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Laser Isotope Separation in Atomic Vapor

Laser Isotope Separation in Atomic Vapor

Petr Artemovich Bokhan; Vladimir Vasilevich Buchanov; Fat

Wiley
2006
sidottu
Written by leading Russian scientists, including Nobel laureate, A.M. Prokhorov (1916-2002), this first book on this important technology allows an understanding of the physics of atomic vapor laser isotope separation and new photochemical methods of laser isotope separation. One entire chapter is devoted to chemical reactions of atoms in excited states, while further chapters deal with the separation of isotopes by one photon isotope-selective and coherent isotope-selective two photon excitation of atoms. A final chapter looks at the prospects for the industrial production of isotope products by laser isotope separation. The whole is rounded off by six appendices.
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Ab Initio Calculations

Ab Initio Calculations

Petr Carsky; Miroslav Urban

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
1980
nidottu
Until recently quantum chemical ab initio calculations were re­ stricted to atoms and very small molecules. As late as in 1960 Allen l and Karo stated : "Almost all of our ab initio experience derives from diatomic LCAO calculations ••• N and we have found in the litera­ ture "approximately eighty calculations, three-fourths of which are for diatomic molecules ••• There are approximately twenty ab initio calculations for molecules with more than two atoms, but there is a decided dividing line between the existing diatomic and polyatomic wave functions. Confidence in the satisfactory evaluation of the many­ -center two-electron integrals is very much less than for the diatom­ ic case". Among the noted twenty calculations, SiH was the largest 4 molecule treated. In most cases a minimal basis set was used and the many-center two-electron integrals were calculated in an approximate way. Under these circumstances the ab initio calculations could hard­ ly provide useful chemical information. It is therefore no wonder that the dominating role in the field of chemical applications was played by semiempirical and empirical methods. The situation changed essentially in the next decade. The problem of many-center integrals was solved, efficient and sophisticated computer programs were devel­ oped, basis sets suitable for a given type of problem were suggested, and, meanwhile, a considerable amount of results has been accumulated which serve as a valuable comparative material. The progress was of course inseparable from the development and availability of computers.
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Electrochemistry on Liquid/Liquid Interfaces

Electrochemistry on Liquid/Liquid Interfaces

Petr Vanysek

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
1985
nidottu
A charge transfer across the interface between two immiscible liquid media has an important role both in nature and in man-designed applications. Ion transfer across the biological membranes, behavior of ion-selective electrodes with liquid membranes and similar sensors, extraction processes, phase transfer catalysis and applications in electroanalytical chemistry can serve as examples. Present interest in the interface between two immiscible electrolytes (liquid liquid or L/L interface) was originated by Koryta's idea (Koryta, Vanysek and Brezina 1976) that the interface between immiscible liquids could serve as a simple model for one half of a biological membrane in the contact with the surrounding electrolyte. It was also Koryta who started using the acronym ITIES (Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions) which generally encompasses all the phenomena discussed in this book. Physiological and electrochemical investigations have certainly well established tradition. In his classic experiments with frog thighs Luigi Galvani discovered in 1791 relationship between electricity and nerves and muscles. As outlined by Koryta and Stullk (1983) in the introduction to their book, the study of electrophysiological phenomena did not progress much for several decades and only a few experiments were performed. For instance M. Faraday (Williams, 1965) studied the electricity produced by an electric fish and Du Bois-Reymond (1848) suggested that the surface of biological formations have properties similar to the electrode of a galvanic cell. However, the properties of biological membrane could not be explained before the first concept of electrochemistry was postulated.
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Metamathematics of First-Order Arithmetic

Metamathematics of First-Order Arithmetic

Petr Hajek; Pavel Pudlak

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
1998
nidottu
People have always been interested in numbers, in particular the natural numbers. Of course, we all have an intuitive notion of what these numbers are. In the late 19th century mathematicians, such as Grassmann, Frege and Dedekind, gave definitions for these familiar objects. Since then the development of axiomatic schemes for arithmetic have played a fundamental role in a logical understanding of mathematics. There has been a need for some time for a monograph on the metamathematics of first-order arithmetic. The aim of the book by Hajek and Pudlak is to cover some of the most important results in the study of a first order theory of the natural numbers, called Peano arithmetic and its fragments (subtheories). The field is quite active, but only a small part of the results has been covered in monographs. This book is divided into three parts. In Part A, the authors develop parts of mathematics and logic in various fragments. Part B is devoted to incompleteness. Part C studies systems that have the induction schema restricted to bounded formulas (Bounded Arithmetic). One highlight of this section is the relation of provability to computational complexity. The study of formal systems for arithmetic is a prerequisite for understanding results such as Gödel's theorems. This book is intended for those who want to learn more about such systems and who want to follow current research in the field. The book contains a bibliography of approximately 1000 items.
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An Introduction to the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation

