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870 tulosta hakusanalla "Vector"

The Belarusian vector of Polish foreign policy in 1990 - 2020

The Belarusian vector of Polish foreign policy in 1990 - 2020

Egor Nikolaevich Lebedewski

Our Knowledge Publishing
2023
pokkari
This paper examines Polish foreign policy towards the Republic of Belarus in 1990-2020 and how it changed in different periods of time.The relevance of the topic lies in the new periodization of Belarusian-Polish relations in the period 1990-2020, the main criteria of which are events related to the geopolitical changes in the region and related political decisions of the two countries. The analysis of Poland's actions in relation to Belarus was carried out, problematic fields in Polish foreign policy were found, and the tools of Polish influence in the territory of Belarus that exist at the moment were identified. An important point is also the insufficient number of Belarusian works with a geopolitical bias concerning Polish foreign policy in the Belarusian direction, and those that exist rarely go beyond an overview of the events of diplomatic and economic interaction between the two countries.This is the key point in arguing the relevance of the work, which primarily focuses on geopolitical and civilizational factors in the relations between Minsk and Warsaw.
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Principles and Applications of Vector Network Analyzer Calibration Techniques

Principles and Applications of Vector Network Analyzer Calibration Techniques

J. Apolinar Reynoso Hernández; Manuel Alejandro Pulido Gaytan

River Publishers
2024
sidottu
This book summarizes the work developed over more than two decades in the field of advanced calibration techniques for vector network analyzers, by the RF and Microwave Group at The Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, which is led by Dr. J. Apolinar Reynoso-Hernández, author of this book. This book is written so that every electrical engineer, with knowledge of electrical circuits and linear algebra basics, can understand the principles of VNA calibration techniques.Vector network analyzers are normally used by engineers and researchers working in the RF and microwave field, which usually requires advanced and specialized courses at graduate level. The reader should be able to implement any VNA calibration technique, decide the most adequate calibration for a given measurement condition, and interpret the measurement results, as a seasoned RF metrology expert. Principles and Applications of Vector Network Analyzer Calibration Techniques is a useful book for beginners and professionals working on:Microwave de-embedding and test fixture characterizationCharacterization of uniform transmission linesLoad-pull measurementsIt is also:An ideal tutorial for professionals and postgraduate/research stu-dents taking courses in microwave calibration techniquesA useful textbook for practicing electronics engineering and researchers working in the RF microwave field: calibration techniques and load-pull measurements
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Flows of Non-Smooth Vector Fields and Degenerate Elliptic Equations

Flows of Non-Smooth Vector Fields and Degenerate Elliptic Equations

Maria Colombo

Scuola Normale Superiore
2017
nidottu
The first part of the book is devoted to the transport equation for a given vector field, exploiting the lagrangian structure of solutions. It also treats the regularity of solutions of some degenerate elliptic equations, which appear in the eulerian counterpart of some transport models with congestion. The second part of the book deals with the lagrangian structure of solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system, which describes the evolution of a system of particles under the self-induced gravitational/electrostatic field, and the existence of solutions of the semigeostrophic system, used in meteorology to describe the motion of large-scale oceanic/atmospheric flows.?
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Hydrogen as an Energy Vector

Hydrogen as an Energy Vector

Springer
2014
nidottu
(see English translation on page 13) L'HYDROGENE, GAZ DE GRANDE DIFFUSION ? par Monsieur Maurice LEGRAND *President des Houilleres de Bassin du Centre et du Midi, Paris Voici rnaintenant dix ans que Les concepts d'Hydrogene energetique ou d'Econornie, voire de Civilisation, de L'Hydrogene sont debattus et donnent Lieu a des prograrnrnes de recherche significatifs. Au rnornent d'ouvrir cette presentation des travaux du prernier prograrnrne de recherche sur L'Hydrogene ausein de La Cornrnunaute, je voudrais revenir rapidernent sur Le chernin parcouru et en degager quelques reflexions pour L'avenir. Et d'abord pourquoi est ne cet interet pour L'Hydrogene? Rappelons-nous Les analyses qui prevalaient il y a dix ans. A L'epoque Les hydrocarbures sont ornnipresents a des couts defiant taute concurrence. On prevoit Leur rarefactionprogressive s'accornpagnant de La rnontee concornitante des prix. C'est a cette releve ineluctable rnais Lente qu'il faut faire face et L'issue est attendue du nucleaire, un nucleaire au derneurant sans problerne d'acceptabilite, et dont Les couts bien rnaitrises Lui perrnettront de s'irnposer des que Les hydrocarbures arnorce- ront La rernontee de Leurs prix. Le problerne est des Lors de preparer cette penetration du nucleaire. -7- Par l'electricite d'abord puisque plusieurs filieres sont disponibles pour cela. Mais la substitution aux produits petroliers de l'electricite, qui est produit avec des rendements modestes, qui ne se stocke pas et qui ob- lige a des modifications dans les usages, apparait vite limitee.
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Nonstandard Analysis and Vector Lattices

