This book examines the history of the supranational authority of the papal government, including its military policies, and global arbitrations. As nations are getting more interdependent and wars potentially more destructive, a global mediating organization became a necessity in our time. In centuries past the papal government exercised the function of arbitrating among nations, censuring sovereigns, and ensuring political legitimacy as understood at the time. The papacy had all the attributes of a world government: a chief executive, taxing authority, armed forces, enforceable laws, courts of justice, authority over national governments, and global reach. Rulers recognized the universal scope of papal authority, and applied to the papal throne for a royal crown, for military assitance, and for validation of world-wide colonial spheres.
This easy-to-use handbook is an essential resource for anyone who needs to write English correspondence for an international business audience. In an engaging, accessible style it integrates the theory and controversies of intercultural communication with the practical skills of writing and editing English for those who read it as a second language. The book emphasizes principles of simplicity and clarity, proper etiquette, cultural sensitivity, appropriate layout and typography, and more to increase the chances that a text prepared by a native English speaker will be better understood by a non-native speaker. It also updates traditional advice with new insights into "e-mail culture." Equally useful for students and professionals in business communication, marketing communication, and international business, The Elements of International English Style is filled with realistic examples, problems, and projects, including: 57 specific tactics to internationalize one's English; hundreds of before-and-after comparisons showing the effects of editing for an international audience; models of international correspondence; practical discussion questions and work projects; useful resources for further study, including books, articles, and websites.
This easy-to-use handbook is an essential resource for anyone who needs to write English correspondence for an international business audience. In an engaging, accessible style it integrates the theory and controversies of intercultural communication with the practical skills of writing and editing English for those who read it as a second language. The book emphasizes principles of simplicity and clarity, proper etiquette, cultural sensitivity, appropriate layout and typography, and more to increase the chances that a text prepared by a native English speaker will be better understood by a non-native speaker. It also updates traditional advice with new insights into "e-mail culture." Equally useful for students and professionals in business communication, marketing communication, and international business, The Elements of International English Style is filled with realistic examples, problems, and projects, including: 57 specific tactics to internationalize one's English; hundreds of before-and-after comparisons showing the effects of editing for an international audience; models of international correspondence; practical discussion questions and work projects; useful resources for further study, including books, articles, and websites.
This important volume brings together findings in the psychological and medical treatment of sex offenders. It disseminates research from experts around the world in the field of sex offender treatment, making this knowledge available to researchers and clinicians everywhere. Professionals struggling to find effective methods for treating their patients will find Sex Offender Treatment a valuable tool for their daily work.Chapters in Sex Offender Treatment cover a variety of topics. Authors examine such areas as psychodynamic and psychiatric disorders associated with the sex offender, findings on pharmacologic interventions, treatment techniques and the public perception of sex offender treatment, and cautionary notes for those who provide therapy for sex offenders. Within these areas, some specific themes addressed include:types of personality disorders and implications for more effective treatment the effectiveness of antiandrogen treatment and the promising results of other pharmacotherapies techniques for developing insight in incest perpetrators a study of adult male incest offenders’perceptions of the treatment process an adolescent treatment program using a family communication approach hypotheses regarding sexual offenders and men who batter, using psychodynamic and feminist theoryFull of practical strategies and useful information, Sex Offender Treatment is a book professionals will reach for again and again.
Gain a better understanding of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of sex offenders, their crimes, and the treatments that can help them.The treatment of sexual offenders varies from culture to culture and nation to nation. Sexual Offender Treatment: Biopsychosocial Perspectives assists sex therapists, counselors, psychiatrists, and psychologists working in sex offender treatment around the world in providing more effective services. This book looks at the behavior of sexual offenders and offers treatment approaches that will stimulate your thinking and help you improve your research and treatment methodologies.This valuable and informative book introduces and discusses the formation of the new International Association for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders, which will advance the existing knowledge about the nature of sexual offenders and sexual offenses, work to improve treatment methods and disseminate information about improved methods, and scientifically evaluate therapeutic methods advocate for the right of sex offenders to effective treatment.Sexual Offender Treatment: Biopsychosocial Perspectives presents an overview of recent research in the treatment of sexual offenders as presented at the 5th International Conference on the Treatment of Sexual Offenders in 1998 in Caracas, Venezuela. This book explores:the recently revised Standards of Care for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders self-perceived aggression in relation to brain abnormalities in a sample of incarcerated sexual offenders self-concepts and interpersonal perceptions of sexual offenders in relation to brain abnormalities brain abnormalities and violent behavior group family interventions for the treatment of adult male child molesters the experiences of adult and adolescent female sex offenders a 7 step system to treat pedophiles who are mentally retarded, mentally ill or physically handicappedSexual Offender Treatment: Biopsychosocial Perspectives provides you with valuable insights and a cross-cultural viewpoint as you benefit from the expertise and experience of international scholars who have set the standards for the treatment of sex offenders.
