Sex and gender in biomedicine are innovative research concepts of theoretical and clinical medicine that enable a better understanding of health and disease, evidence-based knowledge, effective therapies, and better health outcomes for women and men. Gender medicine, which focuses on the impact of gender on human physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of diseases, stimulates new ways of doing research by considering sex and gender at all levels of investigation, from basic research into gene polymorphisms to health behaviour. New research questions have been put forward that focus not on differences per se but on the developmental path of these differences. In this book, contributions from the fields of neuroscience, addiction research, and organ transplantation exemplify concepts, approaches, methods, and results in the field of gender medicine.
This book examines the political discourse on ethnic issues in the Netherlands and in France. It was written to highlight the socially constructed character and social effects of this discourse and its different variants and expressions, and thus offer perspectives for evolution and change. The underlying conviction is that discourses, and thus the bellefs and knowledge that they contain, are historically specific phenomena that are constructed in communities in particular times and places. In other words, knowledge is not as objective as it sometimes pretends to be: it is affected by gender, class, ethno-cultural origin, and the political affiliations of its producers. This book has been written for an international audience of academics, politicians, journalists, policymakers, and members of social movements engaged in the development of truly diverse societies and interested in the role of politics in attaining such an objective.
The Neuropsychology of Space: Spatial Functions of the Human Brain summarizes recent research findings related to understanding the brain mechanisms involved in spatial reasoning, factors that adversely impact spatial reasoning, and the clinical implications of rehabilitating people who have experienced trauma affecting spatial reasoning. This book will appeal to cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and clinical psychologists. Spatial information processing is central to many aspects of cognitive psychology including perception, attention, motor action, memory, reasoning, and communication. Any behavioural task involves mentally computing spaces, mechanics, and timing and many mental tasks may require thinking about these aspects as well (e.g. imaging the route to a destination).
This book presents the first comprehensive analysis of the second International Self-Report Delinquency study (ISRD-2). An earlier volume, Juvenile Delinquency in Europe and Beyond (Springer, 2010) focused mainly on the findings with regard to delinquency, victimization and substance use in each of the individual participating ISRD-2 countries. The Many Faces of Youth Crime is based on analysis of the merged data set and has a number of unique features: ? The analyses are based on an unusually large number of respondents (about 67,000 7th, 8th and 9th graders) collected by researchers from 31 countries; ? It includes reports on the characteristics, experiences and behaviour of first and second generation migrant youth from a variety of cultures; ? It is one of the first large-scale international studies asking 12-16 year olds about their victimization experiences (bullying, assault, robbery, theft); ? It describes both intriguing differences between young people from different countries and country clusters in the nature and extent of delinquency, victimization and substance use, as well as remarkable cross-national uniformities in delinquency, victimization, and substance use patterns; ? A careful comparative analysis of the social responses to offending and victimization adds to our limited knowledge on this important issue; ? Detailed chapters on the family, school, neighbourhood, lifestyle and peers provide a rich comparative description of these institutions and their impact on delinquency; ? It tests a number of theoretical perspectives (social control, self-control, social disorganization, routine activities/opportunity theory) on a large international sample from a variety of national contexts; ? It combines a theoretical focus with a thoughtful consideration of the policy implications of the findings; ? An extensive discussion of the ISRD methodology of ‘flexible standardization’ details the challenges of comparative research. The bookconsists of 12 chapters, which also may be read individually by those interested in particular special topics (for instance, the last chapter should be of special interest to policy makers). The material is presented in such a way that it is accessible to more advanced students, researchers and scholars in a variety of fields, such as criminology, sociology, deviance, social work, comparative methodology, youth studies, substance use studies, and victimology.