An Introduction to the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation

Petr Hajicek

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
2008
sidottu
The contemporary theoretical physics consists, by and large, of two independent parts. The rst is the quantum theory describing the micro-world of elementary p- ticles, the second is the theory of gravity that concerns properties of macroscopic systems such as stars, galaxies, and the universe. The relativistic theory of gr- itation which is known as general relativity was created, at the beginning of the last century, by more or less a single man from pure idea combinations and bold guessing. The task was to “marry” the theory of gravity with the theory of special relativity. The rst attempts were aimed at considering the gravitational potential as a eld in Minkowski space–time. All those attempts failed; it took 10 years until Einstein nally solved the problem. The dif culty was that the old theory of gravity as well as the young theory of special relativity had to be modi ed. The next 50 years were dif cult for this theory because its experimental basis remained weak and its complicated mathematical structure was not well understood. However, in the subsequent period this theory ourished. Thanks to improvements in the te- nology and to the big progress in the methods of astronomical observations, the amount of observable facts to which general relativity is applicable was consid- ably enlarged. This is why general relativity is, today, one of the best experimentally tested theories while many competing theories could be disproved. Also the conc- tual and mathematical fundamentals are better understood now.
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Die Kooperation von deutschen Unternehmen mit der US-amerikanischen Boersenaufsicht SEC

Die Kooperation von deutschen Unternehmen mit der US-amerikanischen Boersenaufsicht SEC

Petr Kottek

Peter Lang AG
2012
sidottu
Ein Beitrag zur Criminal Compliance. An der US-Boerse gelistete Unternehmen werden von der US-Boersenaufsicht, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), aufgefordert, gegen sich selbst zu ermitteln, wenn der Verdacht eines Verstosses gegen den Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) vorliegt. Da die Mitarbeiter verpflichtet sind, in einem sogenannten Interview auszusagen, kollidiert diese Auskunftspflicht mit dem nemo-tenetur-Grundsatz. Denn die Ergebnisse werden an die Strafverfolgungsbehoerden weitergeleitet. Auch sind das fair-trial- sowie das Legalitatsprinzip betroffen, wenn die Staatsanwaltschaft untatig bleibt. Da die StPO keine Privatermittler adressiert, muss der zu befragende Mitarbeiter weder nach 136 I S. 2 belehrt, noch die Grenzen eines verbotenen Aussagezwangs i. S. d. 136a beachtet werden. Ein amtspflichtwidriges Unterlassen der Staatsanwaltschaft sowie eine Zurechnung zur SEC sind zu untersuchen.
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La Création Et La Créativité de Réjean DuCharme

La Création Et La Créativité de Réjean DuCharme

Petr Vurm

Peter Lang AG
2014
sidottu
Ce livre aborde la creation complexe et ludique de Rejean Ducharme du point de vue de la creativite litteraire. L'auteur eclaire les romans-cultes du celebre ecrivain quebecois dans une lumiere originale en tachant surtout d'y saisir les qualites fondamentales de toute grande ecriture. Ses analyses comportent non seulement une lecture detaillee des romans ducharmiens, mais egalement une discussion des aspects corollaires de la creativite artistique qui s'y manifeste de maniere intrinseque: la nouveaute, le jeu, l'enfance et l'erreur creatrice. Une recherche lexicometrique de romans choisis de l'auteur est presentee a la fin, qui prolonge la recherche de nouvelles potentialites liees a l'informatique du XXIe siecle.
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Wertsteigerungsmanagement

Wertsteigerungsmanagement

Petr Brusilovskij

AV Akademikerverlag
2012
pokkari
Inhaltlich unver nderte Neuauflage. Die Stimmen f r eine humanere Form zur Aus bung des Wertsteigerungsmanagements werden immer lauter. Welche Optionen gibt es, um nicht nur die Aktion re, sondern auch die verschiedensten Anspruchsgruppen zufrieden zu stellen? Der Kunde, die strategischen Partner und die eigenen Mitarbeiter sowie auch das Image des Gesamtunternehmens r cken immer mehr in den Mittelpunkt. Der Druck von au en (Politik, Globalisierung usw.) sowie von innen (k rzere Innovations-, Produktzyklen usw.) ist enorm. Heute braucht ein Unternehmen eindeutig formulierte Konzepte, Strukturen und Strategien. Das Hauptanliegen des Autors ist die Entwicklung einer "Robuste Strategie". Zuerst wurden die theoretischen Begriffe erl utert. Danach auf die wichtigsten Tools zur Unternehmensbewertung sowie auf die Bedeutung des Strategischen Managements eingegangen. Im letzten Abschnitt wird beschrieben wie die Unternehmen "The Body Shop" und "Google" ihre Wertsteigerungsstrategie betreiben. Das Buch richtet sich an Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, Manager und alle Unternehmen sowie auch an die, die das Wesen was hinter den monumentalen Begriff Wertsteigerungsmanagement steckt g nzlich verstehen wollen.
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The performance of long-term investments in the Italian stock market

The performance of long-term investments in the Italian stock market

Petr Maxmilian Hajkr

AV Akademikerverlag
2016
pokkari
The objective of this work is to research on the impact of delisting effects and dropping off the market index on the investment performance and to understand whether the survivorship bias matters in the context of long-term investments. Given the calculation algorithms of a market index which exclude any failed, small and or illiquid company, we legitimately believe that a market index would have outperformed any passively managed not-rebalanced portfolio in the long run. We denote this phenomenon as natural survivorship bias. However, the results of this work show that the opposite is true. In all cases and under all regimes, the observed portfolios outperform noticeably the market index. We find that on average, small and less liquid firms gained higher returns than bigger and more liquid players. The literature defines the small firm effect as a concept which states that small cap firms outperform the large cap firms. Lower prices lead to larger price appreciations. We therefore believe that the phenomena like Small firm effect, Neglected firm effect and Illiquidity premium might explain the obtained results.
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