Automotive Actuators and EVAP TeastingBy Mandy Concepcion This section gives an in depth look at the many actuators and solenoids that make up a modern automotive system. In this book, we'll explore the different actuators' theory of operation, as well as practical testing procedures that will make diagnosing them a lot easier. Additionally, the operation of the basic emission components is also covered. Be patient and take your time in absorbing the information. Hopefully this will make for a great bedside reading. Enjoy and broaden your mind. This work has been a labor of love. It is meant to compliment and broaden the working knowledge of the modern automotive technician. No theoretical information is given, except under certain explanatory circumstances and sections. But most of all, this book was done for you, "The Lone Automotive Mechanic or Technician". This work was done for you. I hope you enjoy and learn from it. Remember, no matter what happens, keep building your knowledge and it'll pay-off in the end. Edition 4.0 Section 2- Actuators and EVAP Testing, Copyright 2004, 2021, All rights reserved. Table of Contents Leak detection pump - (LDP Operation, LDP solenoid, reed switch and related vacuum hoses, analysis of the LDP, conditions that affect the LDP, EVAP system leak, ELECTRICAL TESTS, scanner test, solenoid tests, reed tests, MECHANICAL TESTS) * Fuel injector troubleshooting strategy - (Fuel Injector Operation, correct fuel flow and spray pattern, ground controlled, Injector drivers, saturation and the peak-and-hold type driver, ground or positive controlled, injector cut-off routine, injector waveform analysis, high impedance injector, low impedance injectors, conditions that affect injectors, injector testing, current waveform capture, injector ground test, clogged injector tests) * GM (CS series) alternator repair strategy - (CS alternators operation, different types of alternators, principle of induction, series of diodes, Terminals L, P, F and S, conditions that affect operation, chargeoutput wire tests, alternator testing, L-terminal test, ground test, positive test, using the test light and volt-meter) * Idle Air Control (IAC) Troubleshooting - (IAC operation, IAC stepper motor, pre-programmed desired idle speed, IAC scanner count, duty cycle controlled, regular DC motor IAC, NOSE SWITCH or THROTTLE SWITCH, coolant temperature activated IAC, coolant temperature activated type, IAC testing, using the scan tool and IAC actuator to test, PID tests)* EGR System Troubleshooting Strategy - (EGR theory of operation, coolant temperature activated type, exhaust backpressure sensing, EGR temperature sensing, EGR valve lift position sensing, and MAP/O2 sensor feedback sensing, Ford DPFE sensor, Ref. High and Ref. Low Signal, direct method of EGR monitoring, EGR testing, scanner, multi-meter and vacuum testing, EGR boost sensor, electrical wiring/connector/ECM tests) * EVAP System Diagnostics - (EVAP theory of operation, charcoal canister, supporting fuel vapor hoses, and EVAP purge valve, integration with the ECM, FUEL TRIMS, needed to detect a 0.040" fuel leak, solenoid, LDP type and Reed EVAP sensor, LDP EVAP diagnostics system, LDP diaphragm pump, solenoid based EVAP, closing the vent solenoid, EVAP vacuum switch, condition that affect EVAP operation, cracked vapor hoses, defective fuel tank cap, faulty seals and sensors, broken fuel tank, leaky purge valve, EVAP smoke machine, EVAP Nitrogen test)
In this section, we'll cover diagnostic equipment usage. As an automotive activity, diagnosing modern vehicles has become extremely high-tech oriented and difficult. Few professions involve so much from their practitioner. A modern technician has to master a multitude of disciplines, including electronics, optics, mechanics, programming, computer science and many others. Such highly technological activities require a keen analytical mind. But as in any human endeavors, proficiency comes with practice and patience. The techniques presented in this section combined with the necessary hands on practice are designed to sharpen the technician's abilities to perform profitable and fast diagnostics. With patience and practice, any vehicle can be repaired. Enjoy Edition 4.0, Section 3, Equipment Usage & Repair Strategies, Copyright 2004, 2021, All rights reserved. Section 3 Table of Contents* CURRENT