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1000 tulosta hakusanalla Peter M. Clarkson

Military in America

Military in America

Peter M. Karsten

The Free Press
1986
pokkari
From the reliance on militia and the Minutemen of the American Revolution to the all-volunteer specialized troops of today, these twelve essays analyze the continuities and changes in the conduct of war over the past three centuries. In this completely revised second edition, new essays explore Napoleonic warfare, the American Civil War, the Plains Wars in the West, the War against Japan, the nuclear arms race, and the War on Terror. The book, while not avoiding the nature of battle, goes beyond tactics and strategy to include the enormous social and political impact of America's wars.
Superplasticity and Grain Boundaries in Ultrafine-Grained Materials

Superplasticity and Grain Boundaries in Ultrafine-Grained Materials

Peter M. Burgess; Anatoly I. Pshenichnyuk

Woodhead Publishing Ltd
2016
nidottu
Superplasticity is a state in which solid crystalline materials, such as some fine-grained metals, are deformed well beyond their usual breaking point. The phenomenon is of importance in processes such as superplastic forming which allows the manufacture of complex, high-quality components in such areas as aerospace and biomedical engineering. Superplasticity and grain boundaries in ultrafine-grained materials discusses a number of problems associated with grain boundaries in metallic polycrystalline materials. The role of grain boundaries in processes such as grain boundary diffusion, relaxation and grain growth is investigated. The authors explore the formation and evolution of the microstructure, texture and ensembles of grain boundaries in materials produced by severe plastic deformation. Written by two leading experts in the field, Superplasticity and grain boundaries in ultrafine-grained materials significantly advances our understanding of this important phenomenon and will be an important reference work for metallurgists and those involved in superplastic forming processes.
Risk Neutral Pricing and Financial Mathematics

Risk Neutral Pricing and Financial Mathematics

Peter M. Knopf; John L. Teall

Academic Press Inc
2015
nidottu
Risk Neutral Pricing and Financial Mathematics: A Primer provides a foundation to financial mathematics for those whose undergraduate quantitative preparation does not extend beyond calculus, statistics, and linear math. It covers a broad range of foundation topics related to financial modeling, including probability, discrete and continuous time and space valuation, stochastic processes, equivalent martingales, option pricing, and term structure models, along with related valuation and hedging techniques. The joint effort of two authors with a combined 70 years of academic and practitioner experience, Risk Neutral Pricing and Financial Mathematics takes a reader from learning the basics of beginning probability, with a refresher on differential calculus, all the way to Doob-Meyer, Ito, Girsanov, and SDEs. It can also serve as a useful resource for actuaries preparing for Exams FM and MFE (Society of Actuaries) and Exams 2 and 3F (Casualty Actuarial Society).
Tribology Testing

Tribology Testing

Peter M. Lee

Academic Press Inc
2019
nidottu
Tribology Testing: Replicating Real World Engineering Systems explores the gap that exists between standard tests, procedures and the systems they are intended to reproduce. The author draws on decades of experience working in both commercial and academic tribological tests to provide proven techniques to successfully and efficiently bridge that gap. This is essential reading for any researcher or engineer who is working with the results of tribology tests, but it is also an ideal reference for anyone interested in increasing the efficiency of tribology research.
Ecological Rationality

Ecological Rationality

Peter M. Todd; Gerd Gigerenzer

Oxford University Press Inc
2012
sidottu
"More information is always better, and full information is best. More computation is always better, and optimization is best." More-is-better ideals such as these have long shaped our vision of rationality. Yet humans and other animals typically rely on simple heuristics to solve adaptive problems, focusing on one or a few important cues and ignoring the rest, and shortcutting computation rather than striving for as much as possible. In this book, we argue that in an uncertain world, more information and computation are not always better, and we ask when, and why, less can be more. The answers to these questions constitute the idea of ecological rationality: how we are able to achieve intelligence in the world by using simple heuristics matched to the environments we face, exploiting the structures inherent in our physical, biological, social, and cultural surroundings.
Techniques of Semigroup Theory

