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Contamination and ESD Control in High-Technology Manufacturing

Contamination and ESD Control in High-Technology Manufacturing

Roger W. Welker; R. Nagarajan; Carl E. Newberg

John Wiley Sons Inc
2006
sidottu
A practical "how to" guide that effectively deals with the control of both contamination and ESD This book offers effective strategies and techniques for contamination and electrostatic discharge (ESD) control that can be implemented in a wide range of high-technology industries, including semiconductor, disk drive, aerospace, pharmaceutical, medical device, automobile, and food production manufacturing. The authors set forth a new and innovative methodology that can manage both contamination and ESD, often considered to be mutually exclusive challenges requiring distinct strategies. Beginning with two general chapters on the fundamentals of contamination and ESD control, the book presents a logical progression of topics that collectively build the necessary skills and knowledge: Analysis methods for solving contamination and ESD problemsBuilding the contamination and ESD control environment, including design and construction of cleanrooms and ESD protected environmentsCleaning processes and the equipment needed to support these processesTooling design and certificationContinuous monitoringConsumable supplies and packaging materialsControlling contamination and ESD originating from peopleManagement of cleanrooms and ESD protected workplace environments Contamination and ESD Control in High-Technology Manufacturing conveys a practical, working knowledge of contamination and ESD control strategies and techniques, and it is filled with case studies that illustrate key principles and the benefits of contamination and ESD control. Moreover, its straightforward style makes the material, which integrates many disciplines of engineering and science, clear and accessible. Written by three leading industry experts, this book is an essential guide for engineers and designers across the many industries where contamination and ESD control is a concern.
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Contaminated Land Guidance

Contaminated Land Guidance

Jo Strange

ICE Publishing
2016
nidottu
Contaminated Land Guidance provides authoritative guidance and up-to-date information on the challenges associated with contamination on brownfield developments. This fully updated edition summarises the key elements of current regulations and good practice as published in existing authoritative guidance documents prepared by key bodies such as central government, the Environment Agency, the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA) and the Building Research Establishment (BRE). In addition, changes to waste management legislation have resulted in an increased focus on sustainable development along with the implementation of sustainable remediation solutions. It recognises that the whole area of contaminated land investigation and remediation has undergone significant changes since 1994 and the subsequent second edition in 2007 and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Contaminated Land Guidance: provides a clear overarching route map for current and best practicereflects the recent changes in the field of contaminated land, including government statutory guidance, the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations, clarifying different types of receptors, environmental permitting and background concentrations of contaminantsincludes a summary of key watch points and steps required to manage contaminated sitesoffers a range of case studies that showcase examples of practical cost-effective solutions. As redevelopment of brownfield land becomes the norm as a result of a lack of developable space, assessment of contamination becomes a material issue, in terms of both environmental risks and financial liabilities for most sites. Contaminated Land Guidance, Third edition is essential reading for professionals dealing with the regeneration of contaminated land, including civil and structural engineers, incoming contaminated land professionals at graduate level, project managers, planning consultants, surveyors, conveyancers, architects, property developers, portfolio managers and site managers.
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Contaminants and the Soil Environment in the Australasia-Pacific Region

Contaminants and the Soil Environment in the Australasia-Pacific Region

Springer
1996
sidottu
The Australasia-Pacific Region supports approximately 50% of the world's population. The last half-century has witnessed a rapid increase in the regional population, agricultural productivity, industrial activities and trade within the region. Both the demand for increased food production and the desire to improve the economic conditions have affected regional environmental quality. This volume presents an overview of the fate of contaminants in the soil environment; current soil management factors used to control contaminant impacts, issues related to sludge and effluent disposals in the soil environment; legal, health and social impacts of contaminated land, remediation approaches and strategies to manage contaminated land, some of the problems associated with environmental degradation in the Australasia-Pacific Region and steps that we need to take to safeguard our environment.
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Contaminated Forests

Contaminated Forests

Springer
1999
nidottu
Concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere have increased dramatically over the last century and many of these changes are attributable to anthropogenic activities. The influence of acid rain has been well studied, but there has been no extensive exploration of other pollutants, such as toxic chemicals, heavy metals and radionuclides. Natural ecosystems, especially forests, tend to accumulate many of these pollutants which subsequently can affect ecosystem health. These contaminants may be very damaging to the environment in Eastern Europe, where the rapid disappearance of forest is the result not only of contamination but also of poor forest management practices. The current book is designed to reduce the uncertainty in our current knowledge of forest radioecology. The three topics it embraces are (a) Modelling, (b) Measurements and Data, and (c) Countermeasures and Risk Assessment.
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Contaminating Theatre