RAMPING STRATEGY - (what's current ramping and how it works, oscilloscope (DSO) and a low/ high amperage clamp-on amp probe, magnetic field, fuel pumps, current ramping a fuel pump, determining the fuel pump speed, commutators, FP waveforms, ignition coil current ramping, Coil-On-Plug current ramping, ignition coil waveforms, current ramping an injector, low Amp probe usage, current ramping compression test)* HESITATION LACK OF POWER REPAIR STRATEGY - (strategy and operation, fuel delivery test, spark reserve test, exhaust pressure, ignition and valve timing, guidelines for a multi-channel scope, visual inspection, ECM in control, air-fuel ratio, 5-gas analyzer, HC, CO, CO2, O2 and Nox analysis, fuel flow, fuel volume analysis, ignition waveform)* FUEL FLOW VOLUME GUIDELINES - (Fuel Volume usage for Dometic cars, Fuel Volume usage for Asian cars, Fuel Volume for Continuous injection cars)* IGNITION COIL WAVEFORM INTERPRETATION - (Parade ignition analysis, Super-imposed, Bar-Graphs, Raster ignition analysis, single cylinder)* IGNITION SYSTEM TESTING STRATEGY - (Ignition current waveform interpretation, low resistance or shorted primary ignition, shorted ignition coil, full coil saturation, Ignition testing strategy, ignition waveform interpretation, coil On-Time, Firing line, Dwell, Turn-Off, Spark line, the main 5-types of misfires, triggering device misfire, CRK and CAM, ignition testing procedures, cranking Kilo-Volts, firing line KVs, WOT KVs, Idle baseline, Pre-Loading, Individual spark line, Distributor, DIS and COP) * A/F RATIO (lean/rich) REPAIR STRATEGY - (Fuel trim diagnostic, air-fuel ratios, ECM in control, Pressure and Volume, Spark issues, O2 not switching) * MINIMUM AIR RATE ADJUSTMENT - (why do we need a Min. AR adjustment, ECM strategy, IAC strategy, Adjustment procedure, a stalling engine, idle re-learn procedure, battery reset)* NO FUEL PRESSURE/VOLUME REPAIR STRATEGY - (No pressure volume symptomatic diagnostic, fuel system operation, fuel systems types, returnless fuel system, variable speed fuel pumps, duty-cycle control, steps to diagnose fuel system issues, defective filter, regulator)* NO INJECTION PULSE STRATEGY - (no injection and pulse diagnostics, crank issues, EFI operation, non-sequential and sequential injection, Direct injection, fuel pulse testing, noid light, injector voltage supply, scanner, the switched side, engine speed signal, injector current)* NO START/NO SPARK REPAIR PROCEDURE - (Visuals, secondary, ignition grounds, ignition power, primary side, ignition neon noid)* NO START GENERAL REPAIR PROCEDURE - (procedures that should be used to diagnose a no start, cranks ok condition, spark, pressure, fuel)* NOTES
Sistemas Avanzados de veh culos h bridos(incluyendo modelos Toyota y Honda)Tabla de contenidosCAP TULO 1 (Fundamentos de h bridos y Procedimientos de Seguridad)La necesidad de sistemas h bridosH brido, Que Hacer y Qu No Hacer stos son algunos definidos de qu hacerH brido: fundamentos y los procedimientos de seguridadH brido: procedimiento de apagar y desactivaci nDe alta tensi n y equipos de medidaHumedad y la alta tensi nCAP TULO 2 (Aerodin mica, h bridos y neum ticos de baja fricci n)Componentes de baja friccion, la bomba de refrigerante de Freon, y el compresor deaire acondicionadoEl sistema de aire acondicionadoSistema de EPS, o direcci n asistida el ctricaLa sustituci n del motor el ctricoRealizaci n de un procedimiento de resto-cero (Zero-Rest)CAP TULO 3 (Electr nica Avanzada para los h bridos)Los peligros del amperaje y circuitos de alta corrienteLas mediciones de corriente utilizando una sonda electromagn tica (clamp)Medida de tensi n en los veh culos h bridos (conceptos avanzados)Medir el circuito de alto voltaje en los cables naranja despu s de un procedimientode apagadoLos resistoresCAP TULO 4 (motor de base el ctrica y energ a)Principio de inducci nMotores el ctricos y de corriente alternaEl motor el ctrico de CCEl motor el ctrico de CADatos importantes acerca de las unidades de motor h brido el ctrico/generadorGenerador t pico de motor h bridoPeligros de los condensadores del inversor internoConmutaci n del motorSensor de Posici n del motor h bridoT cnicas de control del motorDiferencia entre un motor h brido el ctrico y un motor de corriente alternaEl TRIAC y IGBT (Transistor Bipolar de Puerta Aislada)Modo H brido RegenerativoCAP TULO 5 (unidades de energ a AC y DC de Medidas)Medidas de frecuenciaFase de Medici nLas mediciones de voltajeEl uso de una sonda clamp-on (AMP-Probe)Las tres fases de un motor h brido (U, V, W)La Unidad del inversor en el PriusMotores CC sin escobillasCAP TULO 6 (tecnolog a de las bater as de base)Bater a de n quel metal hidruroLa bater a de iones de litioToyota Prius, bater a de alto voltajeUltra-condensadoresV I L A o bateria de acido avanzadaCAP TULO 7 (6 modos h bridos de operaci n)Equipo de control del sistema h bridoModo de aceleraci n LentaModo RegenerativoModo de Desaceleraci nModo Normal de conducci nModo STOP (Pare)M1 es la mayor contribuci n a la Unidad de HibridaCAP TULO 8 (paralelo y sistemas h bridos de la serie)Serie sistema h bridoSerie, paralelo y serie / paralelo h bridaInversor de administraci n de energ asistema h brido paraleloParalelo / Serie sistema h bridoToyota Motor Co. y AISINCAP TULO 9 (El Prius CVT o transmisi n continuamente variable)THS o Hybrid Synergy DriveTransmisi n y engranajes planetariosPunto clave para entender la forma en que esta transmisi n operaHONDA, transmisi n CVTDesactivaci n de cilindros de HondaEquilibrio el ctrico de HondaCAP TULO 10 (Toyota-h brido, sistema espec fico)Conceptos espec ficos en el Toyota h bridoProblemas con la bomba de refrigeranteTanque de gasolina de goma con vejigaEl esc ner y el sistema h bridoBater a de alto voltajeMG1 y MG2, Potencia de salidala bater a Toyota auxiliar de 12 VC mo puentear (Jump Start) un HibridoUna palabra sobre la entrada sin llave de ToyotaPeligros del modo de conducci n el ctricaCAP TULO 11 (Honda h brido, sistema espec fico)El sistema h brido de Honda es muy diferente que el de ToyotaHonda H brido es un dise o simpleIMA o Integrated Motor AssistLa Unidad de motor-generadorEl arranque de 12 voltiosEquilibrio Honda electr nicoEl motor de 1.3Liridio, buj as de encendido suaveHonda Civic desactivaci n de cilindros completa
En la primera parte del siglo 21, nosotros encontramos nuestras vidas entrelazadas con un laberinto de maravillas tecnol gicas. De los tel fonos-celulares a las computadoras personales, ning n ser humano puede escapar. Los autom viles no son ninguna excepci n a esta regla.Con las leyes de emisi nes cambiantes de hoy, una constante en la industria automotor es que las cosas siempre cambian y continuar n haci ndolo. OBD II fue dise ado desde el principio para esto. Los sistemas del veh culo de hoy son mucho m s exigentes, en ambos la cantidad de tecnolog a en ellos y en el conocimiento necesario para repararlos. Este libro se dise teniendo en cuenta un plano de diagn stico lento o paso a paso en OBD II. Tambi n es escrito con las Inspecciones Estatales en la mente. Esto es en respuesta directa a la adopci n creciente de OBD II en inspecciones por la mayor a de los Estados a lo largo del pa s. OBD II no tiene que ser dif cil o embarazoso y el conocimiento es la llave al xito en su diagn sticosy reparaci n.Tabla de ContenidoSecci n 1Los elementos esenciales de OBD IIQue es OBD II.. 2 Por qu nosotros lo necesitamos? El Procedimiento de la Prueba Federal (FTP) ..2El aspecto t cnico de OBD II. (FF, los monitores, Pendiente & los C digos Actuales, El Ciclodel Paseo, Re-poniendo a los monitores, el etc).. 6Codigos de diagnostico y datos (PID) .. 8La aplicacion de PIDs y codigos. FUEL TRIMS y su analisis.. 9Monitores .. 14Que es el marco helado de datos y c mo son tiles en diagn sticos ..15Hay necesidad de un esc ner del OEM o puedo yo sobrevivir con un scanner generico examinacion del escaner? .. 15Gen rico contra Fabricante. Cu l es la diferencia? por qu usted necesita ambos c digos?.. 16El vehiculo fallo la prueba OBD II de Inspecci n, pero est pasando la 5 prueba de emisionesde gas. Por qu es esto? .. 17Los FUEL TRIMS. No es el mismo procedimiento para cada sistema. 17-18El Diagn stico Ejecutivo o Gerente de la Tarea. Qu es? .. 19Las capacidades del mando bi-direccionales est n revolucionando el proceso dediagn stico.. 19Los escapes de EVAP. No tiene que ser complicado ..20Secci n 2Cogiendo datos de base en el sistema incluye recuperando FF, los c digos, & el estado delmonitor.. 2Informaci n de Marcos Conjelados o FREEZE-FRAMES.. 4Supervisando los estados del monitor.. 5Criterio de Escena de c digo. C mo y por qu el c digo se pone en memoria? .. 