Esta secci n da una explicaci n profunda de los muchos accionadores y solenoides que componen un autom vil moderno. En este articulo expondremos la teor a de operaci n de estos componentes, y tambi n los procedimientos de prueba. Esto har el diagnostico de estos sistemas mucho mas f cil. Adicionalmente, la operaci n de sistemas de emisiones tambi n ser expuesta. Sea paciente y t mese su tiempo en absorber este material. Disfruten y tenga un aprendizaje ameno.Prueba de Accionadores Automotrices y Sistemas EVAP(Estrategias de Diagnostico de Sistemas de Autom viles Modernos)Seccion 2 - Tabla de Contenidos- Bomba deteccion de salidero................................................ 2-2- Estrategia de pruebas del inyector ....................................... 2-6- Alternadores GM y prueba de estos .................................... 2-13- Valvula de Control de Velocidad Baja del Motor................... 2-16- Sistema EGR de Re-introduccion de Gases ......................... 2-21- Diagnostico de Sistema EVAP .............................................. 2-27
En esta secci n, cubri remos lo b sico y mas complejo para el diagnostico automotriz. Como una actividad auto motiva, diagnosticar veh culos modernos se ha transformado extremadamente de alta tecnolog a por lo cual su orientaci n es muy dif cil. Pocas profesiones envuelven mucho de los que lo practican. Un t cnico actualizado tiene que perfeccionar una cantidad de disciplina, incluyendo la electr nica, ptico, mec nica, programaciones, ciencia en computadoras y muchas otras. Tan alta actividad de tecnolog a se requiere una mente bien anal tica. Pero como cualquier af n humano, todo viene con pr ctica y paciencia. Las t cnicas de uso de equipos y diagnostico sintom tico presentadas en esta secci n combinada con la pr ctica necesaria son designadas a afilar la habilidad del t cnico para realizar ganancias y r pido diagn stico. Con pr ctica y paciencia, cualquier veh culo puede ser reparado. E aqu la tabla de contenidos Disfrute Contenidos de este libro (Seccion 3)- LECTURA DE CANTIDAD DE CORRIENTE 3-6- Analices de se al de corriente en la bobina de encendido 3-9- ESTRATEGIAS DE DIAGNOSTICO DE FALTA DE PODER 3-12- ORIENTACION GENERAL DEL FLUJO Y VOLUMEN DE GASOLINA 3-15- Interpretacion de la Onda de la Bobina de Encendido 3-20- INTERPRETACION DE ONDA DE SE AL DE CORRIENTE DE LA BOBINA DE ENCENDIDO 3-21- ESTRATEGIA DEL EXAMEN DEL SYSTEMA DE ENCENDIDO 3-24- ESTRATEGIA de RACION (LEAN/RICH) de la MEZCLA 3-27- AJUSTE MINIMO DEL RITMO DEL AIRE o MARCHA BAJA 3-25- ESTRATEGIA DE REPARACION SIN PRESION Y SIN VOLUMEM 3-31- ESTRATEGIA DE INJECCION SIN PULSO 3-34- PROCEDIMIENTO DE DIAGNOSTICO DEL MOTOR SIN CHISPA 3-38- PROCEDIMIENTO GENERAL DE REPARACION DEL MOTOR SIN ARRANCAR 3-39- NOTAS 3-40
Automotive Computer Network Repair(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy Concepcion In this book we will cover the intricacies of automotive inter-module communication systems or networks. The scope of this section will also go beyond the normal needs of an automotive technician. Hence, this will probably be the most difficult part of this series to comprehend. Be patient and open minded. Always give yourself time to absorb the knowledge and do not be discouraged. Special emphasis will be placed on the CAN system (Controller Area Network), since it is now the standard.CAN is one of the 9 OBD-2 protocols. A protocol is an agreement on communications interchange. It is in essence a computer communication language and specifies signaling, wiring, size of cables used, who controls the network and voltage levels. Various protocols were used in the past, some proprietary and some generic such as ISO 9141 and SAE 1850 VPW, but the standard is now the CAN protocol. Virtually all vehicle networks now talk to each other though the CAN protocol. It is now common place to see the seat belt, SRS-Airbag, transmission, ABS-Brakes, engine and radio modules or computer talking to each other through the network. Ever wondered why your radio volume goes up when you accelerate the vehicle? That's the engine computer or module telling the radio to raise the volume due to a higher RPM and hence higher ambient noise. It is also common to see a non-shifting transmission due to a faulty network and the issue not being related to the transmission at all. Hopefully this book will shed some light on the operation and knowledge needed to tackle automotive networks in today's vehicles...... Enjoy. