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1000 tulosta hakusanalla Rahman Reuben

Institutional Violence against Afghan Refugees

Institutional Violence against Afghan Refugees

Mojib Rahman Atal

Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
2024
nidottu
The long-lasting political instability in Afghanistan since the Soviet Union invasion in 1979 has displaced millions of Afghans, both internally and internationally. Despite their growing numbers, the challenges that Afghan refugees encounter in public institutions and everyday interaction with members of their host countries have remained largely uninvestigated. This research thus explores perceived institutional violence against Afghan refugees in Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. The semi-structured interviews provide evidence on the occurrence of perceived verbal violence, and differential and poor treatment in institutions. The quantitative analysis lends empirical evidence to the extent, factors, grounds, and consequences of institutional verbal violence, institutional failure, everyday discrimination, and sense of belonging. Permanent residence, school education, age, having children, country of residence, citizenship, and employment were identified as factors significantly affecting the experiences and perceptions of respondents. Respondents reported negative experiences mostly in institutions that often deal with migration and asylum matters. Legal status, ethnic origin, religion, unemployment, appearance, and lower language proficiency seem to be the main grounds for institutional violence.
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Linear Nonlinear DIA and DA Waves with Trapped Particles

Linear Nonlinear DIA and DA Waves with Trapped Particles

Obaydur Rahman

LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
2012
pokkari
A theoretical investigation has been made on linear and nonlinear propagation of the dust-ion-acoustic and dust-acoustic waves in a dusty plasma with vortex-like plasma particles. The linear dispersion relation for DIA and DA waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma with vortex-like electron distribution and negatively charged dust particles have been analyzed elaborately. The basic characteristics of such waves have been theoretically investigated by using the reductive perturbation technique. The effects of external magnetic field, vortex-like negative ions, and arbitrarily charged static dust on DIA SWs and their multi-dimensional instabilities have also been studied. It has been found that these effects not only modify the basic properties of the DIA SWs, but also introduce some important new features. The basic features and the underlying physics of the DIA solitary structures have been also explicitly identified. It has been also found that the instability criterion and its growth rate are significantly modified by the external magnetic field and vortex-like distribution of negative ions. The implications of our results in space and laboratory plasmas are briefly discussed.
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