This book presents the first comprehensive analysis of the second International Self-Report Delinquency study (ISRD-2). An earlier volume, Juvenile Delinquency in Europe and Beyond (Springer, 2010) focused mainly on the findings with regard to delinquency, victimization and substance use in each of the individual participating ISRD-2 countries. The Many Faces of Youth Crime is based on analysis of the merged data set and has a number of unique features: ? The analyses are based on an unusually large number of respondents (about 67,000 7th, 8th and 9th graders) collected by researchers from 31 countries; ? It includes reports on the characteristics, experiences and behaviour of first and second generation migrant youth from a variety of cultures; ? It is one of the first large-scale international studies asking 12-16 year olds about their victimization experiences (bullying, assault, robbery, theft); ? It describes both intriguing differences between young people from different countries and country clusters in the nature and extent of delinquency, victimization and substance use, as well as remarkable cross-national uniformities in delinquency, victimization, and substance use patterns; ? A careful comparative analysis of the social responses to offending and victimization adds to our limited knowledge on this important issue; ? Detailed chapters on the family, school, neighbourhood, lifestyle and peers provide a rich comparative description of these institutions and their impact on delinquency; ? It tests a number of theoretical perspectives (social control, self-control, social disorganization, routine activities/opportunity theory) on a large international sample from a variety of national contexts; ? It combines a theoretical focus with a thoughtful consideration of the policy implications of the findings; ? An extensive discussion of the ISRD methodology of ‘flexible standardization’ details the challenges of comparative research. The bookconsists of 12 chapters, which also may be read individually by those interested in particular special topics (for instance, the last chapter should be of special interest to policy makers). The material is presented in such a way that it is accessible to more advanced students, researchers and scholars in a variety of fields, such as criminology, sociology, deviance, social work, comparative methodology, youth studies, substance use studies, and victimology.
berall in Europa wird die Frage diskutiert, wie die Reintegration entlassener Straft ter in die Gesellschaft am besten zu organisieren sei. bergangsmanagement erfordert nicht nur Entlassungsvorbereitung im Vollzug, sondern auch Kooperation und Koordination zwischen Justizvollzugsbeh rden und Bew hrungshilfe, kommunalen und freien Tr gern sowie anderen Kooperationspartnern, die am Reintegrationsprozess der Betroffenen beteiligt sind. Ziel des durch die Europ ische Kommission gef rderten Projekts "Justice Cooperation Network - Behandlung und bergangsmanagement von Hochrisiko-Straft tern in Europa" war es, diese Fragen aufzuwerfen und erste Schritte f r ein effektives und effizientes Konzept f r das bergangsmanagement bei Hochrisiko-Straft tern im Rahmen der Entlassung zu entwickeln, das von den Projektpartnern, aber auch anderen Staaten Europas, genutzt werden k nnte. Das Projektteam bestand aus Verantwortlichen der Justizministerien der vier Projekt-partner-L nder Estland, Finnland, Irland und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Deutschland) sowie dem Lehrstuhl f r Kriminologie der Universit t Greifswald, der zugleich f r die wissenschaftliche Begleitforschung verantwortlich war. Das Belgische Ministerium f r Justiz und Justiz-vollzug, das Slowenische Ministerium f r Justiz und ffentliche Verwaltung, das Justizministerium der Slowakischen Republik, die Europ ische Organisation f r die Bew hrungshilfe (CEP) und das Bundesministerium der Justiz und f r Verbraucherschutz in Deutschland waren assoziierte Partner. berall in Europa wird die Frage diskutiert, wie die Reintegration entlassener Straft ter in die Gesellschaft am besten zu organisieren sei. bergangsmanagement erfordert nicht nur Entlassungsvorbereitung im Vollzug, sondern auch Kooperation und Koordination zwischen Justizvollzugsbeh rden und Bew hrungshilfe, kommunalen und freien Tr gern sowie anderen Kooperationspartnern, die am Reintegrationsprozess der Betroffenen beteiligt sind. Ziel des durch die Europ ische
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has become the yardstick for teaching and testing language skills in Europe and elsewhere. Yet little is known about the relationships between the communicative levels established using the can-do statements of the CEFR and the developmental stages of grammatical and lexical development described by Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. This book presents empirical research by members of the SLATE network (Second Language Acquisition and Testing in Europe), aimed at bridging this gap. The studies deal with several target languages, including Dutch, English, Finnish, French, Italian, Norwegian and Spanish, with adult, adolescent and child learners in both formal and informal contexts.
Based on ethnographic research in Belgium, The Netherlands, and Germany, this book presents a novel approach to studying Muslim militant activism. While much existing research focuses on the process of radicalization, these authors introduce a different set of questions that investigate specific modes of activism, and their engagement with dominant discourses and practices in media and state policies. Drawing on social movement theory and Foucault’s work on counter-conduct, this research explores how da?wa networks came about, and how activists developed themselves in interaction with state and media practices. This perspective highlights a form of activism and resistance in which activists turn against policies and debates centring on Muslims and Islam, while attempting to create and protect an alternative space for themselves in which they can experience Islam according to their own perception of it. The study will contribute to debates about resistance, social movements and militant activism among Muslims in Europe.