Gain a better understanding of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of sex offenders, their crimes, and the treatments that can help them.The treatment of sexual offenders varies from culture to culture and nation to nation. Sexual Offender Treatment: Biopsychosocial Perspectives assists sex therapists, counselors, psychiatrists, and psychologists working in sex offender treatment around the world in providing more effective services. This book looks at the behavior of sexual offenders and offers treatment approaches that will stimulate your thinking and help you improve your research and treatment methodologies.This valuable and informative book introduces and discusses the formation of the new International Association for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders, which will advance the existing knowledge about the nature of sexual offenders and sexual offenses, work to improve treatment methods and disseminate information about improved methods, and scientifically evaluate therapeutic methods advocate for the right of sex offenders to effective treatment.Sexual Offender Treatment: Biopsychosocial Perspectives presents an overview of recent research in the treatment of sexual offenders as presented at the 5th International Conference on the Treatment of Sexual Offenders in 1998 in Caracas, Venezuela. This book explores:the recently revised Standards of Care for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders self-perceived aggression in relation to brain abnormalities in a sample of incarcerated sexual offenders self-concepts and interpersonal perceptions of sexual offenders in relation to brain abnormalities brain abnormalities and violent behavior group family interventions for the treatment of adult male child molesters the experiences of adult and adolescent female sex offenders a 7 step system to treat pedophiles who are mentally retarded, mentally ill or physically handicappedSexual Offender Treatment: Biopsychosocial Perspectives provides you with valuable insights and a cross-cultural viewpoint as you benefit from the expertise and experience of international scholars who have set the standards for the treatment of sex offenders.
Examine the major advances in sexual offender treatment over the last decade and promising new concepts in treatment, supervision, and research Sex Offender Treatment: Accomplishments, Challenges, and Future Directions points the way toward humane, dignified, effective treatment regimes for sexual offenders. In addition to providing an essential overview of the current state of sex offender treatment, this book examines vital areas of service provision and research and points to future directions for the field. On the medical/psychological front, this volume explores the importance of recognizing comorbid psychiatric factors in treatment and of exploring central nervous system function's role as a cause of sexually inappropriate behavior. In the legislative/justice arena it illustrates a Circles of Support proposal that mobilizes community resources to aid the adjustment of released offenders rather than branding them as dangerous to the community. And in the area of service provision, this book presents a treatment approach for residential programs that is inspired by research on childhood behavioral problems and special education. This book will increase your effectiveness with: a model of multisystemic treatment for juvenile sex offenders a restorative justice approach for reintegrating adult offenders into the community a study of the physical/mental correlates of organic brain dysfunction a case report on the use of a pharmaceutical treatment (leuprolide acetate) for pedophiles
Examine the major advances in sexual offender treatment over the last decade and promising new concepts in treatment, supervision, and research Sex Offender Treatment: Accomplishments, Challenges, and Future Directions points the way toward humane, dignified, effective treatment regimes for sexual offenders. In addition to providing an essential overview of the current state of sex offender treatment, this book examines vital areas of service provision and research and points to future directions for the field. On the medical/psychological front, this volume explores the importance of recognizing comorbid psychiatric factors in treatment and of exploring central nervous system function's role as a cause of sexually inappropriate behavior. In the legislative/justice arena it illustrates a Circles of Support proposal that mobilizes community resources to aid the adjustment of released offenders rather than branding them as dangerous to the community. And in the area of service provision, this book presents a treatment approach for residential programs that is inspired by research on childhood behavioral problems and special education. This book will increase your effectiveness with: a model of multisystemic treatment for juvenile sex offenders a restorative justice approach for reintegrating adult offenders into the community a study of the physical/mental correlates of organic brain dysfunction a case report on the use of a pharmaceutical treatment (leuprolide acetate) for pedophiles
