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1000 tulosta hakusanalla Gérard A Besson

The Third Law of Evolution and The Future of Life

The Third Law of Evolution and The Future of Life

Gerard A. J. M. Jagers op Akkerhuis

Springer International Publishing AG
2024
sidottu
This book offers a step-by-step introduction to an integrated theory of physical and biological evolution, from the early universe to the world we know today. To this end, the well-known laws of variation and selection are supplemented by a third law. This law describes the increase in complexity based on the transitions from quarks to hadrons, to atoms, to molecules, to bacteria, to eukaryotic cells, and so on. These insights revolutionize existing theoretical frameworks for analyzing organization in nature, accelerating developments in natural philosophy. In this way, the author develops a basic framework for thinking about evolution, which can be applied to current debates in various research fields. For example, the new approach finally helps to find the systems-based definitions of organism and life that have been sought for so long. By extrapolating the framework one can even hypothesize about future evolution and our place as humans in it. An exciting read for both philosophers and scientists.
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Continuum Mechanics Through the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Continuum Mechanics Through the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Gérard A. Maugin

Springer International Publishing AG
2014
sidottu
Conceived as a series of more or less autonomous essays, the present book critically exposes the initial developments of continuum thermo-mechanics in a post Newtonian period extending from the creative works of the Bernoullis to the First World war, i.e., roughly during first the “Age of reason” and next the “Birth of the modern world”. The emphasis is rightly placed on the original contributions from the “Continental” scientists (the Bernoulli family, Euler, d’Alembert, Lagrange, Cauchy, Piola, Duhamel, Neumann, Clebsch, Kirchhoff, Helmholtz, Saint-Venant, Boussinesq, the Cosserat brothers, Caratheodory) in competition with their British peers (Green, Kelvin, Stokes, Maxwell, Rayleigh, Love,..). It underlines the main breakthroughs as well as the secondary ones. It highlights the role of scientists who left essential prints in this history of scientific ideas. The book shows how the formidable developments that blossomed in the twentieth century (and perused in a previous book of the author in the same Springer Series: “Continuum Mechanics through the Twentieth Century”, Springer 2013) found rich compost in the constructive foundational achievements of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The pre-WWI situation is well summarized by a thorough analysis of treatises (Appell, Hellinger) published at that time. English translations by the author of most critical texts in French or German are given to the benefit of the readers.
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Continuum Mechanics through the Ages - From the Renaissance to the Twentieth Century

Continuum Mechanics through the Ages - From the Renaissance to the Twentieth Century

Gérard A. Maugin

Springer International Publishing AG
2015
sidottu
Mixing scientific, historic and socio-economic vision, this unique book complements two previously published volumes on the history of continuum mechanics from this distinguished author. In this volume, Gérard A. Maugin looks at the period from the renaissance to the twentieth century and he includes an appraisal of the ever enduring competition between molecular and continuum modelling views. Chapters trace early works in hydraulics and fluid mechanics not covered in the other volumes and the author investigates experimental approaches, essentially before the introduction of a true concept of stress tensor. The treatment of such topics as the viscoelasticity of solids and plasticity, fracture theory, and the role of geometry as a cornerstone of the field, are all explored. Readers will find a kind of socio-historical appraisal of the seminal contributions by our direct masters in the second half of the twentieth century. The analysis of the teaching and research texts by Duhem, Poincaré and Hilbert on continuum mechanics is key: these provide the most valuable documentary basis on which a revival of continuum mechanics and its formalization were offered in the late twentieth century. Altogether, the three volumes offer a generous conspectus of the developments of continuum mechanics between the sixteenth century and the dawn of the twenty-first century. Mechanical engineers, applied mathematicians and physicists alike will all be interested in this work which appeals to all curious scientists for whom continuum mechanics as a vividly evolving science still has its own mysteries.
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Continuum Mechanics Through the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Continuum Mechanics Through the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Gérard A. Maugin