Techniques of Semigroup Theory

Peter M. Higgins

Clarendon Press
1992
sidottu
This book introduces recently developed ideas and techniques in semigroup theory to provide a handy reference guide previously unavailable in a single volume. The opening chapter provides sufficient background to enable the reader to follow any of the subsequent chapters, and would by itself be suitable for a first course in semigroup theory. The second chapter gives an account of free inverse semigroups leading to proofs of the McAlister P-theorems. Subsequent chapters have the underlying theme of diagrams and mappings, and the new material includes the theory of biordered sets of Nambooripad and Easdown, the semigroup diagrams of Remmers and Jackson with applications to the one-relator, and other word problems, a short proof of Isbell's Zigzag theorem with applications to epimorphisms and amalgams, together with combinatorial, probabalistic and graphical techniques used to prove results including Schein's Covering Theorem and Howie's Gravity Formula for finite full transformation semigroups. Nearly two hundred exercises serve the dual purpose of illustrating the richness of the subject while allowing the reader to come to grips with the material.
Agricultural Enlightenment

Agricultural Enlightenment

Peter M. Jones

Oxford University Press
2016
sidottu
Agricultural Enlightenment explores the modernization of the rural economy in Europe through the lens of the Enlightenment. It focuses on the second half of the eighteenth century and emphasises the role of useful knowledge in the process of agrarian change and agricultural development. As such it invites economic historians to respond to the challenge issued by Joel Mokyr to look beyond quantitative data and to take seriously the argument that cultural factors, broadly understood, may have aided or hindered the evolution of agriculture in the early modern period ('what people knew and believed' had a direct bearing on their economic behaviour [Mokyr, The Enlightened Economy]). Evidence in support of the idea that a readily accessible supply of agricultural knowledge helps to explain the trajectory of the rural economy is drawn from all of the countries of Europe. The book includes two cases studies of rapid rural modernization in Scotland and Denmark where Agricultural Enlightenment was swiftly followed by full-scale Agricultural Revolution.
Algebra

Algebra

Peter M. Higgins

Oxford University Press
2015
nidottu
Algebra marked the beginning of modern mathematics, moving it beyond arithmetic, which involves calculations featuring given numbers, to problems where some quantities are unknown. Now, it stands as a pillar of mathematics, underpinning the quantitative sciences, both social and physical. This Very Short Introduction explains algebra from scratch. Over the course of ten logical chapters, Higgins offers a step by step approach for readers keen on developing their understanding of algebra. Using theory and example, he renews the reader's aquaintance with school mathematics, before taking them progressively further and deeper into the subject. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Professor Higgins's Problem Collection

Professor Higgins's Problem Collection

Peter M. Higgins

Oxford University Press
2017
nidottu
What can you do with your maths? You can use it to thoroughly understand all manner of things that cannot be dealt with in any other way. This book serves up a variety of problems and shows how mathematics answers them. Topics range from cracking codes to the persistence of recessive genes; from logic puzzles to classical geometry; and from planetary motion questions to predicting the market share of competing companies. And there are other problems where the mathematics itself is intrinsically surprising and interesting.
Numbers

Numbers

Peter M. Higgins

Oxford University Press
2011
nidottu
Numbers are integral to our everyday lives and feature in everything we do. In this Very Short Introduction Peter M. Higgins, the renowned mathematics writer, unravels the world of numbers; demonstrating its richness, and providing a comprehensive view of the idea of the number. Higgins paints a picture of the number world, considering how the modern number system matured over centuries. Explaining the various number types and showing how they behave, he introduces key concepts such as integers, fractions, real numbers, and imaginary numbers. By approaching the topic in a non-technical way and emphasising the basic principles and interactions of numbers with mathematics and science, Higgins also demonstrates the practical interactions and modern applications, such as encryption of confidential data on the internet. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Franchising Dreams

Franchising Dreams

Peter M. Birkeland

University of Chicago Press
2004
nidottu
Franchises have become an ever-present feature of American life, both in our landscapes and our economics. Peter M. Birkeland worked for three years in the front-line operations of franchise units for three companies, met with CEOs and executives, and attended countless trade shows, seminars, and expositions. Through this extensive fieldwork Birkeland not only discovered what makes franchisees succeed or fail, he uncovered the difficulties in running a business according to someone else's system and values. Bearing witness to a market flooded with fierce competitors and dependent on the inscrutable whims of consumers, he reveals the numerous challenges that franchisees face in making then businesses succeed.
Madison's Nightmare