Finallya thorough and unbiased examination of the psychological and sociological aspects of masturbation This book shows that masturbation is a critical component in the development of sexual health, explores the powerboth negative and positiveof the act, and outlines viable ideas for future research. It also presents a concise historical overview of societal attitudes toward masturbation and reports on changes in masturbatory behavior in the twentieth century, including the trend toward an earlier age when women begin to masturbate and the increased recognition of masturbation as a source of sexual pleasure irrespective of relationship status or other sexual activity. The book will also familiarize you with some surprising information about the relationship between masturbation and HIV risk among samples of women attending college and low-income African-American women. Finally, Masturbation as a Means of Achieving Sexual Health examines the connections between masturbation and other sexual activity, sexual fantasy, and desire. Written with a minimum of jargon, Masturbation as a Means of Achieving Sexual Health examines: societal attitudes toward masturbationfrom pre-biblical Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations to biblical times, the Christian era, Hindu civilization, ancient China, and more generational perspectives on masturbation the relationship between masturbation habits and sexual health in low income African-American women the factors associated with masturbation as practiced by college students the complex interrelationship of sexual fantasy, desire, and masturbation ways that masturbation can be utilized as a therapeutic tool in sex therapy
Finallya thorough and unbiased examination of the psychological and sociological aspects of masturbation This book shows that masturbation is a critical component in the development of sexual health, explores the powerboth negative and positiveof the act, and outlines viable ideas for future research. It also presents a concise historical overview of societal attitudes toward masturbation and reports on changes in masturbatory behavior in the twentieth century, including the trend toward an earlier age when women begin to masturbate and the increased recognition of masturbation as a source of sexual pleasure irrespective of relationship status or other sexual activity. The book will also familiarize you with some surprising information about the relationship between masturbation and HIV risk among samples of women attending college and low-income African-American women. Finally, Masturbation as a Means of Achieving Sexual Health examines the connections between masturbation and other sexual activity, sexual fantasy, and desire. Written with a minimum of jargon, Masturbation as a Means of Achieving Sexual Health examines: societal attitudes toward masturbationfrom pre-biblical Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations to biblical times, the Christian era, Hindu civilization, ancient China, and more generational perspectives on masturbation the relationship between masturbation habits and sexual health in low income African-American women the factors associated with masturbation as practiced by college students the complex interrelationship of sexual fantasy, desire, and masturbation ways that masturbation can be utilized as a therapeutic tool in sex therapy
Important new findings on sex and gender in the former Soviet Bloc! Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia is a groundbreaking look at the new sexual reality in Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe after the fall of communism. The book presents the kind of candid discussion of sexual identities, sexual politics, and gender arrangements that was often censored and rarely discussed openly before the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1987. Authors from a variety of disciplines examine how the changes caused by rapid economic and social transformation have affected human sexuality and if those changes can generate the social tolerance necessary to produce a well-rooted democracy. The first theoretical and empirical body of work to sexuality in (post)transitional countries, Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia examines the effects of the profound social transformation taking place in the former Soviet Union. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, the book addresses vital issues of this transformation, including gender relations, gender roles and sex norms in transition, sexual representations in the media, patterns of adult sexual behavior, gay and lesbian issues, sex trafficking, health risks, and sex education. The book also presents a critical examination of whether the fall of communism has, in fact, induced changes in sexuality and gender relations. Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia examines the changes in sex and gender in countries in transition, including: the negative consequences of Serbia’s state-directed non-development during the 1990s the causes and consequences of trafficking in women from the Russian Federation the ongoing debate over human rights for sexual minorities in Romania the effects of two Yugoslavian films released in the 1990s that feature transgender characters sexualities in transition in Croatia problems created by changes in sexual behavior among urban Russian adolescents the social and legal state of lesbians in SloveniaSexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia fills in the gap in the current knowledge and understanding of the effects of the profound social changes taking place in Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe. The book is an essential read for academics and researchers working in gender studies, political science, and gay and lesbian studies. Handy tables and figures make the information easy to access and understand.