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION * - Automotive inter-module communication systems or networks* - Asian, Domestics and European Vehicles* - Fully Networked vehicles.2. THE NEED FOR IN-VEHICLE NETWORKING * - Use of electrical and electronic components* - Networked automotive sensors.* - Sharing of sensor information* - Weight savings and the simpler wiring harnesses* - Networking and modular systems3. THE NEED FOR PROTOCOLS * - CAN or Controller Area Network communication protocol* - CLASS A - Low speed* - CLASS B - Medium speed* - CLASS C - High speed* - SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers)* - ISO (International Standards Organization)* - What is a Gateway?4. NETWORKING ESSENTIALS * - the 7-layer ISO/OSI reference model* - PHYSICAL LAYER* - DATA LINK LAYER* - APPLICATION LAYER* - Medium Access* - CARRIER SENSE MULTIPLE ACCESS or CSMA* - Network latency* - The Topology of a network* - The STAR topology* - The BUS topology* - The TREE topology* - The RING topology5. DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION NETWORK * - The CCD data bus (Chrysler Collision Detection)* - CCD bus ground* - CCD bus bias voltage* - OEM scan tool (DRB III)* - NO TERMINATION message fault* - The PCI bus (Programmable Communications Interface)* - A CSMA/CD media access scheme* - The Header, DATA, CRC, IFR and EOF elements* - DCL (Data Communications Link)* - circuit 914 and 915* - SCP (J1850) (Standard Corporate Protocol)* - Dual wire twisted pair bus topology* - The ISO 9141 protocol* - The NGS "DATA LINK DIAGNOSTICS" menu option* - GM (Data Line) UART Serial Communications* - UART data line communications* - GM CLASS 2 data bus* - State of health messages* - The Tech-2 scanner has a dynamic menu configuration* - The Tech-2's PING-ALL-MODULES6. CAN (Controller Area Network)* - implementation of the CAN protocol* - 11 bit and 29 bit identifyer* - EPA approved for MY 2003 and up* - CAN A, B and C* - MID and PID CAN identifyers* - Master time-keeper-node* - Drive-by-wire systems* - Byteflight, Flexray, and Time-triggered CAN or TTCAN* - The CAN Data-Frame* - The CAN bus-access arbitration* - SOF (start-of-frame) bit* - Control bit* - Arbitration bits* - Data bits* - EOF or end of frame bit
AUTOMOTIVE IGNITION SYSTEMS EXPLAINED - GM(General Motors Ignition Systems)By MANDY CONCEPCION This book, concentrates on testing procedures and techniques dealing specifically with General Motors family of vehicles (Chevy, Buick, Pontiac, Old, Cadillac, GMC). The book provides specific operational characteristics or how the system works, as well as how to test them. Special care is given to present the procedures without the use of expensive equipment and tools. Often times with just a test light and multi-meter. Here we cover most of GM's previous and current ignition systems. The first section presents the principles and inner workings of modern diagnostic systems from a generalized perspective for those of you not familiar with the subject. Careful attention is given to expose all major systems from distributor based to COP or distributorless ignition. The other subsequent sections concentrate on GM specific procedures. This book is a great companion for those of you wanting to learn more about the subject of automotive ignition systems, for both professional and DIY technicians, auto-tech students and instructors wanting to use material for in-class training. It is also a deal reference work for on-the-job ignition testing. All sections have been updated to reflect modern state of technology, since all out books are periodically updated as technology changes. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of Contents Basics of Modern Automotive Ignition Systems (Basic facts and information on ignition systems.)