Contaminating Theatre

Northwestern University Press
1998
nidottu
This text is an exploration of the use of theatre as a therapeutic and educational tool in the service of public health. Speaking from a breadth of disciplines, themes, and cultural perspectives, the eight essays in this collection offer a wide-ranging view on the ways theatre can be employed in the service of public health. The ten contributors inlcudes theatre practitioners; therapists; and teachers, researchers, and scholars in medical anthropology and international health, psychology and drama therapy, communication and performance studies, feminist and cultural criticism.
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Contaminated Communities

Contaminated Communities

Michael R Edelstein

Westview Press Inc
2003
nidottu
In this wholly revised second edition, Michael Edelstein draws or iis thiffy years as a community activist tc provide a much-expanded theoretical foundation for understanding the psychosocial impacts of toxic contaminagtion. Informed by social psychological theory and an extensive survey of documented cases of toxic exposure, and enlivened by excerpts drawn from more than one thousand Interviews with victims, Contaminated Communities, Second Edition, presents, a candid portrayal of the toxic victim's experience and the key stages in the course of toxic disaster. The second edition introduces dozens of new cases and provvides expanded considerations of environmental justice, environmental racism, environmental turbulence, and environmental stigma, as well as a fully articulated theory of "lifescape." The new edition moves past the well-charted role of reactive environmentalism to explore issues for a proactivist approach that employs a "third path" of social learning, sustainable innovation, consensus building, and community empowerment.
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Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products

Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products

Robert P. Donovan

CRC Press Inc
2001
sidottu
Recognizing the need for improved control measures in the manufacturing process of highly sensitized semiconductor technology, this practical reference provides in-depth and advanced treatment on the origins, procedures, and disposal of a variety of contaminants. It uses contemporary examples based on the latest hardware and processing apparatus to illustrate previously unavailable results and insights along with experimental and theoretical developments.Ensures the proper methods necessary to meet the standards established in the 1997 National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS)!Summarizing up-to-date control practices in the industry, Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products:Details the physics and chemistry behind the mechanisms leading to contamination-induced failures Considers particles and molecular contaminants, including the entire spectrum of mass-based contaminants Outlines primary contamination problems and target control levels Reveals and offers solutions to inadequate areas of measurement capability and control technology Clarifies significant problems and decisions facing the industry by analyzing NTRS standards and contamination mechanismsContaining over 700 literature references, drawings, photographs, equations, and tables, Contamination-Free Manufacturing for Semiconductors and Other Precision Products is an essential reference for electrical and electronics, instrumentation, process, manufacturing, development, contamination control and quality engineers; physicists; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.
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Contamination Effects on Electronic Products

Contamination Effects on Electronic Products

Tautscher

CRC Press Inc
1991
sidottu
The technology for preventing and mitigating contamination of electronic products is reviewed in four major ways: the types and sources of contaminants; typical contamination effects; contamination removal methods; and contamination prevention through design, process, product protection, and testing
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Contaminants in Our Water

Contaminants in Our Water

Oxford University Press Inc
2021
sidottu
Access to safe drinking water continues to be an international concern. While some sources of contamination can be identified and removed, other contaminants appear from unknown sources. This collection of research includes studies to detect contaminants as well as reports on remediation techniques. Specific contaminants include heavy metals, pesticides, disinfection by-products, GenX, microplastics, antibiotics, and others. Analytical and environmental chemists, as well as researchers focused on water quality, will find this work valuable.
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Contamination of Electronic Assemblies

Contamination of Electronic Assemblies

Elissa M. Bumiller; David A. Douthit; Joan Pecht

CRC Press Inc
2002
sidottu
Contamination problems have become a major factor in determining the manufacturability, quality, and reliability of electronic assemblies. Understanding the mechanics and chemistry of contamination has become necessary for improving quality and reliability and reducing costs of electronic assemblies. Designed as a practical guide, Contamination of Electronic Assemblies presents a generalized overview of contamination problems and serves as a problem-solving reference point. It takes a step-by-step approach to identifying contaminants and their effects on electronic products at each level of manufacture. The text is divided into four sections: Laminate Manufacturing, Substrate Fabrication, Printed Wiring Board Assembly, and Conformal Coatings. These sections discuss all aspects of contamination of electronic assemblies, from the manufacture of glass fibers used in the laminates to the complete assembly of the finished product. The authors present detection and control methods that can help you reduce defects during the manufacturing process. With tables, figures, and fishbone diagrams serving as a quick reference, Contamination of Electronic Assemblies will help you familiarize yourself with the origination, detection, measurement, control, and prevention of contamination in electronic assemblies.
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Contaminated Land and its Reclamation

