Fascioloza jest chorobą odzwierzęcą wywolywaną przez F. hepatica i F. gigantica. Choroba ta stanowi poważny problem dla zdrowia ludzkiego. Stanowi r wnież zagrożenie dla wydajności zwierząt hodowlanych na calym świecie, powodując znaczne straty ekonomiczne. Chociaż terapia prowadzi do calkowitego wyleczenia, szybka diagnoza jest niezbędna do wczesnego rozpoczęcia leczenia, aby zapobiec stratom. Konwencjonalna diagnostyka kalowa oparta na wykrywaniu jaj Fasciola okazala się niewiarygodna ze względu na charakter pasożyta. Aby rozwiązac ten problem, potrzebne jest szybkie i dokladne narzędzie immunodiagnostyczne. Wiele metod opartych na przeciwcialach zapewnia wczesne wykrywanie, ale żadna z nich nie pozwala na rozr żnienie między aktualną a dawną infekcją i nie może byc stosowana w dalszej obserwacji. W niniejszej publikacji opisano etapy opracowania i wstępnej oceny obiecującego nowego narzędzia opartego na antygenach w formacie sELISA. Opiera się ono na immunogenie o masie 40 kDa pochodzenia E/S, wyizolowanym ze sztucznie zakażonych owiec. Test wykazuje wysoką specyficznośc w wykrywaniu zakażenia F. gigantica u owiec. Konieczne są jednak dalsze badania w celu oceny jego pelnego potencjalu i dalszego rozwoju, aby można go bylo stosowac r wnież u ludzi.
This book provides insight to China's foreign policy in Africa through the Belt and Roads Initiative. China's move towards economic expansion has left skeptics questioning her ambition for global economic dominance; to dislodge U.S. global influence: economic, military, and political. African leaders meanwhile find the lack of imposition of conditions on Chinese debt to be attractive, thus view China as a viable alternative business partner over the West. This book focuses on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) investment projects in Africa and how these projects will promote or hamper efforts to bring sustainable development and to bring about national unity. The book is unique because it fills a vacuum in the literature by focusing on important current problems that have contributed to the current African situation. It provides up-to-date analysis of Chinese BRI projects, mineral exploration, democracy, and consumerism as well as their implications for Africa's economic and political development.
This book provides an insight into the key practical aspects and best practice of 4G-LTE network design, performance, and deployment Design, Deployment and Performance of 4G-LTE Networks addresses the key practical aspects and best practice of 4G networks design, performance, and deployment. In addition, the book focuses on the end-to-end aspects of the LTE network architecture and different deployment scenarios of commercial LTE networks. It describes the air interface of LTE focusing on the access stratum protocol layers: PDCP, RLC, MAC, and Physical Layer. The air interface described in this book covers the concepts of LTE frame structure, downlink and uplink scheduling, and detailed illustrations of the data flow across the protocol layers. It describes the details of the optimization process including performance measurements and troubleshooting mechanisms in addition to demonstrating common issues and case studies based on actual field results. The book provides detailed performance analysis of key features/enhancements such as C-DRX for Smartphones battery saving, CSFB solution to support voice calls with LTE, and MIMO techniques. The book presents analysis of LTE coverage and link budgets alongside a detailed comparative analysis with HSPA+. Practical link budget examples are provided for data and VoLTE scenarios. Furthermore, the reader is provided with a detailed explanation of capacity dimensioning of the LTE systems. The LTE capacity analysis in this book is presented in a comparative manner with reference to the HSPA+ network to benchmark the LTE network capacity. The book describes the voice options for LTE including VoIP protocol stack, IMS Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC). In addition, key VoLTE features are presented: Semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), TTI bundling, Quality of Service (QoS), VoIP with C-DRX, Robust Header Compression (RoHC), and VoLTE Vocoders and De-Jitter buffer. The book describes several LTE and LTE-A advanced features in the evolution from Release 8 to 10 including SON, eICIC, CA, CoMP, HetNet, Enhanced MIMO, Relays, and LBS. This book can be used as a reference for best practices in LTE networks design and deployment, performance analysis, and evolution strategy. Conveys the theoretical background of 4G-LTE networksPresents key aspects and best practice of 4G-LTE networks design and deploymentIncludes a realistic roadmap for evolution of deployed 3G/4G networksAddresses the practical aspects for designing and deploying commercial LTE networks.Analyzes LTE coverage and link budgets, including a detailed comparative analysis with HSPA+.References the best practices in LTE networks design and deployment, performance analysis, and evolution strategyCovers infrastructure-sharing scenarios for CAPEX and OPEX saving.Provides key practical aspects for supporting voice services over LTE, Written for all 4G engineers/designers working in networks design for operators, network deployment engineers, R&D engineers, telecom consulting firms, measurement/performance tools firms, deployment subcontractors, senior undergraduate students and graduate students interested in understanding the practical aspects of 4G-LTE networks as part of their classes, research, or projects.