* - The Mechanical Ignition System (Explains the basics of a mechanical ignition systems, the coil high voltage generation, the job of the Platinum points, as well as ignition coil induction process.)* - The ignition switch (The Distributor, Ignition Coil, Ignition Timing, Ignition Wires, Spark Plugs (Covers basic and advanced concepts on these components.)* - The Electronic Ignition System (Covering pick-up coils, speed sensors, relluctor tone rings, switching of the ignition coil and voltage level developed in newer systems.)* - The Distributorless Ignition system (distributorless ignition and how to follow its circuit, operation and testing.)* - GM H.E.I. (Even though it's an older system, there're plenty of these systems around and make for a primer on electronic ignition.)* - General Motors Ignition Cassette System (Learn to test these systems in detail.)* - GM Compression Sense Ignition (CSI enables the Powertrain Control Module to determine proper engine phasing (cam position) without the use of a separate camshaft position sensor.)* - Testing GM Ignition Control System on 4.3L, 5.0L and 5.7L (diagnose and test a BAD Ignition Control Module and Ignition Coil for the 4.3L, 5.0L and 5.7L engine family.)* - Testing the Ignition Control System on a QUAD-4 (GM 2.4L) (With this test, you'll be able to pinpoint the problem to the Ignition Control Module (ICM) or the Crankshaft Position Sensor (7X CKP Sensor).)* - Testing Ignition Control System on a GM 3.1L, 3.4L (This section will help you test the Ignition Control Module (ICM) and 3X, 7X Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor on all of the GM 3.1L and 3.4L overhead valve engines.)* - Testing GM COP Ignition Systems on GM 4.8L, 5.3L, 6.0L and 8.1L (Every step is explained in plain English and with photos to guide you every step of the way. Also, all tests are ON CAR tests and done without a Scan Tool.)
Automotive Repair Case Studies(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy ConcepcionIn this section, we'll take a look at automotive diagnostics in action. An effort has been made to look at problems in different ways, in each of the examples. Although there are many ways to perform the same task, the idea here is to show the technician or avid DIY mechanic the different ways to go about diagnosing automobiles. Special attention is given to specific systems and different makes and models. The different real life diagnostic cases are explained from narrated perspective to make learning easier. Hopefully you find this section enlightening and productive. Enjoy your readings.Table of Contents* - Audi data bus signal recognition (exposes the intricacies of diagnosing vehicle networks and how computers talk to each other.)* - Cadi idle re-learn (explains the importance of module re-learn procedure, which is done by re-adapting the ECM to a new sensor.)* - Case of the EVAPs (these emission systems are difficult to diagnose, due to their complexities.)* - Computer Data Lines (scan tools talk to the different engine modules or computers through the data line or bus. See how to diagnose this type of problem.)* - Faulty EGR operation (the EGR is in charge of lowering combustion temperatures. But issue with this system can cause pinging, performance, misfire and countless other issues.)* - Lean (dirty) MAF (the lean condition comprises about 60% of all engine performance issues. Learn to deal with this situation.)* - The case of the low volume (Fuel pumps deliver both pressure and volume. If one of these is missing then the engine has problems.)* - Unsynchronized CAM & CRK signals (CAM and CRK signal synchronization is needed for the engine to start.)* - Wrong MAP reading (The manifold air pressure is a main input to the ECM. See how this sensor creates havoc with the engine.)* - The Cadi's dual crank affair (this Cadillac's engine control system has dual crank sensors. Learn to diagnose these systems.)* - Analytical misfire code (Misfires are difficult to diagnose and this case shows precisely that.)* - The misfire ghost (A case of hard to find misfire.)