7El Marco de datos conjelado y Criterio de Escena de C digo. Comparaci n ..9Dividiendo el proceso de diagn stico en los sistemas y usando los c digos para descubrirlas faltas del sistema.. 10Primera regla de diagnostico es conocer el sistema en que usted est trabajando .. 11La perspectiva del Sistema.. 11Qu monitores est n Incompletos. La necesidad de demostrar cada sistema sin tener queejecutar un ciclo de paseo o viaje usando el esc ner, salvando tiempo el dinero.. 16El grabado de PID en baja general.. 13Secci n 3 Casos y Estudio de estos.INTRODUCCI N.. 2Listado en OBD-2 de PID Gen ricos.. 3OBD I y OBD II, y el an lisis de PID general.. 4DESCUBRIMIENTO DE FALTA DE ENTREGA DE GASOLINA.. 4PRUEBA #1.. 8PRUEBE #2.. 9PRUEBE #3... 13PRUEBE #4.. 14EJECUTANDO A LOS MONITORES EN SU MENTE USANDO EL SCANNER.. 16Seccion 4: Reuni ndolo Todo.Los principios de diagn sticos.. 2Alcance b sico de Prueba BidireccionalEl mando.. 3Diagn sticos Generales.. 5La decisi n correcta que hace el proceso una reparaci n leg tima.. 6No asuma nada durante el diagnostico y mantenga una mente neutral.. 7Teniendo en cuenta todo lo dicho. Resumen. 7
Con el contenido creciente de electr nica en veh culos modernos, la necesidadde comprender y usar conceptos el ctricos y lectura de diagrama esimportant simo; tanto como el uso de los equipos. A n mas, la lectura dediagrama el ctricos requiere un poco de conocimiento de electricidad yexperiencia. Conociendo las leyes del flujo de electrones o electricidad ustedposeer la destreza necesaria para este tipo de diagnostico. El DVDque acompa a este libro es un complemento mas en este curso numero 1de sistemas electr nicos automotrices. Suerte y disfrute.CURSO de ELECTRONICA AUTOMOTRIZ(Curso 1)(incluyendo c mo leer los diagramas de cableado)Tabla de Contenido- Introducci n- Teor a de los electrones y tomos- Los tomos y los electrones- Las fuerzas se repelen y atraen a diferencia- Teor a de los electrones y Metales- Qu es la corriente?- Cu l es la resistencia?- La resistencia en serie y en paralelo- Resistencia y Potencia- Qu es la tensi n?- Introducci n a los transistores?- Cu les son los transformadores?- An lisis del flujo de corriente- Interruptores y rel s
Curso de Electr nica Automotriz 2(Curso numero 2)(Incluyendo lectura de diagramas el ctricos)Con el contenido creciente de electr nica en veh culos modernos, la necesidadde comprender y usar conceptos el ctricos y lectura de diagrama es important simo;tanto como el uso de los equipos. A n mas, la lectura de diagrama el ctricosrequiere un poco de conocimiento de electricidad y experiencia. Conociendolas leyes del flujo de electrones o electricidad usted poseer la destreza necesariapara este tipo de diagnostico. El DVD que acompa a este libro es un complementomas en este curso numero 1 de sistemas electr nicos automotrices. Suertey disfrute.Curso de Electr nica Automotriz 2(Incluyendo lectura de diagramas el ctricos)Tabla de ContenidoSecci n-1 C mo trabajan los inyectores de combustibleDentro de un inyector de combustibleCantidad de combustible suministrado al motorInyector PICO-y-HOLDM dulos electr nicos y controladoresSistemas de CAN y LIN, Conexi n de red b sicaLos m dulos de control de los sistemasDiferencia entre la trayectoria actual y la trayectoria de datosEl osciloscopio o MMG (multimetro gr fico)Secci n-2Estrategia unificada de diagn sticoCircuito de PotenciaSeguros de puertas el ctricosCircuito de refrigeraci nCircuitos del PitoSistemas de Control de VelocidadCircuito del ventilador
En esta secci n se explicara a profundidad el funcionamiento de los censores de au-tom viles modernos. Como en la mayor a de los casos en este libro, se le dar una atenci n especial a la aplicaci n practica de diagnostico. A la ves, procedimientos dados aqu ser n acompa ados de la teor a necesaria para su entendimiento. Los nombres de los censores ser n acompa ados por su traducci n al Ingles en par nte-sis. Se le sugiere al lector referirse al Video-DVD complementario de esta serie. Disfruten.Secci n 1 Tabla de Contenido -Sensor de Oxigeno (O2 Sensor)...................................... 1-2 -Sensor de posici n del acelerador (APP) ....................... 1-6 -Sensor de rbol de levas y cig e al (CAM & CRK) ........1-10 -Sensor de temperatura del motor (ECT) ........................ 1-18 -Sensor de temperatura del aire (IAT) ............................ ..1-22 -Sensor de detonaci n (Knock Sensor) ............................1-24 -Sensor de admisi n de aire (MAF) ................................... 1-27 -Sensor de vaci del m ltiple de entrada (MAP) ..............1-32 -Sensor de posici n de la v lvula mariposa (TPS) ...........1-37 -Sensor de velocidad del veh culo (VSS) ..........................1-42 -Sensor de presi n del aire-condicionado (A/C-P/S) ..........1-47 -Sensor de presi n de combustible (FRP) ........................1-49 -Sensor de flojo de la v lvula de purgar gases (PFS) .......1-51 -Sensor de raci n de aire/combustible (AFR) ..................1-52 -NOTAS ......................................................................... 1-62