Contaminated Land and its Reclamation

Royal Society of Chemistry
1997
nidottu
Contaminated land and the methods and legal controls governing its reclamation for subsequent development and use are of great current interest and concern. This volume in the Issues in Environmental Science and Technology series contains seven articles which treat the many aspects of this subject, ranging from risk assessment and risk management, through specific remediation methods and the evolution of government policy and controls, to analysis of the legal and technical features of specific environmental insurance policies. The chemistry of the non-ferrous heavy metals lead, zinc and cadmium is examined in relation to reclamation of superfund sites in the USA alongside a consideration of the role of the Welsh Development Agency in developing strategies for the recovery of derelict and contaminated land. An authoritative treatment of each of the topics is ensured by the particular expertise and distinction of the authors, and as such Contaminated Land and Its Reclamation will make an important contribution to the public debate on these issues. It will be essential reading for all those groups of people directly or indirectly involved, from consultants and their technical advisors, through developers, contractors and landowners, to local authorities and government agencies with responsibility for policy and its implementation in this area.
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Contamination of Groundwaters

Contamination of Groundwaters

Domy C. Adriano

St Lucie Press
1994
sidottu
International experts have contributed key chapters to this major work on groundwater contamination. Section 1: Methodology and Modeling deals with both organic and inorganic contaminants, including those from agricultural operations. Section 2: Case Studies presents contamination scenarios with both inorganic and organic chemicals including agriculturally-related constituents, such as the nitrates. This important new publication is a welcome addition to the literature and will enhance recent information on methodology, modeling and real-world situations. It is of interest to scientists and planners in local and national government; environmental chemists, geochemists, geologists, and health and safety officers; river authorities; hydrologists; and the mining and land reclamation industries.
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Contaminants of Emerging Concerns and Reigning Removal Technologies

Contaminants of Emerging Concerns and Reigning Removal Technologies

TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD
2022
sidottu
With an increased demand for wastewater reuse, groundwater recharge with treated wastewater has been practiced across the globe. As a result, groundwater quality deteriorates by emerging micropollutants from various anthropogenic origins, including untreated wastewater, seepage of landfill leachate, and runoff from agricultural lands. The fate of such emerging and geogenic contaminants in subsurface systems, especially in the groundwater, depends on several factors. Physicochemical properties of contaminants such as octanol-water partition coefficient, dissociation constant, water solubility, susceptibility to biodegradation under anaerobic conditions, and environmental persistence under diverse geological and pH conditions play a critical role during subsurface mass flow. Thus, advanced wastewater treatment techniques, followed by implementing stricter guidelines, are some of the measures that can safeguard water resources.This book, in general, gives an understanding of the fate and mitigation strategies for emerging and geogenic contaminants in the groundwater. The first and second sections provide a detailed insight into various removal techniques and mitigation approaches. Possible treatment strategies, including bioremediation and natural attenuation, are also covered in those sections. Environmental assessment, groundwater vulnerability, health effects, and regulations pertaining to various contaminants are systematically presented in the third section.
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Contaminants in Food: Sources, Impacts and Safety Measures

Contaminants in Food: Sources, Impacts and Safety Measures

MA Ashraf

Wiley-Blackwell
2018
sidottu
Recently, new food contaminants (together with their older counterparts) have emerged as a huge problem worldwide, affecting peoples’ daily lives in previously unforeseen ways. These contaminants are often associated with the use of pharmaceuticals, additives, personal care products, or contaminated water, and are also due to the production of certain undesirable by-products during disinfection processes. For a better understanding of these emerging food safety risks, we must look for their root cause, toxicological impact, related incidence, safety measurements, and detection methods, in order to modulate safe future protocols and overcome these food contaminants. In this book, the subject of food contaminants, including their identification and classification, will be examined. Organic/inorganic, microbial and other sources of contaminants which can result in foodborne diseases will also be discussed, as will food and feed safety methods and regulation protocols.
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Contamination (Zombies Are Human, Book One)