Automotive Vehicle Strategies and ECM Modes(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy ConcepcionThis book is divided into two sections, "Vehicle Operational Strategies", which detail what's needed for and engine to start. In other words, this section concentrates on the signals needed for a particular manufacturer to make the engine run. These signal strategies are true regardless of the system and the section simply zeros in on the actual signal, whether it's a distributor, DIS, COP, etc. The second section is the "ECM operational modes" and goes into details on why and how the ECM does what it needs to do to run the engine. In other words, this section has to do with the behavior of the ECM according to outside conditions.VEHICLE OPERATIONAL STRATEGIESThis section is designed to serve as a functional guide to some of the more difficult to diagnose faults. It basically came about from the trial and error experimentation with different systems, during the diagnostic process. It is not a study section per se, but will definitelyenlighten the technician as to the logics of different systems on the market today. Hopefully, it will serve to pinpoint the source of an actual problem.ECM OPERATIONAL MODES In this section, we'll take a look at automotive OPERATIONAL MODES. The section deals with the specifics of internal ECM programming strategies. The knowledge gained here will aide the modern technician is deciphering why is the ECM functioning in a specific way. This section, as in other parts of this book, helps to answer the technician's diagnostic basic question "What is the ECM seeing, that's causing it to do what it does?"Table of ContentsVEHICLE OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES- HONDA IGNITION & INJECTION STRATEGY- MAZDA IGNITION STRATEGY- MAZDA EEC IV IGNITION STRATEGY- MITSUBISHI/HYUNDAI IGNITION STRATEGY- NISSAN IGNITION STRATEGY- NISSAN COP IGNITION STRATEGY- TOYOTA IGNITION STRATEGYECM OPERATIONAL MODES- CRANKING ENRICHMENT MODE- ENGINE WARM-UP MODE- OPEN-LOOP MODE- CLOSE-LOOP MODE- ACCELERATION ENRICHMENT MODE- DECELERATION ENLEANMENT MODE- IDLE SPEED CONTROL MODE- LOW VOLTAGE CORRECTION MODE- CLEAR FLOOD MODE- SELECTIVE FUEL INJECTOR CUT-OFF MODE- LIMP-HOME MODE- EXHAUST VARIABLE VALVE TIMING/EGR CONTROL MODE
Techniques on Using Automotive Diagnostic Equipment(Diagnostic Strategies of Modern Automotive Systems)By Mandy ConcepcionThis "Tools and Equipment" (Techniques on Using Automotive Diagnostic Equipment) book serves as a basic primer for any future equipment purchasing decisions, as well as operating and learning the use of these advanced gadgets. An effort was made to cover some of the OEM (Dealer) tools available today. Furthermore, detailed operational explanations were presented so as to introduce and explain the intricacies of each tool. Emphasis was also placed on module re-flashing or reprogramming, since it is becoming an integral part of automotive repair. This section was produced without the sponsoring of anyone company and any opinion expressed by the author is totally unbiased.Table of ContentsTechniques on Using Automotive Diagnostic Equipment(A Tool and Equipment Section)* Introduction* TEST LIGHT * POWER PROBE * DIGITAL MULTIMETER * AMP-PROBE (Low & High Current) * SOUND (Tone) SIGNAL TRACER * IAC ACTUATOR * IR (Infra-Red) THERMOMETER * SCAN TOOLS * OEM SCANNERS: * DRB III, * TECH-2, * NGS, * I-PRO (Hi Scan), * Vehicle Reflashing (Re-Programming), * Off-Board Re-programming and Re-FLashing* OSCILLOSCOPES, DSO, Fulke
Stories from the Road 3 (A Case Studies on Modern Automotive Diagnostics) An Automotive Case Studies Series By Mandy Concepcion This book series, "Stories from the Road - Automotive Case Studies 3" is a real work in action about the intricacies of modern automotive diagnostics. It is based on actual real life situations. From this book you may extract real-life lessons, which will help you as an automotive aficionado, DIY mechanic and professional technician. The work is divided into narrated stories representing real-life applications of diagnostic technology, equipment usage, repair techniques and knowledge based information. Here, you'll get input on how to use the automotive scan-tool, OBD-2 ECM/PCM readers, oscilloscope, graphing multi-meter, signal tone injector and many other diagnostic tools. You'll also get deep insights on testing all kinds of sensors and actuators, such as injectors, solenoids, transmission components, motors, fuel pumps, CAM and crank sensors, TPS, MAF, Knock and pretty much every component seen today. All the content is presented on a narrated, story like format to make the knowledge easy and fun to comprehend. With that in mind, enjoy your readings. Table of Contents * - Driver's Seat Diagnostics (Fantastic case study that shows a new term in automotive diagnostics called "Driver's Seat Diagnostics", which makes use of PC based tools to diagnose tough faults. DSD will not work on all cases, but it's a power technique and will save lots of time.) * - El Dorado's Frozen into Oblivion (The weather certainly plays a part in the operation of any automobile. However, these issues are not so easy to detect and your knowledge of the right technique is a must.) * - Electro Hybrid Technician (Hybrid vehicles are both dangerous and complex. See how it's done here in this real world case study. Learn the procedure to diagnosing and repairing the newer hybrid vehicles.) * - Ford E250 Incognito Relay (The way vehicles are manufactured plays a huge part on why components are designed in the specific way that they are. This however plays havoc on the repair technician. See why.) * - FORD E250 Speeding Rocket (What, an aerospace issue with a modern vehicle? Not really, but this is a strange case indeed. See the ramifications and the intertwined nature of auto repair and components.) * - Ford Fiesta Catalytic Converter Efficiency Deal (Catalytic converter diagnostics is a major issue with any repair shop. Technicians scramble to properly diagnose these system and not erroneously replace the converter. See how it's done.) * - Ford Ranger and the CAM Synchronizer (The CAM or camshaft sensor is a major input to any newer sequentially injected vehicle. But, these components are often times difficult and tricky to replace. THis is a wonderful case that illustrates the issue. See how it's done.)
