has in the last two decades become a matter of public interest. Alevism is often assumed to be part of the Islamic tradition, although located on its margins - margins marked with indigenous terms such as Sufi and Shia, or with outside qualifiers such as 'heterodox' and 'syncretistic.' It is further assumed that Alevism is an intrinsic part of Anatolian and Turkish culture, carrying ancient Turkish heritage back beyond Anatolia and into the depths of the Central Asian Turkish past. Dressler argues that this knowledge about the Alevis, their demarcation as ''heterodox'' but Muslim, and their status as an intrinsic part of Turkish culture, is in fact much more recent. That knowledge can be traced back to the last years of the Ottoman Empire and the first years of the Turkish Republic, which was the decisive period of the formation of the Turkish nation state. Dressler contends that the Turkish nationalist reading of Alevism emerged as an anti-thesis to earlier Western interpretations. Both the initial Western/Orientalist discovery of the Alevis and their re-signification by Turkish nationalists are the cornerstones of the modern genealogy of the Alevism of Turkey. It is time, according to Dressler, for the origins of the Alevis to be demythologized.
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A Land of Milk and Butter

A Land of Milk and Butter

Markus Lampe; Paul Sharp

University of Chicago Press
2018
sidottu
How and why does Denmark have one of the richest, most equal, and happiest societies in the world today? Historians have often pointed to developments from the late nineteenth century, when small peasant farmers worked together through agricultural cooperatives, whose exports of butter and bacon rapidly gained a strong foothold on the British market. This book presents a radical retelling of this story, placing (largely German-speaking) landed elites--rather than the Danish peasantry--at center stage. After acquiring estates in Denmark, these elites imported and adapted new practices from outside the kingdom, thus embarking on an ambitious program of agricultural reform and sparking a chain of events that eventually led to the emergence of Denmark's famous peasant cooperatives in 1882. A Land of Milk and Butter presents a new interpretation of the origin of these cooperatives with striking implications for developing countries today.
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A Personal Bounty

A Personal Bounty

Markus Matthews

Mark Matthews
2019
pokkari
Zack Stevens, hero-turned-bounty-hunter, and his team of misfits are back When Zack's best friend, Police Sergeant Rob Quinn, ends up on life support and another Hamilton police officer is killed after responding to a break-in, Zack vows to bring the criminals to justice.He quickly learns that these thieves are anything but common. They have high-tech armored suits, can burn through locks and safes in seconds, toss smartphones which explode and are able to seemingly vanish into thin air.When similar crimes happen in Asia and Europe by people dressed in the same type of armor and logos, Zack realizes that this local crime is part of something much bigger. He and his team must go up against an international criminal syndicate and it will take every ounce of their wits and abilities just to survive...
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A Bounty of Evil

A Bounty of Evil

Markus Matthews

Mark Matthews
2019
pokkari
Air elemental Zack Stevens is on a roll. His bounty-hunting business is thriving, he's survived a battle with a master vampire, and he's taken on four new partners: an introspective Werepanther, a hyper (and distractible) vampire, an inventive Mr. Hyde-type creature, and a shadow-traveling blue alien with a penchant for Full Metal Jacket.They've chosen their first case: Someone--or something--is murdering humans across the vast and sparsely populated forests of northern Ontario. The pattern is random, the crime scenes are gruesome, and there is little evidence to lead the team to an answer.But where there's a will, there's a way, and Zack and his motley crew are determined to discover it. As they begin to unravel the mystery, however, they find themselves facing a foe so cunning and deadly, they fear they'll never be ready for it.To stop the killings--and collect the $2.5 million bounty--they'll need help from a few new friends, hoping all the while that their first case doesn't become their last ...
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A Bounty with Strings

A Bounty with Strings

Markus Matthews

Mark Matthews
2019
pokkari
It's been six years since the Hamilton Hurricane patrolled the skies above Hamilton, Ontario. The thirty-three-year-old once used his elemental powers of Air and Lightning to protect the city from natural disasters, super villains, and criminals. Unfortunately, crime fighting didn't pay the bills, so he hung up his spandex. Now known as bounty hunter Zack Stevens, he spends his time hunting monsters for money. While on the trail of a wanted Earth elemental, Zack finds he's not the only one interested in the job. A Werepanther, a crazy vampire, a Mr. Hyde-type creature, and a blue-skinned alien attempt the bounty, and Zack helps clean up the mess, leaving him with a sense of responsibility for this odd crew who are now homeless and injured. Thanks to a multimillion-dollar contract on one of their group, the hunters become the hunted, and Zack and his new acquaintances strike up an alliance. He has always worked alone but must find a way to lead his ragtag crew if they are to survive attacks by the underworld they fight against. A Bounty with Strings leads readers on a fast-paced adventure starring an unlikely group of companions who must learn to trust each other even as they work to outwit those who would destroy them.
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Bounty Calls