Contamination (Zombies Are Human, Book One)

Jamie Thornton

Igneous Books
2017
pokkari
From New York Times and USA Today bestselling author Jamie Thornton.A thrilling science fiction series......once upon a time a plague ended the world. Will Corrina save the boy she loves? "Thrilling...keeps you reading and wanting more." ★ ★ ★ ★ ★"I couldn't put this down." ★ ★ ★ ★ ★"...left me hungry for the next book." ★ ★ ★ ★ ★A single drop of blood is all it takes to change you. Sometimes the blood fills you with rage, but sometimes it does...something else.When a new virus unleashes violence that devastates eighteen-year-old Corrina's neighborhood, all Corrina can think about is surviving. But when the boy she loves is kidnapped by a group of government soldiers, she must team up with a strange group of street kids to save him.Powerful enemies, bizarre memories, a government willing to do anything for control....You'll love this terrifying sci-fi plague apocalypse, because the best ones have twists you never see coming.Get it now.
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Contaminated Rivers

Contaminated Rivers

Jerry R. Miller; Suzanne M. Orbock Miller

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2007
sidottu
By the end of the 1960s, it became acutely apparent that major problems existed with the quality of both surface and subsurface waters on a world-wide scale. In response to these discoveries numerous legislative initiatives were enacted in most developed countries to limit the introduction of contaminants to the environment. It quickly became apparent, however, that not only was there a need to reduce the quantity of contaminants introduced to surface and subsurface waters, but previously contaminated resources had to be remediated to reduce the potential risks on human and ecosystem health. Effective remediation proved to be a difficult task that required an improved understanding of the transport and fate of contaminants in aquatic environments. This fact resulted in a wide range of analyses regarding contaminant transport and cycling in riverine environments during the past several decades. Nonetheless, in comparison to the enormous efforts which have been made to characterize, assess, and remediate contaminated soils and groundwater, contaminated rivers have received relatively little attention. This is in spite of the fact that polluted reaches may cover tens of kilometers of stream channel and the adjacent valley floor. Progress, however, in the soils and groundwater arena has recently produced a shift in emphasis from the subsurface to the surface environment, particularly with regards to cleaning up contaminated rivers. Rivers and their associated drainage basins tend to be geological, hydrological, and geochemically more variable than either soil or groundwater systems.
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Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water:

Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water:

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2010
nidottu
Contaminated Soils Volume 9 contains 38 technical papers, covering a wide range of environmental issues. Volume discussion includes: Part I Bioremediation; Part II Chemical Oxidation; Part III Heavy Metals; Part IV MTBE; Part V Phytoremediation; Part VI Radiation; Part VII Regulatory and Legal issues; Part VIII Remediation; Part IX Risk Based Cleanup; and Part X Site Assessment. Contributing authors to this volume are from government agencies, academic institutions, the consulting community and industrial companies. This important volume documents the state of environmental science and provides perspective on where we as an industry have come from. Increased scientific, engineering and consulting alliances and collaboration should drive our efforts going forward.
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Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water Volume 10

Contaminated Soils, Sediments and Water Volume 10

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2010
nidottu
Every spring, the University of Massachusetts - Amherst welcomes all ''Soils Conference" Scientific Advisory Board members with open arms as we begin the planning process responsible for bringing you quality conferences year after year. With this "homecoming" of sorts comes the promise of reaching across the table and interacting with a wide spectrum of stakeholders, each of them bringing their unique perspective in support of a successful Conference in the fall. This year marks the 20^^ anniversary of what started as a couple of thoughtful scientists interested in developing partnerships that together could fuel the environmental cleanup dialogue. Since the passage of the Superfund Law, regulators, academia and industry have come to realize that models that depend exclusively on ''command and control" mandates as the operative underpinning limit our collective ability to bring hazardous waste sites to productive re-use. It is with this concern in mind that the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection privatized its cleanup program in 1993, spurring the close-out of over 20,000 sites and spills across the Commonwealth to date, in a manner that is both protective of human health and the environment while also flexible and responsive to varied site uses and redevelopment goals. So we gather together again, this year, to hear our collective stories and share success and challenges just as we share stories at a family gathering. Take a read through the stories contained in these proceedings.
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