The role of the modern automotive technician has changed drastically in the past decade. The job of today's vehicle specialist involves a deep knowledge of a wide variety of technical disciplines. Few professions encompass such a diverse understanding of technology. The automotive technician is now expected to know about chemistry, electronics, mechanics, optics, as well as posses a deep analytical mind. The last only comes with time and experience.This book contains a wide array of automotive applications. Emphasis is placed on a practical approach, with the theory to back it up as well. It is, however, expected that the technician already has a basic understanding of automobiles and electronics in general.Special thanks are giver to Carmen Diaz for her invaluable input and patience during the proofreading and editing of this book. She's also instrumental in the support role of the book.Table of ContentsVariable Geometry Turbo (VGT) Introduction (An introduction to the VGT or Diesel Variable Geometry Turbo chargers developed to circumvent the drawbacks of turbo technology. This section is full with details on specific pressure values and operation. See how they compare to older regular turbos using actual shots and CG animation technology.)Diesel VGT Turbo Facts (Purely factual information on aperture ratio, aspect ratio, exploded computer animation view, pumping loses, lag time and low boost threshold specifications. Get an in depth short view on VGT turbo units.)Diesel VGT Details 1 (Detailed a basic explanation on part-1 of how these units change their geometry during operation. See how parts interlink with each other. This is a primer for VGTs and the first book section on VGTs facts)Diesel VGT Details 2 (Extremely Detailed part-2 of how these units change their geometry during operation. See how parts interlink with each other. See the system is operation from different angles to visualize their operation.)Diesel VGT Turbo Disassembly and Inspection (Details on disassembling and inspecting the variable geometry turbo chargers section using actual real world chots and CG imaging animation to show concepts. Learn how to mark parts for orientation, align the unison ring and inspect the unit.)Diesel VGT Turbo Cleaning and Assembly (Get the scoop on cleaning and assembling the VGT turbo units. Learn to clean the sender, unison ring, housing, recess cam area and prep the unit for assembly. Finally, learn to assess the VGT alignment and operation from a visual inspection before releasing the unit. ) Diesel VGTs Turbo Failures (See which parts tend to fail on a VGT turbo unit. Learn from actual tech derived anecdotes compiled during a few years of work. See how heat issues shortens the life of these components.)Diesel VGT Turbo Vacuum Actuator OBD-2 Monitor (Sheds lots of information on the VGT vacuum actuator (when employed) as it relates to the OBD-2 diagnostic system. These VGTs employ no feedback sensor and the MAP sensor is used instead. See how it all works using waveforms and graphing interpretations.)Diesel VGT Turbo Electronic Actuation Basics (Explains the more precise electrical actuation of the VGT turbo mechanism as opposed to hydraulic actuation. See how its wired to the ECM and how a feedback position sensor is used. See why and how electrically controlled VGTs operate.)Diesel VGT Turbo Position Sensor Test (Learn about the specific electrical characteristics and voltage values of the VGT electrically controlled systems. This section explains about voltage reference, feedback values and grounds relating to the VGT turbo control.)Diesel VGT Turbo Speed Sensor Test (These units are so well developed that a turbine speed sensor is also used to provide the ECM with turbo speed values. This sensor is also used to prevent over speed and control the boost. See how a magnetic or Hall-Effect sensor is used to determine parameters.)
