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Magnesium Intake and Human Health

Magnesium Intake and Human Health

Mdpi AG
2018
pokkari
Magnesium is universally recognized as an essential nutrient for human life and health. Indeed, magnesium plays an important physiologic role in every organ of the human body. Disturbances of Mg homeostasis have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases, and Mg supplementation has been evaluated in numerous large-scale clinical trials. The World Health Organization has listed magnesium as among those essential nutrients that are consumed in suboptimal amounts by the general population. In particular, this occurs in Western ("Westernized") countries, where a modest to mild Mg2+ deficiency is thought to be common. The consequences of suboptimal Mg intake are largely unknown. A deeper understanding of the link between magnesium intake, its systemic homeostasis, and human pathophysiology is therefore much needed. Here, we have invited the experts to contribute original research or review articles that may help elucidate the pathophysiology of Mg and its underlying molecular mechanisms.]
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Dietary Intake and Type 2 Diabetes

Dietary Intake and Type 2 Diabetes

Mdpi AG
2019
pokkari
The prevalence of diabetes is on the increase in the UK and worldwide, partly due to changes in lifestyle which predispose individuals to overweight and obesity. It is estimated that about 90% of the currently diagnosed adults have type 2 diabetes, and based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) report, about 422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014 compared with 108 million in 1980; this condition caused about 1.5 million deaths in 2012. In the United States of America, it is estimated that about 30.3 million adults are living with diabetes, with a further 1.5 million new diabetes cases diagnosed every year, representing an increasing prevalence of this condition. Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, despite advances in technology and the pharmaceutical industry. These problems may be in the form of acute or long-term complications.Therefore, in order to attenuate the problems of diabetes, management strategies usually include lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and dietary interventions. Studies which evaluate the role of nutrition in the management of type 2 diabetes often involve human and animal models as these approaches enable us to have a broader and more in-depth understanding of the condition. In some cases, diabetes may co-exist with other conditions, such as stroke, and these may present unique challenges with regard to nutritional interventions.This Special Issue aims to evaluate the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and the role of the diet in the management of people with this condition. This evidence is drawn from both human and animal studies.
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Water Intake, Body Water Regulation and Health

Water Intake, Body Water Regulation and Health

Mdpi AG
2020
pokkari
The purpose of this Special Issue, "Water Intake, Body Water Regulation, and Health", is to present novel reviews and experimental data regarding hydration physiology and its implication in overall health. Water has previously been dubbed the forgotten nutrient due to humans' and animals' ability to subsist seemingly unchanged across a wide range of daily water intakes. However, with the introduction of stressors such as exercise, diseased states, and/or chronic high or low water intake, the homeostatic signals related to body water regulation can influence organ and whole-body health. This Special Issue will discuss water intake, the scientific rationale surrounding the U.S. and European water intake guidelines, homeostatic mechanisms, diseases related to dysfunction of water regulation, and differences in the volume and the vehicle in which the water is contained (i.e., plain water versus mixed beverages) on water intake during and following exercise. The aim is to continue discussion surrounding water, the previously forgotten nutrient, and highlight the importance of water in daily life.
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Nutrients Intake and Hypertension

Nutrients Intake and Hypertension

Mdpi AG
2020
pokkari
Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide, increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality. Together with pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological approaches, such as nutrient intake modifications, play an important role in optimizing treatment. A link has been demonstrated between hypertension and body weight as well as dietary habits. The aim of this Special Issue is to improve the understanding of the relationships between some nutrients and hypertension, and of the effects of different dietary approaches on hypertension regulation from different points of view.
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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States