Springer International Publishing AG
2016
nidottu
Conceived as a series of more or less autonomous essays, the present book critically exposes the initial developments of continuum thermo-mechanics in a post Newtonian period extending from the creative works of the Bernoullis to the First World war, i.e., roughly during first the “Age of reason” and next the “Birth of the modern world”. The emphasis is rightly placed on the original contributions from the “Continental” scientists (the Bernoulli family, Euler, d’Alembert, Lagrange, Cauchy, Piola, Duhamel, Neumann, Clebsch, Kirchhoff, Helmholtz, Saint-Venant, Boussinesq, the Cosserat brothers, Caratheodory) in competition with their British peers (Green, Kelvin, Stokes, Maxwell, Rayleigh, Love,..). It underlines the main breakthroughs as well as the secondary ones. It highlights the role of scientists who left essential prints in this history of scientific ideas. The book shows how the formidable developments that blossomed in the twentieth century (and perused in a previous book of the author in the same Springer Series: “Continuum Mechanics through the Twentieth Century”, Springer 2013) found rich compost in the constructive foundational achievements of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The pre-WWI situation is well summarized by a thorough analysis of treatises (Appell, Hellinger) published at that time. English translations by the author of most critical texts in French or German are given to the benefit of the readers.
Vertaile hintoja
Continuum Mechanics through the Ages - From the Renaissance to the Twentieth Century

Continuum Mechanics through the Ages - From the Renaissance to the Twentieth Century

Gérard A. Maugin

Springer International Publishing AG
2016
nidottu
Mixing scientific, historic and socio-economic vision, this unique book complements two previously published volumes on the history of continuum mechanics from this distinguished author. In this volume, Gérard A. Maugin looks at the period from the renaissance to the twentieth century and he includes an appraisal of the ever enduring competition between molecular and continuum modelling views. Chapters trace early works in hydraulics and fluid mechanics not covered in the other volumes and the author investigates experimental approaches, essentially before the introduction of a true concept of stress tensor. The treatment of such topics as the viscoelasticity of solids and plasticity, fracture theory, and the role of geometry as a cornerstone of the field, are all explored. Readers will find a kind of socio-historical appraisal of the seminal contributions by our direct masters in the second half of the twentieth century. The analysis of the teaching and research texts by Duhem, Poincaré and Hilbert on continuum mechanics is key: these provide the most valuable documentary basis on which a revival of continuum mechanics and its formalization were offered in the late twentieth century. Altogether, the three volumes offer a generous conspectus of the developments of continuum mechanics between the sixteenth century and the dawn of the twenty-first century. Mechanical engineers, applied mathematicians and physicists alike will all be interested in this work which appeals to all curious scientists for whom continuum mechanics as a vividly evolving science still has its own mysteries.
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Dynamic Modelling of Stochastic Demand for Manufacturing Employment

Dynamic Modelling of Stochastic Demand for Manufacturing Employment

Gerard A. Pfann

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
1990
nidottu
In this book interrelated factor demand models are surveyed. New methods are developed and are analysed empirically using Dutch and U.K. time series data. New methods are discussed for obtaining closed form solutions of linear ratinal expectations models, providing deeper insights into the identification of structural parameters of underlying theoretical models; recently developed time series techniques are applied in order to estimate structural parameters and test for model specification, stationarity and stability through time; new models are developed in which the rather stringent and questionable restrictions of symmetry generally imposed upon stochastic adjustment models of labour demand are relaxed, the models are analysed empirically using time series data of Dutch and U.K. manufacturing production and nonproduction workers.
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The Lead Books of the Sacromonte and the Parchment of the Torre Turpiana: Granada, 1588-1606: General Introduction, Critical Edition, and Translation

The Lead Books of the Sacromonte and the Parchment of the Torre Turpiana: Granada, 1588-1606: General Introduction, Critical Edition, and Translation

Gerard A. Wiegers; P. S. Van Koningsveld

BRILL
2023
sidottu
The Archive of the Sacromonte Abbey in Granada preserves a historical treasure: Arabic texts on a sheet of parchment and on numerous small tablets of lead, which were discovered in Granada at the end of the sixteenth century in the tower of the old Friday Mosque and in caves of the "Valpara so" hillock, from then on called "Sacromonte". They became the object of heated discussions in Europe and were condemned by the Pope in 1682. The texts are among the very last literary productions of the Moriscos, the Andalusi Muslims, many of whom continued to practice Islam in secret until their expulsion from Spain between 1609 and 1614. With the permission of the archbishop of Granada, we offer, for the first time in history, a study, edition, translation, and images of all the tablets and shed new light on the fascinating religious messages of these enigmatic texts and their authors.
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Continuum Mechanics Through the Twentieth Century