Nonstandard Analysis and Vector Lattices

Springer
2012
nidottu
Nonstandard methods of analysis consist generally in comparative study of two interpretations of a mathematical claim or construction given as a formal symbolic expression by means of two different set-theoretic models: one, a "standard" model and the other, a "nonstandard" model. The second half of the twentieth century is a period of significant progress in these methods and their rapid development in a few directions. The first of the latter appears often under the name coined by its inventor, A. Robinson. This memorable but slightly presumptuous and defiant term, non­ standard analysis, often swaps places with the term Robinsonian or classical non­ standard analysis. The characteristic feature of Robinsonian analysis is a frequent usage of many controversial concepts appealing to the actual infinitely small and infinitely large quantities that have resided happily in natural sciences from ancient times but were strictly forbidden in modern mathematics for many decades. The present-day achievements revive the forgotten term infinitesimal analysis which reminds us expressively of the heroic bygones of Calculus. Infinitesimal analysis expands rapidly, bringing about radical reconsideration of the general conceptual system of mathematics. The principal reasons for this progress are twofold. Firstly, infinitesimal analysis provides us with a novel under­ standing for the method of indivisibles rooted deeply in the mathematical classics.
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Geometry of Vector Sheaves

Geometry of Vector Sheaves

Anastasios Mallios

Springer
2012
nidottu
This two-volume monograph obtains fundamental notions and results of the standard differential geometry of smooth (CINFINITY) manifolds, without using differential calculus. Here, the sheaf-theoretic character is emphasised. This has theoretical advantages such as greater perspective, clarity and unification, but also practical benefits ranging from elementary particle physics, via gauge theories and theoretical cosmology (`differential spaces'), to non-linear PDEs (generalised functions). Thus, more general applications, which are no longer `smooth' in the classical sense, can be coped with. The treatise might also be construed as a new systematic endeavour to confront the ever-increasing notion that the `world around us is far from being smooth enough'. Audience: This work is intended for postgraduate students and researchers whose work involves differential geometry, global analysis, analysis on manifolds, algebraic topology, sheaf theory, cohomology, functional analysis or abstract harmonic analysis.
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Basic Insights In Vector Calculus: With A Supplement On Mathematical Understanding

Basic Insights In Vector Calculus: With A Supplement On Mathematical Understanding

Terrance J Quinn; Zine Boudhraa; Sanjay Rai

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
2020
sidottu
Basic Insights in Vector Calculus provides an introduction to three famous theorems of vector calculus, Green's theorem, Stokes' theorem and the divergence theorem (also known as Gauss's theorem). Material is presented so that results emerge in a natural way. As in classical physics, we begin with descriptions of flows.The book will be helpful for undergraduates in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, in programs that require vector calculus. At the same time, it also provides some of the mathematical background essential for more advanced contexts which include, for instance, the physics and engineering of continuous media and fields, axiomatically rigorous vector analysis, and the mathematical theory of differential forms.There is a Supplement on mathematical understanding. The approach invites one to advert to one's own experience in mathematics and, that way, identify elements of understanding that emerge in all levels of learning and teaching.Prerequisites are competence in single-variable calculus. Some familiarity with partial derivatives and the multi-variable chain rule would be helpful. But for the convenience of the reader we review essentials of single- and multi-variable calculus needed for the three main theorems of vector calculus.Carefully developed Problems and Exercises are included, for many of which guidance or hints are provided.
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Convex Analysis In General Vector Spaces

Convex Analysis In General Vector Spaces

C Zalinescu

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
2002
sidottu
The primary aim of this book is to present the conjugate and subdifferential calculus using the method of perturbation functions in order to obtain the most general results in this field. The secondary aim is to provide important applications of this calculus and of the properties of convex functions. Such applications are: the study of well-conditioned convex functions, uniformly convex and uniformly smooth convex functions, best approximation problems, characterizations of convexity, the study of the sets of weak sharp minima, well-behaved functions and the existence of global error bounds for convex inequalities, as well as the study of monotone multifunctions by using convex functions.
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Least Squares Support Vector Machines

Least Squares Support Vector Machines

Johan A K Suykens; Tony Van Gestel; Joseph De Brabanter; Bart De Moor; Joos P L Vandewalle