Based on ethnographic research in Belgium, The Netherlands, and Germany, this book presents a novel approach to studying Muslim militant activism. While much existing research focuses on the process of radicalization, these authors introduce a different set of questions that investigate specific modes of activism, and their engagement with dominant discourses and practices in media and state policies. Drawing on social movement theory and Foucault’s work on counter-conduct, this research explores how da?wa networks came about, and how activists developed themselves in interaction with state and media practices. This perspective highlights a form of activism and resistance in which activists turn against policies and debates centring on Muslims and Islam, while attempting to create and protect an alternative space for themselves in which they can experience Islam according to their own perception of it. The study will contribute to debates about resistance, social movements and militant activism among Muslims in Europe.
MPER XXXIV, 2 presents knowledge of textile dyeing in Late Antique Egypt (ca. 300–800 CE) based on interdisciplinary research on 30 Late Antique textiles from the Papyrus Collection of the Austrian National Library, combining scientific analyses with the study of ancient and scholarly literature. The general part deals with the dyeing materials and techniques that were available in Late Antique Egypt to create a wide variety of colours. The catalogue part contains the scientific analyses of 85 samples of 30 Late Antique textiles from this collection. The results of dye, fibre and mordant analyses are documented with UHPLC chromatograms, UV/VIS absorption spectra, SEM-EDX spectra, microscopic images and tables. Textiles in which specific dyeing materials have been identified are listed in the appendices including textiles from the Papyrus Collection of the Austrian National Library as well as archaeological textiles from numerous international projects. A detailed bibliography completes this volume. MPER XXXIV, 1 – the first comprehensive compilation of Late Antique textiles from the Papyrus collection of the Austrian Library – provides an overall study of these 30 textiles and 208 more including iconography and the analyses of the weaving techniques. MPER XXXIV, 1 and 2 can also be purchased as a set.
Social class schemes, contemporary as well as historical, always involve something of a mystery. While this book does not claim to have solved that mystery completely, it does shed significant light on it. For the sake of comparability, it is advisable not to develop new class schemes but to use old ones. Yet presenting a new class scheme - HISCLASS - is exactly what this book does. Unlike existing historical schemes, HISCLASS is international, created for the purpose of making comparisons across different periods, countries and languages. Furthermore, it is linked to an international standard classification scheme for occupations - HISCO. The chapters in the book show how historical occupational titles classified in HISCO can form the building blocks of a social class scheme for past populations. The dimensions underlying classes are discussed. How, for instance, can manual work be distinguished from non-manual work? Skilled from non-skilled? And what did ‘supervision' really mean? A rich source of detailed occupational information is used to measure those dimensions. The result is an instrument that can be used to systematically compare social class positions, distilled from a dazzling variety of occupational titles, around the world and over a range of periods. This publication is GPRC-labeled (Guaranteed Peer-Reviewed Content).
On 8 January 2012 the African National Congress (ANC) of South Africa, the oldest African nationalist organisation on the continent, celebrated its one hundredth anniversary. This historic event has generated significant public debate within both the ANC and South African society at large. There is no better time to critically reflect on the ANC’s historical trajectory and struggle against colonialism and apartheid than in its centennial year.One Hundred Years of the ANC is a collection of new work by renowned South African and international scholars. Covering a broad chronological and geographical spectrum and using a diverse range of sources, the contributors build upon but also extend the historiography of the ANC by tapping into marginal spaces in ANC history.By moving away from the celebratory mode that has characterised much of the contemporary discussions on the centenary, the contributors suggest that the relationship between the histories of earlier struggles and the present needs to be rethought in more complex terms. Collectively, the book chapters challenge hegemonic narratives that have become an established part of South Africa’s national discourse since 1994. By opening up debate around controversial or obscured aspects of the ANC’s century-long history, One hundred years of the ANC sets out an agenda for future research.The book is directed at a wide readership with an interest in understanding the historical roots of South Africa’s current politics will find this volume informative.