Continuum Mechanics Through the Twentieth Century

Gerard A Maugin

Springer
2013
sidottu
This overview of the development of continuum mechanics throughout the twentieth century is unique and ambitious. Utilizing a historical perspective, it combines an exposition on the technical progress made in the field and a marked interest in the role played by remarkable individuals and scientific schools and institutions on a rapidly evolving social background. It underlines the newly raised technical questions and their answers, and the ongoing reflections on the bases of continuum mechanics associated, or in competition, with other branches of the physical sciences, including thermodynamics. The emphasis is placed on the development of a more realistic modeling of deformable solids and the exploitation of new mathematical tools. The book presents a balanced appraisal of advances made in various parts of the world. The author contributes his technical expertise, personal recollections, and international experience to this general overview, which is very informative albeit concise.
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Continuum Mechanics Through the Twentieth Century

Continuum Mechanics Through the Twentieth Century

Gerard A Maugin

Springer
2015
nidottu
This overview of the development of continuum mechanics throughout the twentieth century is unique and ambitious. Utilizing a historical perspective, it combines an exposition on the technical progress made in the field and a marked interest in the role played by remarkable individuals and scientific schools and institutions on a rapidly evolving social background. It underlines the newly raised technical questions and their answers, and the ongoing reflections on the bases of continuum mechanics associated, or in competition, with other branches of the physical sciences, including thermodynamics. The emphasis is placed on the development of a more realistic modeling of deformable solids and the exploitation of new mathematical tools. The book presents a balanced appraisal of advances made in various parts of the world. The author contributes his technical expertise, personal recollections, and international experience to this general overview, which is very informative albeit concise.
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The Making of the Igorot

The Making of the Igorot

Gerard A. Finin

Ateneo de Manila University Press
2008
nidottu
This work examines how and why American colonial rule transformed social and spatial relations across the Cordillera, creating a distinctive pan-Cordillera Igorot ethnoregional consciousness. It analyzes the ways in which the establishment of Mountain Province in the early 1900s and the imposition of direct American rule served to discourage contact between highlanders and lowlanders, while reinforcing notions of highlander connectedness. The author demonstrates the central role of Baguio City as an ethnically diverse urban center for cultural comparison and identity. At the same time, he captures how, in different ways, succeeding generations of highlanders embraced the social and spatial bonds associated with ""Igorot-ism"" and ""Igorot-land.
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Thermomechanics Of Nonlinear Irreversible Behaviours, The

Thermomechanics Of Nonlinear Irreversible Behaviours, The

Gerard A Maugin

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
1999
sidottu
In this invaluable book, macroscopic irreversible thermodynamics is presented in its realm and its splendor by appealing to the notion of internal variables of state. This applies to both fluids and solids with or without microstructures of mechanical or electromagnetic origin. This unmatched richness of essentially nonlinear behaviors is the result of the use of modern mathematical techniques such as convex analysis in a clear-cut framework which allows one to put under the umbrella of “irreversible thermodynamics” behaviors which until now have been commonly considered either not easily covered, or even impossible to incorporate into such a framework.The book is intended for all students and researchers whose main concern is the rational modeling of complex and/or new materials with physical and engineering applications, such as those accounting for coupled-field, hysteresis, fracture, nonlinear-diffusion, and phase-transformation phenomena.
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Non-Classical Continuum Mechanics

Non-Classical Continuum Mechanics

Gérard A. Maugin

Springer Verlag, Singapore
2016
sidottu
This dictionary offers clear and reliable explanations of over 100 keywords covering the entire field of non-classical continuum mechanics and generalized mechanics, including the theory of elasticity, heat conduction, thermodynamic and electromagnetic continua, as well as applied mathematics. Every entry includes the historical background and the underlying theory, basic equations and typical applications. The reference list for each entry provides a link to the original articles and the most important in-depth theoretical works. Last but not least, every entry is followed by a cross-reference to other related subject entries in the dictionary.
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Non-Classical Continuum Mechanics