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
2002
sidottu
This book focuses on Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVMs) which are reformulations to standard SVMs. LS-SVMs are closely related to regularization networks and Gaussian processes but additionally emphasize and exploit primal-dual interpretations from optimization theory. The authors explain the natural links between LS-SVM classifiers and kernel Fisher discriminant analysis. Bayesian inference of LS-SVM models is discussed, together with methods for imposing sparseness and employing robust statistics.The framework is further extended towards unsupervised learning by considering PCA analysis and its kernel version as a one-class modelling problem. This leads to new primal-dual support vector machine formulations for kernel PCA and kernel CCA analysis. Furthermore, LS-SVM formulations are given for recurrent networks and control. In general, support vector machines may pose heavy computational challenges for large data sets. For this purpose, a method of fixed size LS-SVM is proposed where the estimation is done in the primal space in relation to a Nyström sampling with active selection of support vectors. The methods are illustrated with several examples.
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Gentle Introduction To Support Vector Machines In Biomedicine, A - Volume 1: Theory And Methods

Gentle Introduction To Support Vector Machines In Biomedicine, A - Volume 1: Theory And Methods

Alexander Statnikov; Constantin F Aliferis; Douglas P Hardin; Isabelle Guyon

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
2011
sidottu
Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are among the most important recent developments in pattern recognition and statistical machine learning. They have found a great range of applications in various fields including biology and medicine. However, biomedical researchers often experience difficulties grasping both the theory and applications of these important methods because of lack of technical background. The purpose of this book is to introduce SVMs and their extensions and allow biomedical researchers to understand and apply them in real-life research in a very easy manner. The book is to consist of two volumes: theory and methods (Volume 1) and case studies (Volume 2).
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Gentle Introduction To Support Vector Machines In Biomedicine, A - Volume 2: Case Studies And Benchmarks

Gentle Introduction To Support Vector Machines In Biomedicine, A - Volume 2: Case Studies And Benchmarks

Alexander Statnikov; Constantin F Aliferis; Douglas P Hardin; Isabelle Guyon

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
2013
sidottu
Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are among the most important recent developments in pattern recognition and statistical machine learning. They have found a great range of applications in various fields including biology and medicine. However, biomedical researchers often experience difficulties grasping both the theory and applications of these important methods because of lack of technical background. The purpose of this book is to introduce SVMs and their extensions and allow biomedical researchers to understand and apply them in real-life research in a very easy manner. The book is to consist of two volumes: theory and methods (Volume 1) and case studies (Volume 2).
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Random And Vector Measures

Random And Vector Measures

Malempati Madhusudana Rao

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
2011
sidottu
The book is devoted to the structural analysis of vector and random (or both) valued countably additive measures, and used for integral representations of random fields. The spaces can be Banach or Frechet types. Special attention is given to Bochner's boundedness principle and Grothendieck's representation unifying and simplyfying stochastic integrations. Several stationary aspects, extensions and random currents as well as related multilinear forms are analyzed, whilst numerous new procedures and results are included, and many research areas are opened up which also display the geometric aspects in multi dimensions.
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Toll-Like Receptors in Vector-borne Diseases

Toll-Like Receptors in Vector-borne Diseases

Jayalakshmi Krishnan

Bentham Science Publishers
2023
pokkari
The immune system is highly complex, it senses foreign invaders, thus protecting the body. The adaptive arm of the immune system confers long-term protection, whereas the innate immune system confers immediate protection. In the case of the immune system, the pattern recognition receptors offer various modes of sensing the molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important mediators of inflammatory pathways in the gut which play a major role in mediating the immune responses towards a wide variety of pathogen-derived ligands and link adaptive immunity with the innate immunity. This book covers the role of TLRs in several vector-borne Diseases. Starting with an introduction to these diseases, the book explains the different types of receptors involved in these diseases. The diseases are then covered in separate chapters, including: malaria, lymphatic filariasis, visceral leishmaniasis, dengue fever, chikungunya, West Nile fever, and Japanese encephalitis. The book is a handy reference for researchers and trainees involved in clinical medicine and infection control. It can also serve as supplementary reading material for Students undertaking courses in biotechnology, public health, entomology, immunology, epidemiology, and life sciences.
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Basic Insights In Vector Calculus: With A Supplement On Mathematical Understanding

Basic Insights In Vector Calculus: With A Supplement On Mathematical Understanding