Madison's Nightmare

Peter M. Shane

University of Chicago Press
2016
nidottu
The George W. Bush administration’s ambitious—even breathtaking—claims of unilateral executive authority raised deep concerns among constitutional scholars, civil libertarians, and ordinary citizens alike. But Bush’s attempts to assert his power are only the culmination of a near-thirty-year assault on the basic checks and balances of the U.S. government—a battle waged by presidents of both parties, and one that, as Peter M. Shane warns in Madison’s Nightmare, threatens to utterly subvert the founders’ vision of representative government.Tracing this tendency back to the first Reagan administration, Shane shows how this era of "aggressive presidentialism" has seen presidents exerting ever more control over nearly every arena of policy, from military affairs and national security to domestic programs. Driven by political ambition and a growing culture of entitlement in the executive branch—and abetted by a complaisant Congress, riven by partisanship—this presidential aggrandizement has too often undermined wise policy making and led to shallow, ideological, and sometimes outright lawless decisions. The solution, Shane argues, will require a multipronged program of reform, including both specific changes in government practice and broader institutional changes aimed at supporting a renewed culture of government accountability.From the war on science to the mismanaged war on terror, Madison’s Nightmare outlines the disastrous consequences of the unchecked executive—and issues a stern wake-up call to all who care about the fate of our long democratic experiment.
Gay Men's Friendships

Gay Men's Friendships

Peter M. Nardi

University of Chicago Press
1999
sidottu
Based on surveys and interviews of two hundred gay men, this study presents an examination of contemporary urban gay men's friendships. Weaving historical and sociological research on friendship with firsthand information, Nardi argues that friendship is the central organizing element of gay men's lives. Through friendship, gay identities and communities are created, transformed, maintained and reproduced. Nardi explores the meaning of friends to some gay men, how friends often become a surrogate family, how sexual behaviour and attraction affects these friendships, and how, for many, friends mean more and last longer than romantic relationships. While looking at the psychological joys and sorrows of friendship, he also considers the cultural constraints limiting gay men in contemporary urban America - especially those that deal with dominant images of masculinity and heterosexuality - and how they relate to friendship. By listening to gay men talk about their interactions, Nardi offers a glimpse into the mechanisms of gay life. We learn how gay men meet their friends, what they typically do and talk about, and how these strong relationships contain the roots of larger cultural forces such as social movements and gay identities and neighbourhoods. Nardi also points out the political and social consequences when friendships fail to provide support against oppression.
Gay Men's Friendships

Gay Men's Friendships

Peter M. Nardi

University of Chicago Press
1999
nidottu
Based on surveys and interviews of two hundred gay men, this study presents an examination of contemporary urban gay men's friendships. Weaving historical and sociological research on friendship with firsthand information, Nardi argues that friendship is the central organizing element of gay men's lives. Through friendship, gay identities and communities are created, transformed, maintained and reproduced. Nardi explores the meaning of friends to some gay men, how friends often become a surrogate family, how sexual behaviour and attraction affects these friendships, and how, for many, friends mean more and last longer than romantic relationships. While looking at the psychological joys and sorrows of friendship, he also considers the cultural constraints limiting gay men in contemporary urban America - especially those that deal with dominant images of masculinity and heterosexuality - and how they relate to friendship. By listening to gay men talk about their interactions, Nardi offers a glimpse into the mechanisms of gay life. We learn how gay men meet their friends, what they typically do and talk about, and how these strong relationships contain the roots of larger cultural forces such as social movements and gay identities and neighbourhoods. Nardi also points out the political and social consequences when friendships fail to provide support against oppression.
Madison's Nightmare

Madison's Nightmare

Peter M. Shane

University of Chicago Press
2009
sidottu
In recent years, the Bush administration's ambitious - even breathtaking - claims of unilateral executive authority have properly raised concerns among constitutional scholars, civil libertarians, and ordinary citizens alike. But Bush's attempts to assert his power are only the latest development in a near-thirty-year assault on the basic checks and balances of the U.S. government - a battle waged by presidents of both parties, and one that, as Peter M. Shane warns in "Madison's Nightmare", threatens to utterly subvert the founders' vision of representative government. Tracing this tendency back to the first Reagan administration, Shane shows how this era of 'aggressive presidentialism' has seen presidents exerting ever more control over nearly every arena of policy, from military affairs and national security to domestic programs. Driven by political ambition and a growing culture of entitlement in the executive branch - and abetted by a complaisant Congress, riven by partisanship - this presidential aggrandizement has too often undermined wise policy making and led to shallow, ideological, and sometimes outright lawless decisions. The solution, Shane argues, will require a multipronged program of reform, including both specific changes in government practice and broader institutional changes aimed at supporting a renewed culture of government accountability. From the war on science to the mismanaged war on terror, "Madison's Nightmare" outlines the disastrous consequences of the unchecked executive - and issues a stern wake-up call to all who care about the fate of our long democratic experiment.
Legal Language