Esta secci n da una explicaci n profunda de los muchos accionadores y solenoides que componen un autom vil moderno. En este articulo expondremos la teor a de operaci n de estos componentes, y tambi n los procedimientos de prueba. Esto har el diagnostico de estos sistemas mucho mas f cil. Adicionalmente, la operaci n de sistemas de emisiones tambi n ser expuesta. Sea paciente y t mese su tiempo en absorber este material. Disfruten y tenga un aprendizaje ameno.Prueba de Accionadores Automotrices y Sistemas EVAP(Estrategias de Diagnostico de Sistemas de Autom viles Modernos)Seccion 2 - Tabla de Contenidos- Bomba deteccion de salidero................................................ 2-2- Estrategia de pruebas del inyector ....................................... 2-6- Alternadores GM y prueba de estos .................................... 2-13- Valvula de Control de Velocidad Baja del Motor................... 2-16- Sistema EGR de Re-introduccion de Gases ......................... 2-21- Diagnostico de Sistema EVAP .............................................. 2-27
En esta secci n, cubri remos lo b sico y mas complejo para el diagnostico automotriz. Como una actividad auto motiva, diagnosticar veh culos modernos se ha transformado extremadamente de alta tecnolog a por lo cual su orientaci n es muy dif cil. Pocas profesiones envuelven mucho de los que lo practican. Un t cnico actualizado tiene que perfeccionar una cantidad de disciplina, incluyendo la electr nica, ptico, mec nica, programaciones, ciencia en computadoras y muchas otras. Tan alta actividad de tecnolog a se requiere una mente bien anal tica. Pero como cualquier af n humano, todo viene con pr ctica y paciencia. Las t cnicas de uso de equipos y diagnostico sintom tico presentadas en esta secci n combinada con la pr ctica necesaria son designadas a afilar la habilidad del t cnico para realizar ganancias y r pido diagn stico. Con pr ctica y paciencia, cualquier veh culo puede ser reparado. E aqu la tabla de contenidos Disfrute Contenidos de este libro (Seccion 3)- LECTURA DE CANTIDAD DE CORRIENTE 3-6- Analices de se al de corriente en la bobina de encendido 3-9- ESTRATEGIAS DE DIAGNOSTICO DE FALTA DE PODER 3-12- ORIENTACION GENERAL DEL FLUJO Y VOLUMEN DE GASOLINA 3-15- Interpretacion de la Onda de la Bobina de Encendido 3-20- INTERPRETACION DE ONDA DE SE AL DE CORRIENTE DE LA BOBINA DE ENCENDIDO 3-21- ESTRATEGIA DEL EXAMEN DEL SYSTEMA DE ENCENDIDO 3-24- ESTRATEGIA de RACION (LEAN/RICH) de la MEZCLA 3-27- AJUSTE MINIMO DEL RITMO DEL AIRE o MARCHA BAJA 3-25- ESTRATEGIA DE REPARACION SIN PRESION Y SIN VOLUMEM 3-31- ESTRATEGIA DE INJECCION SIN PULSO 3-34- PROCEDIMIENTO DE DIAGNOSTICO DEL MOTOR SIN CHISPA 3-38- PROCEDIMIENTO GENERAL DE REPARACION DEL MOTOR SIN ARRANCAR 3-39- NOTAS 3-40
Automotive Computer Network Repair(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy Concepcion In this book we will cover the intricacies of automotive inter-module communication systems or networks. The scope of this section will also go beyond the normal needs of an automotive technician. Hence, this will probably be the most difficult part of this series to comprehend. Be patient and open minded. Always give yourself time to absorb the knowledge and do not be discouraged. Special emphasis will be placed on the CAN system (Controller Area Network), since it is now the standard.CAN is one of the 9 OBD-2 protocols. A protocol is an agreement on communications interchange. It is in essence a computer communication language and specifies signaling, wiring, size of cables used, who controls the network and voltage levels. Various protocols were used in the past, some proprietary and some generic such as ISO 9141 and SAE 1850 VPW, but