Terrance J Quinn; Zine Boudhraa; Sanjay Rai

WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO PTE LTD
2020
nidottu
Basic Insights in Vector Calculus provides an introduction to three famous theorems of vector calculus, Green's theorem, Stokes' theorem and the divergence theorem (also known as Gauss's theorem). Material is presented so that results emerge in a natural way. As in classical physics, we begin with descriptions of flows.The book will be helpful for undergraduates in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, in programs that require vector calculus. At the same time, it also provides some of the mathematical background essential for more advanced contexts which include, for instance, the physics and engineering of continuous media and fields, axiomatically rigorous vector analysis, and the mathematical theory of differential forms.There is a Supplement on mathematical understanding. The approach invites one to advert to one's own experience in mathematics and, that way, identify elements of understanding that emerge in all levels of learning and teaching.Prerequisites are competence in single-variable calculus. Some familiarity with partial derivatives and the multi-variable chain rule would be helpful. But for the convenience of the reader we review essentials of single- and multi-variable calculus needed for the three main theorems of vector calculus.Carefully developed Problems and Exercises are included, for many of which guidance or hints are provided.
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Lectures On Groups And Vector Spaces For Physicists

Lectures On Groups And Vector Spaces For Physicists

Chris J Isham

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
1989
sidottu
These notes are the contents of a lecture course given to third year physics undergraduates at the Imperial College who are taking the theoretical physics option. The subject of “Algebra and Groups” is of considerable importance in a number of branches of modern theoretical physics, and therefore one major objective of the course is to introduce the students to the basic ideas on the subject, bearing in mind the potential applications to quantum theory. However, another equally important aim of the course is to introduce the student to the art of genuine “mathematical” thinking. The notes are therefore written in a more precise mathematical style than is usually the case in courses aimed at physics students. Quite apart from the general educational value of such an exposure to abstract thinking, it is also the case that much modern theoretical physics draws on sophisticated ideas from pure mathematics and therefore it is most important that a perspective graduate student can approach these subjects without experiencing a total culture shock! The course is divided into three parts. The first is a short introduction to general group theory, with particular emphasis being placed on the matrix Lie groups that play such a crucial role in modern theoretical physics. The second part deals with the theory of vector spaces, with particular attention being paid to the theory of Hilbert spaces and the basic analytical techniques that are needed to handle the infinite dimensional situation. The final part of the course is a short introduction to the theory of group representations and the associated theory of characters.
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Lectures On Groups And Vector Spaces For Physicists

Lectures On Groups And Vector Spaces For Physicists

Chris J Isham

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
1989
nidottu
These notes are the contents of a lecture course given to third year physics undergraduates at the Imperial College who are taking the theoretical physics option. The subject of “Algebra and Groups” is of considerable importance in a number of branches of modern theoretical physics, and therefore one major objective of the course is to introduce the students to the basic ideas on the subject, bearing in mind the potential applications to quantum theory. However, another equally important aim of the course is to introduce the student to the art of genuine “mathematical” thinking. The notes are therefore written in a more precise mathematical style than is usually the case in courses aimed at physics students. Quite apart from the general educational value of such an exposure to abstract thinking, it is also the case that much modern theoretical physics draws on sophisticated ideas from pure mathematics and therefore it is most important that a perspective graduate student can approach these subjects without experiencing a total culture shock! The course is divided into three parts. The first is a short introduction to general group theory, with particular emphasis being placed on the matrix Lie groups that play such a crucial role in modern theoretical physics. The second part deals with the theory of vector spaces, with particular attention being paid to the theory of Hilbert spaces and the basic analytical techniques that are needed to handle the infinite dimensional situation. The final part of the course is a short introduction to the theory of group representations and the associated theory of characters.
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Problems and Solutions on Vector Spaces for Physicists

Problems and Solutions on Vector Spaces for Physicists

Robert B. Scott

Springer International Publishing AG
2024
nidottu
This book offers supporting material for the comprehensive textbook Mathematical Physics—A Modern Introduction to Its Foundations authored by Sadri Hassani. The book covers mathematical preliminaries and all of Part I in Hassani’s textbook. The subjects covered here include the key topics necessary for physicists to form a solid mathematical foundation: vectors and linear maps, algebras, operators, matrices, and spectral decomposition. In particular, the vector space concept is a central unifying theme in later chapters of Hassani’s textbook. Detailed solutions are provided to one third of the end-of-chapter exercises in the first six chapters of his text. The present volume helps upper-undergraduate and early postgraduate physics students deepen their understanding of the mathematics that they encounter in physics, learn physics more efficiently, and use mathematics with more confidence and creativity. The content is thus presented rigorously but remains accessible tophysics students. New exercises are also proposed, some with solutions, some without, so that the total number of unsolved exercises remains unchanged. They are chosen to help explain difficult concepts, amplify key points in Hassani's textbook, or make further connections with applications in physics. Taken together with Hassani's work, the two form a self-contained set and the solutions make detailed reference to Hassani's text. The solutions also refer to other mathematics and physics textbooks, providing entry points to further literature that finds a useful place in the physicist's personal library.
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