Important new findings on sex and gender in the former Soviet Bloc! Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia is a groundbreaking look at the new sexual reality in Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe after the fall of communism. The book presents the kind of candid discussion of sexual identities, sexual politics, and gender arrangements that was often censored and rarely discussed openly before the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1987. Authors from a variety of disciplines examine how the changes caused by rapid economic and social transformation have affected human sexuality and if those changes can generate the social tolerance necessary to produce a well-rooted democracy. The first theoretical and empirical body of work to sexuality in (post)transitional countries, Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia examines the effects of the profound social transformation taking place in the former Soviet Union. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, the book addresses vital issues of this transformation, including gender relations, gender roles and sex norms in transition, sexual representations in the media, patterns of adult sexual behavior, gay and lesbian issues, sex trafficking, health risks, and sex education. The book also presents a critical examination of whether the fall of communism has, in fact, induced changes in sexuality and gender relations. Sexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia examines the changes in sex and gender in countries in transition, including: the negative consequences of Serbia’s state-directed non-development during the 1990s the causes and consequences of trafficking in women from the Russian Federation the ongoing debate over human rights for sexual minorities in Romania the effects of two Yugoslavian films released in the 1990s that feature transgender characters sexualities in transition in Croatia problems created by changes in sexual behavior among urban Russian adolescents the social and legal state of lesbians in SloveniaSexuality and Gender in Postcommunist Eastern Europe and Russia fills in the gap in the current knowledge and understanding of the effects of the profound social changes taking place in Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe. The book is an essential read for academics and researchers working in gender studies, political science, and gay and lesbian studies. Handy tables and figures make the information easy to access and understand.
A standard reference work for forty years, this work is the most complete and detailed guide to the novels of William Faulkner. Unlike other treatments of Faulkner, this volume is designed specifically as a guide to critical interpretation and to promote an appreciation of Faulkner's novels. Edmond L. Volpe has organized this Guide into three parts an overview of Faulkner's life and writing, including an analysis of his characters, themes, narrative structures, and style; a complete set of synopses of Faulkner's novels; and an appendix comprising chronologies of events for each major novel. A set of genealogical tables for each major family in the novels is also included.
The new guide - the first comprehensive book of its kind - offers analyses of all Faulkner's short stories, published and unpublished, that were not incorporated into novels or turned into chapters of a novel. Seventy-one stories receive individual critical analysis and evaluation. These discussions reveal the relationship of the stories to the novels and point up Faulkner's skills as a writer of short fiction. Although Faulkner often spoke disparagingly of the short story form and claimed that he wrote stories for money - which be did - Edmond L. Volpe's study reveals that Faulkner could not escape even in this shorter form his incomparable fictional imagination not his mastery of narrative structure and technique.
This work provides new insights into the community pattern and leadership roles at a major Mississippian archaeological site. The sequence of change for public architecture during the Mississippian period may reflect a centralization of political power through time. In the research presented here, some of the community-level assumptions attributed to the appearance of Mississippian mounds are tested against the archaeological record of the Town Creek site - the remains of a town located on the northeastern edge of the Mississippian world. In particular, the archaeological record of Town Creek is used to test the idea that the appearance of Mississippian platform mounds was accompanied by the centralization of political authority in the hands of a powerful chief. A compelling argument has been made that mounds were the seats and symbols of political power within Mississippian societies. While platform mounds have been a part of Southeastern Native American communities since at least 100 B.C., around A.D. 400 leaders in some communities began to place their houses on top of earthen mounds - an act that has been interpreted as an attempt to legitimize personal authority by a community leader through the appropriation of a powerful, traditional, community-oriented symbol. Platform mounds at a number of sites were preceded by a distinctive type of building called an earthlodge - a structure with earth-embanked walls and an entrance indicated by short, parallel wall trenches. Earthlodges in the Southeast have been interpreted as places where a council of community leaders came together to make decisions based on consensus. In contrast to the more inclusive function proposed for premound earthlodges, it has been argued that access to the buildings on top of Mississippian platform mounds was limited to a much smaller subset of the community. If this was the case and if ground-level earthlodges were more accessible than mound-summit structures, then access to leaders and leadership may have decreased through time. Excavations at the Town Creek archaeological site have shown that the public architecture there follows the earthlodge-to-platform mound sequence that is well known across the South Appalachian subarea of the Mississippian world. The clear changes in public architecture coupled with the extensive exposure of the site's domestic sphere make Town Creek an excellent case study for examining the relationship among changes in public architecture and leadership within a Mississippian society.