National Academies Press
2010
nidottu
Reducing the intake of sodium is an important public health goal for Americans. Since the 1970s, an array of public health interventions and national dietary guidelines has sought to reduce sodium intake. However, the U.S. population still consumes more sodium than is recommended, placing individuals at risk for diseases related to elevated blood pressure. Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States evaluates and makes recommendations about strategies that could be implemented to reduce dietary sodium intake to levels recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The book reviews past and ongoing efforts to reduce the sodium content of the food supply and to motivate consumers to change behavior. Based on past lessons learned, the book makes recommendations for future initiatives. It is an excellent resource for federal and state public health officials, the processed food and food service industries, health care professionals, consumer advocacy groups, and academic researchers.Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Sodium Intake Reduction: An Important But Elusive Public Health Goal3 Taste and Flavor Roles of Sodium in Foods: A Unique Challenge to Reducing Sodium Intake4 Preservation and Physical Property Roles of Sodium in Foods5 Sodium Intake Estimates for 2003–2006 and Description of Dietary Sources6 The Food Environment: Key to Formulating Strategies for Change in Sodium Intake7 The Regulatory Framework: A Powerful and Adaptable Tool for Sodium Intake Reduction8 Committee's Considerations and Basis for Recommendations9 Recommended Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake and to Monitor Their Effectiveness10 Next StepsCommittee Member Biographical SketchesAppendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and GlossaryAppendix B: Government Initiatives and Past Recommendations of the National Academies, the World Health Organization, and Other Health Professional OrganizationsAppendix C: International Efforts to Reduce Sodium ConsumptionAppendix D: Salt Substitutes and EnhancersAppendix E: Background on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys and Data Analysis MethodsAppendix F: Sodium Intake TablesAppendix G: National Salt Reduction Initiative Coordinated by the New York City Health DepartmentAppendix H: Federal Rulemaking ProcessAppendix I: Nutrition Facts PanelAppendix J: State and Local Sodium Labeling InitiativesAppendix K: Approach to Linking Universal Product Code (UPC) Sales Data to the Nutrition Facts PanelAppendix L: Public Information-Gathering Workshop AgendaIndex
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Approaches to Assessing Intake of Food and Dietary Supplements in Pregnant Women and Children 2 to 11 Years of Age

Approaches to Assessing Intake of Food and Dietary Supplements in Pregnant Women and Children 2 to 11 Years of Age

National Academies Press
2022
nidottu
A virtual workshop series titled Approaches to Assessing Intake of Food and Dietary Supplements in Pregnant Women and Children 2 to 11 Years of Age was convened in May, 2021 by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The four-day workshop series explored the evidence on methodological approaches to assessing intake of food and dietary supplements in pregnant women and children 2 to 11 years of age. Obtaining reliable and valid dietary intake information for these population groups is particularly difficult - in pregnancy, rapid changes in nutrient needs and dietary intakes occur, and in young children, much of dietary intake is consumed outside the home and is often misreported by the children or their proxy reporters. To advance the quality of the science in these areas, the workshop had four goals: identify the suite of current methods used in dietary assessments, including food and dietary supplements, in pregnant women and children 2 to 11 years of age; identify the methodological challenges and opportunities in improving current methods; explore methodologies in other disciplines and their application in dietary assessments in those populations; and discuss factors to consider when implementing dietary assessment tools in those populations. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop series. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Methods for Dietary Assessment During Pregnancy 3 Methods for Dietary Assessment in Children 2 to 5 Years of Age 4 Methods for Dietary Assessment in Children 6 to 11 Years of Age 5 Innovations and Special Considerations in Assessing Dietary Intake During Pregnancy and in Children 2 to 11 Years of Age References Appendix A: Workshop Agendas Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Speakers and Planning Committee Members
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ARFID Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

ARFID Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Rachel Bryant-Waugh

Routledge
2019
sidottu
ARFID Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Guide for Parents and Carers is an accessible summary of a relatively recent diagnostic term. People with ARFID may show little interest in eating, eat only a very limited range of foods or may be terrified something might happen to them if they eat, such as choking or being sick. Because it has been poorly recognised and poorly understood it can be difficult to access appropriate help and difficult to know how best to manage at home.This book covers common questions encountered by parents or carers whose child has been given a diagnosis of ARFID or who have concerns about their child. Written in simple, accessible language and illustrated with examples throughout, this book answers common questions using the most up-to-date clinical knowledge and research.Primarily written for parents and carers of young people, ARFID Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder includes a wealth of practical tips and suggested strategies to equip parents and carers with the means to take positive steps towards dealing with the problems ARFID presents. It will also be relevant for family members, partners or carers of older individuals, as well as professionals seeking a useful text, which captures the full range of ARFID presentations and sets out positive management advice.
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