Legal Language

Peter M. Tiersma

University of Chicago Press
2000
nidottu
Why is legal language so different from ordinary English? Statutes, judicial opinions, contracts, deeds and wills profoundly affect our daily lives, but their language tends to be convoluted, antiquated and often nearly impossible for the public to understand. So where did the "lessees" and "tortfeasors" come from and are they necessarily here to stay? This history of legal language slices through the polysyllabic thicket of legalese. It shows to what extent legalese is simply a product of its past, when Anglo-Saxon mercenaries, Latin-speaking missionaries, Scandinavian raiders and Norman invaders all left their marks on the language that lawyers use today. Peter Tiersma suggests, however, that history alone provides an inadequate explanation for the peculiarities of legal language. He considers how lawyers cling to their foreign-sounding language because it convinces laypeople that the legal system is far too complex to navigate without professional assistance. Obscurity, Tiersma suggests, can also be strategic (as when an insurance company prints oppressive legal terms in small type on the back of a policy), as can clarity (if lawyers need to persuade a jury of their client's innocence, they speak and write with newfound ease). All these issues are wrapped up in the legal language that continues to evolve and shape our culture. This text demonstrates that arcane vocabulary is not an inevitable feature of our legal system and Tiersma concludes with a call for simplification. It brings the verbiage of leases, employment agreements and other consumer documents out of the shadows.
Parchment, Paper, Pixels

Parchment, Paper, Pixels

Peter M. Tiersma

University of Chicago Press
2010
sidottu
Technological revolutions have had an unquestionable, if still debatable, impact on culture and society - perhaps none more so than the written word. In the legal realm, the rise of literacy and print culture made possible the governing of large empires, the memorializing of private legal transactions, and the broad distribution of judicial precedents and legislation. Yet each of these technologies has its shadow side: written or printed texts easily become static, and the textual practices of the legal profession can frustrate ordinary citizens, who may be bound by documents whose implications they scarcely understand. "Parchment, Paper, Pixels" offers an engaging exploration of the impact of three technological revolutions on the law. Beginning with the invention of writing, continuing with the mass production of identical copies of legal texts brought about by the printing press, and ending with a discussion of computers and the Internet, Peter M. Tiersma traces the journey of contracts, wills, statutes, judicial opinions, and other legal texts through the past and into the future. Though the ultimate effects of modern technologies on our legal system remain to be seen, "Parchment, Paper, Pixels" offers readers an insightful guide as to how our shifting forms of technological literacy have shaped and continue to shape the practice of law today.
Broken Gospel?

Broken Gospel?

Peter M. Waddell

JAMES CLARKE CO LTD
2023
nidottu
The Holocaust lies, often unacknowledged, near the heart of our contemporary crisis of religious faith. The horrific fruit of two millennia of Christian antisemitism, the slaughter calls into sharp question the moral and intellectual credibility of the Churches and the Christian faith itself. Can Christianity ever recover? In Broken Gospel? Peter Waddell suggests that it can, but only by facing unflinchingly the history that paved the way for the Nazi genocide, and the Churches' sins of omission and commission as it took place. Engaging with both Christian and Jewish scholarship, Waddell also approaches with sensitivity the theological issues that arise from the horror: questions of how the claimed holiness of the Church relates to its wickedness; of Christian-Jewish relations; of prayer and providence; of heaven and hell, and the faint possibility of forgiveness. Scholars, clergy and general readers alike will be challenged by this exercise in repentance and reconstruction, and inspired by the possibility it offers for Christian theology and practice to flourish once more.
Broken Gospel?

Broken Gospel?

Peter M. Waddell

JAMES CLARKE CO LTD
2022
sidottu
The Holocaust lies, often unacknowledged, near the heart of our contemporary crisis of religious faith. The horrific fruit of two millennia of Christian antisemitism, the slaughter calls into sharp question the moral and intellectual credibility of the Churches and the Christian faith itself. Can Christianity ever recover? In Broken Gospel? Peter Waddell suggests that it can, but only by facing unflinchingly the history that paved the way for the Nazi genocide, and the Churches' sins of omission and commission as it took place. Engaging with both Christian and Jewish scholarship, Waddell also approaches with sensitivity the theological issues that arise from the horror: questions of how the claimed holiness of the Church relates to its wickedness; of Christian-Jewish relations; of prayer and providence; of heaven and hell, and the faint possibility of forgiveness. Scholars, clergy and general readers alike will be challenged by this exercise in repentance and reconstruction, and inspired by the possibility it offers for Christian theology and practice to flourish once more.