the standard is now the CAN protocol. Virtually all vehicle networks now talk to each other though the CAN protocol. It is now common place to see the seat belt, SRS-Airbag, transmission, ABS-Brakes, engine and radio modules or computer talking to each other through the network. Ever wondered why your radio volume goes up when you accelerate the vehicle? That's the engine computer or module telling the radio to raise the volume due to a higher RPM and hence higher ambient noise. It is also common to see a non-shifting transmission due to a faulty network and the issue not being related to the transmission at all. Hopefully this book will shed some light on the operation and knowledge needed to tackle automotive networks in today's vehicles...... Enjoy. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION * - Automotive inter-module communication systems or networks* - Asian, Domestics and European Vehicles* - Fully Networked vehicles.2. THE NEED FOR IN-VEHICLE NETWORKING * - Use of electrical and electronic components* - Networked automotive sensors.* - Sharing of sensor information* - Weight savings and the simpler wiring harnesses* - Networking and modular systems3. THE NEED FOR PROTOCOLS * - CAN or Controller Area Network communication protocol* - CLASS A - Low speed* - CLASS B - Medium speed* - CLASS C - High speed* - SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers)* - ISO (International Standards Organization)* - What is a Gateway?4. NETWORKING ESSENTIALS * - the 7-layer ISO/OSI reference model* - PHYSICAL LAYER* - DATA LINK LAYER* - APPLICATION LAYER* - Medium Access* - CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS or CSMA* - Network latency* - The Topology of a network* - The STAR topology* - The BUS topology* - The TREE topology* - The RING topology5. DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION NETWORK * - The CCD data bus (Chrysler Collision Detection)* - CCD bus ground* - CCD bus bias voltage* - OEM scan tool (DRB III)* - NO TERMINATION message fault* - The PCI bus (Programmable Communications Interface)* - A CSMA/CD media access scheme* - The Header, DATA, CRC, IFR and EOF elements* - DCL (Data Communications Link)* - circuit 914 and 915* - SCP (J1850) (Standard Corporate Protocol)* - Dual wire twisted pair bus topology* - The ISO 9141 protocol* - The NGS "DATA LINK DIAGNOSTICS" menu option* - GM (Data Line) UART Serial Communications* - UART data line communications* - GM CLASS 2 data bus* - State of health messages* - The Tech-2 scanner has a dynamic menu configuration* - The Tech-2's PING-ALL-MODULES6. CAN (Controller Area Network)* - implementation of the CAN protocol* - 11 bit and 29 bit identifyer* - EPA approved for MY 2003 and up* - CAN A, B and C* - MID and PID CAN identifyers* - Master time-keeper-node* - Drive-by-wire systems* - Byteflight, Flexray, and Time-triggered CAN or TTCAN* - The CAN Data-Frame* - The CAN bus-access arbitration* - SOF (start-of-frame) bit* - Control bit* - Arbitration bits* - Data bits* - EOF or end of frame bit
AUTOMOTIVE IGNITION SYSTEMS EXPLAINED - GM(General Motors Ignition Systems)By MANDY CONCEPCION This book, concentrates on testing procedures and techniques dealing specifically with General Motors family of vehicles (Chevy, Buick, Pontiac, Old, Cadillac, GMC). The book provides specific operational characteristics or how the system works, as well as how to test them. Special care is given to present the procedures without the use of expensive equipment and tools. Often times with just a test light and multi-meter. Here we cover most of GM's previous and current ignition systems. The first section presents the principles and inner workings of modern diagnostic systems from a generalized perspective for those of you not familiar with the subject. Careful attention is given to expose all major systems from distributor based to COP or distributorless ignition. The other subsequent sections concentrate on GM specific procedures. This book is a great companion for those of you wanting to learn more about the subject of automotive ignition systems, for both professional and DIY technicians, auto-tech students and instructors wanting to use material for in-class training. It is also a deal reference work for on-the-job ignition testing. All sections have been updated to reflect modern state of technology, since all out books are periodically updated as technology changes. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of Contents Basics of Modern Automotive Ignition Systems (Basic facts and information on ignition systems.)* - The Mechanical Ignition System (Explains the basics of a mechanical ignition systems, the coil high voltage generation, the job of the Platinum points, as well as ignition coil induction process.)* - The ignition switch (The Distributor, Ignition Coil, Ignition Timing, Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs (Covers basic and advanced concepts on these components.)* - The Electronic Ignition System (Covering pick-up coils, speed sensors, relluctor tone rings, switching of the ignition coil and voltage level developed in newer systems.)* - The Distributorless Ignition system (distributorless ignition and how to follow its circuit, operation and testing.)* - GM H.E.I. (Even though it's an older system, there're plenty of these systems around and make for a primer on electronic ignition.)* - General Motors Ignition Cassette System (Learn to test these systems in detail.)* - GM Compression Sense Ignition (CSI enables the Powertrain Control Module to determine proper engine phasing (cam position) without the use of a separate camshaft position sensor.)* - Testing GM Ignition Control System on 4.3L, 5.0L and 5.7L (diagnose and test a BAD Ignition Control Module and Ignition Coil for the 4.3L, 5.0L and 5.7L engine family.)* - Testing the Ignition Control System on a QUAD-4 (GM 2.4L) (With this test, you'll be able to pinpoint the problem to the Ignition Control Module (ICM) or the Crankshaft Position Sensor (7X CKP Sensor).)* - Testing Ignition Control System on a GM 3.1L, 3.4L (This section will help you test the Ignition Control Module (ICM) and 3X, 7X Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor on all of the GM 3.1L and 3.4L overhead valve engines.)* - Testing GM COP Ignition Systems on GM 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L and 8.1L (Every step is explained in plain English and with photos to guide you every step of the way. Also, all tests are ON CAR tests and done without a Scan Tool.)
Automotive Repair Case Studies(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy ConcepcionIn this section, we'll take a look at automotive diagnostics in action. An effort has been made to look at problems in different ways, in each of the examples. Although there are many ways to perform the same task, the idea here is to show the technician or avid DIY mechanic the different ways to go about diagnosing automobiles. Special attention is given to specific systems and different makes and models. The different real life diagnostic cases are explained from narrated perspective to make learning easier. Hopefully you find this section enlightening and productive. Enjoy your readings.Table of Contents* - Audi data bus signal recognition (exposes the intricacies of diagnosing vehicle networks and how computers talk to each other.)* - Cadi idle re-learn (explains the importance of module re-learn procedure, which is done by re-adapting the ECM to a new sensor.)* - Case of the EVAPs (these emission systems are difficult to diagnose, due to their complexities.)* - Computer Data Lines (scan tools talk to the different engine modules or computers through the data line or bus. See how to diagnose this type of problem.)* - Faulty EGR operation (the EGR is in charge of lowering combustion temperatures. But issue with this system can cause pinging, performance, misfire and countless other issues.)* - Lean (dirty) MAF (the lean condition comprises about 60% of all engine performance issues. Learn to deal with this situation.)* - The case of the low volume (Fuel pumps deliver both pressure and volume. If one of these is missing then the engine has problems.)* - Unsynchronized CAM & CRK signals (CAM and CRK signal synchronization is needed for the engine to start.)* - Wrong MAP reading (The manifold air pressure is a main input to the ECM. See how this sensor creates havoc with the engine.)* - The Cadi's dual crank affair (this Cadillac's engine control system has dual crank sensors. Learn to diagnose these systems.)* - Analytical misfire code (Misfires are difficult to diagnose and this case shows precisely that.)* - The misfire ghost (A case of hard to find misfire.)