Bounty Calls

Markus Matthews

Mark Matthews
2020
pokkari
In this short story collection/novel hybrid, business is booming for Air Elemental Zack Stevens and his team of bounty hunters. As they clear bounty after bounty, Zack wonders if this uptick in cases is just good fortune or is there something more sinister at play? Seventeen different short stories set in the Bounty universe, including -- Liv and Zack deal with a zombie outbreak.- Alteea the pixie deals with an intruder who disturbs her beauty sleep.- The team confronts a pack of outlaw Werewolf bikers.- Liv and Bree fight satanic cultists in the woods.- Zack and the gang stop a rampaging stone golem.- Blue is hexed by a witch.- Zack wrecks two different golf courses.- Stella saves the day when a young Enhanced Individual suddenly comes into her powers.- Bree and Zack try to save downtown Hamilton from an angry ogress.And many more...Join the action as Zack and his team go on one wild ride after another.
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A Bounty of Fury

A Bounty of Fury

Markus Matthews

Tellwell Talent
2022
pokkari
An old foe has returned and is looking for vengeance. After being attacked twice, Zack and his team are back on their heels but not out.Now the race is on. Zack and his team need to find their mysterious enemy and bring them to justice before they finish the team off for good.The trail leads them all over the globe, and they'll have to use all their skills and resources to triumph over this dangerous foe.Will Zack and his team be able to overcome the odds and survive?If you love fast-paced Urban Fantasy novels with vivid characters and a touch of humor, A Bounty of Fury is one that you can't afford to miss.A Bounty of Fury is the sixth book in The Bounty Series.
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A Bounty of Darkness

A Bounty of Darkness

Markus Matthews

Tellwell Talent
2022
pokkari
A wave of crimes and odd occurrences have the citizens of Hamilton scared.As the bodies start piling up - and one grizzly murder hits close to home - Zack is worried there is more to this case than he first suspected.The trail leads to a creature of legend who they believe is searching for a missing piece of a powerful magic artifact that could shatter the very balance of life itself. But Zack and his team can't get anyone to believe them.The race is on. Can Zack and his team find the missing piece first and prevent the creature from its goal of ultimate power?If you love Urban Fantasy with a light touch of humor, then A Bounty of Darkness is one that you can't afford to miss.
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The Misfit Bounty

The Misfit Bounty

Markus Matthews

Tellwell Talent
2023
pokkari
With the team on hiatus, his strange new Ice powers, and being recently dumped, Zack could use a break. A new love interest, though, has a troubled past, which soon catches up to both of them, and they end up together in mortal danger. Zack's only hopes to survive are his wits and his unfamiliar Ice powers. Not only does love hurt but, in this case, it may be fatal.Can Zack control his new powers enough to deal with this deadly threat? He'd better or this case could very well be his last.If you are a fan of action with a dash of humor mixed in, this is one urban fantasy novel you don't want to miss.Do yourself a favor and check out The Misfit Bounty today
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Villagers and Lords in Eastern Europe, 1300-1800

Villagers and Lords in Eastern Europe, 1300-1800

Markus Cerman

Red Globe Press
2012
nidottu
This new study provides an up-to-date survey of social and economic developments in early modern Eastern European rural societies. Markus Cerman revises the traditional images of mighty lords and poor, powerless 'serf peasants', discussing the theories which led to the assumption that serfdom existed throughout the region.Cerman contrasts the interpretation of a long-term backwardness with a fresh view of the legal, social and economic status of villagers, their living standards and their role in actively shaping rural communities. Featuring helpful tables, a glossary and a comprehensive bibliography, this is a stimulating reassessment for anyone studying this period and often neglected topic in European history.
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Public Security in the Negotiated State

Public Security in the Negotiated State

Markus-Michael Müller

Palgrave Macmillan
2011
sidottu
Policing and security governance in areas of limited statehood have become central issues in contemporary academic and political debates. This book offers an in-depth study on public security provision, the resulting state-society relations, and policing in Mexico City.
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