Automotive Vehicle Strategies and ECM Modes(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy ConcepcionThis book is divided into two sections, "Vehicle Operational Strategies", which detail what's needed for and engine to start. In other words, this section concentrates on the signals needed for a particular manufacturer to make the engine run. These signal strategies are true regardless of the system and the section simply zeros in on the actual signal, whether it's a distributor, DIS, COP, etc. The second section is the "ECM operational modes" and goes into details on why and how the ECM does what it needs to do to run the engine. In other words, this section has to do with the behavior of the ECM according to outside conditions.VEHICLE OPERATIONAL STRATEGIESThis section is designed to serve as a functional guide to some of the more difficult to diagnose faults. It basically came about from the trial and error experimentation with different systems, during the diagnostic process. It is not a study section per se, but will definitelyenlighten the technician as to the logics of different systems on the market today. Hopefully, it will serve to pinpoint the source of an actual problem.ECM OPERATIONAL MODES In this section, we'll take a look at automotive OPERATIONAL MODES. The section deals with the specifics of internal ECM programming strategies. The knowledge gained here will aide the modern technician is deciphering why is the ECM functioning in a specific way. This section, as in other parts of this book, helps to answer the technician's diagnostic basic question "What is the ECM seeing, that's causing it to do what it does?"Table of ContentsVEHICLE OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES- HONDA IGNITION & INJECTION STRATEGY- MAZDA IGNITION STRATEGY- MAZDA EEC IV IGNITION STRATEGY- MITSUBISHI/HYUNDAI IGNITION STRATEGY- NISSAN IGNITION STRATEGY- NISSAN COP IGNITION STRATEGY- TOYOTA IGNITION STRATEGYECM OPERATIONAL MODES- CRANKING ENRICHMENT MODE- ENGINE WARM-UP MODE- OPEN-LOOP MODE- CLOSE-LOOP MODE- ACCELERATION ENRICHMENT MODE- DECELERATION ENLEANMENT MODE- IDLE SPEED CONTROL MODE- LOW VOLTAGE CORRECTION MODE- CLEAR FLOOD MODE- SELECTIVE FUEL INJECTOR CUT-OFF MODE- LIMP-HOME MODE- EXHAUST VARIABLE VALVE TIMING/EGR CONTROL MODE
Techniques on Using Automotive Diagnostic Equipment(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy ConcepcionThis "Tools and Equipment" (Techniques on Using Automotive Diagnostic Equipment) book serves as a basic primer for any future equipment purchasing decisions, as well as operating and learning the use of these advanced gadgets. An effort was made to cover some of the OEM (Dealer) tools available today. Furthermore, detailed operational explanations were presented so as to introduce and explain the intricacies of each tool. Emphasis was also placed on module re-flashing or reprogramming, since it is becoming an integral part of automotive repair. This section was produced without the sponsoring of anyone company and any opinion expressed by the author is totally unbiased.Table of ContentsTechniques on Using Automotive Diagnostic Equipment(A Tool and Equipment Section)* Introduction* TEST LIGHT * POWER PROBE * DIGITAL MULTIMETER * AMP-PROBE (Low & High Current) * SOUND (Tone) SIGNAL TRACER * IAC ACTUATOR * IR (Infra-Red) THERMOMETER * SCAN TOOLS * OEM SCANNERS: * DRB III, * TECH-2, * NGS, * I-PRO (Hi Scan), * Vehicle Reflashing (Re-Programming), * Off-Board Re-programming and Re-FLashing* OSCILLOSCOPES, DSO, Fulke
Stories from the Road 3 (A Case Studies on Modern Automotive Diagnostics) An Automotive Case Studies Series By Mandy Concepcion This book series, "Stories from the Road - Automotive Case Studies 3" is a real work in action about the intricacies of modern automotive diagnostics. It is based on actual real life situations. From this book you may extract real-life lessons, which will help you as an automotive aficionado, DIY mechanic and professional technician. The work is divided into narrated stories representing real-life applications of diagnostic technology, equipment usage, repair techniques and knowledge based information. Here, you'll get input on how to use the automotive scan-tool, OBD-2 ECM/PCM readers, oscilloscope, graphing multi-meter, signal tone injector and many other diagnostic tools. You'll also get deep insights on testing all kinds of sensors and actuators, such as injectors, solenoids, transmission components, motors, fuel pumps, CAM and crank sensors, TPS, MAF, Knock and pretty much every component seen today. All the content is presented on a narrated, story like format to make the knowledge easy and fun to comprehend. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of Contents * - Driver's Seat Diagnostics (Fantastic case study that shows a new term in automotive diagnostics called "Driver's Seat Diagnostics", which makes use of PC based tools to diagnose tough faults. DSD will not work on all cases, but it's a power technique and will save lots of time.) * - El Dorado's Frozen into Oblivion (The weather certainly plays a part in the operation of any automobile. However, these issues are not so easy to detect and your knowledge of the right technique is a must.) * - Electro Hybrid Technician (Hybrid vehicles are both dangerous and complex. See how it's done here in this real world case study. Learn the procedure to diagnosing and repairing the newer hybrid vehicles.) * - Ford E250 Incognito Relay (The way vehicles are manufactured plays a huge part on why components are designed in the specific way that they are. This however plays havoc on the repair technician. See why.) * - FORD E250 Speeding Rocket (What, an aerospace issue with a modern vehicle? Not really, but this is a strange case indeed. See the ramifications and the intertwined nature of auto repair and components.) * - Ford Fiesta Catalytic Converter Efficiency Deal (Catalytic converter diagnostics is a major issue with any repair shop. Technicians scramble to properly diagnose these system and not erroneously replace the converter. See how it's done.) * - Ford Ranger and the CAM Synchronizer (The CAM or camshaft sensor is a major input to any newer sequentially injected vehicle. But, these components are often times difficult and tricky to replace. THis is a wonderful case that illustrates the issue. See how it's done.)