Non-Classical Continuum Mechanics

Gérard A. Maugin

Springer Verlag, Singapore
2018
nidottu
This dictionary offers clear and reliable explanations of over 100 keywords covering the entire field of non-classical continuum mechanics and generalized mechanics, including the theory of elasticity, heat conduction, thermodynamic and electromagnetic continua, as well as applied mathematics. Every entry includes the historical background and the underlying theory, basic equations and typical applications. The reference list for each entry provides a link to the original articles and the most important in-depth theoretical works. Last but not least, every entry is followed by a cross-reference to other related subject entries in the dictionary.
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Numerical Simulation Of Waves And Fronts In Inhomogeneous Solids

Numerical Simulation Of Waves And Fronts In Inhomogeneous Solids

Gerard A Maugin; Juri Engelbrecht; Arkadi Berezovski

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
2008
sidottu
This book shows the advanced methods of numerical simulation of waves and fronts propagation in inhomogeneous solids and introduces related important ideas associated with the application of numerical methods for these problems. Great care has been taken throughout the book to seek a balance between the thermomechanical analysis and numerical techniques. It is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in continuum mechanics and engineering. Necessary prerequisites for this text are basic continuum mechanics and thermodynamics. Some elementary knowledge of numerical methods for partial differential equations is also preferable.
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Wave Momentum And Quasi-particles In Physical Acoustics

Wave Momentum And Quasi-particles In Physical Acoustics

Gerard A Maugin; Martine Rousseau

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
2015
sidottu
This unique volume presents an original approach to physical acoustics with additional emphasis on the most useful surface acoustic waves on solids. The study is based on foundational work of Léon Brillouin, and application of the celebrated invariance theorem of Emmy Noether to an element of volume that is representative of the wave motion.This approach provides an easy interpretation of typical wave motions of physical acoustics in bulk, at surfaces, and across interfaces, in the form of the motion of associated quasi-particles. This type of motion, Newtonian or not, depends on the wave motion considered, and on the original modeling of the continuum that supports it. After a thoughtful review of Brillouin's fundamental ideas related to radiative stresses, wave momentum and action, and the necessary reminder on modern nonlinear continuum thermomechanics, invariance theory and techniques of asymptotics, a variety of situations and models illustrates the power and richness of the approach and its strong potential in applications. Elasticity, piezoelectricity and new models of continua with nonlinearity, viscosity and some generalized features (microstructure, weak or strong nonlocality) or unusual situations (bounding surface with energy, elastic thin film glued on a surface waveguide), are considered, exhibiting thus the versatility of the approach.This original book offers an innovative vision and treatment of the problems of wave propagation in deformable solids. It opens up new horizons in the theoretical and applied facets of physical acoustics.
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Higher Education in China

Higher Education in China

Gerard A. Postiglione

Johns Hopkins University Press
2026
pokkari
Assessing the trajectory of China's higher education system amid competing domestic priorities and global ambitions. By 2025, China had twice as many college students as the United States, four times as many STEM graduates, and double the number of STEM PhDs. What will it mean for the global future when a quarter of a billion Chinese citizens hold higher education degrees? In this timely book, Gerard A. Postiglione—an internationally recognized authority on Chinese education—offers a panoramic view of the world's largest state-directed higher education system and its complex interplay with China's social, economic, and geopolitical ambitions. At the center of Postiglione's analysis is the tension between domestic imperatives and global aspirations. As China aims to cultivate a world-significant higher education system by 2035, it faces a trio of formidable challenges: graduate employment, equitable access, and governance reform. Higher Education in China unpacks how elite Chinese research institutions and rapidly expanding second- and third-tier colleges are navigating these pressures amid a shifting landscape shaped by urban-rural inequality, labor market demands, and technological disruption. Based on policy consultation with China's Ministry of Education and on-the-ground research in nearly every province, Postiglione's account brings unmatched depth and perspective. He traces how returnee scholars, massification policies, and regional development initiatives have transformed campuses and classrooms, while also posing difficult questions about sustainability, quality, and inclusion. Higher Education in China illustrates how the country's evolving academic system may influence its long-term trajectory—and, by extension, reshape the global order of knowledge and innovation.
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Prisoners of Conscience

Prisoners of Conscience

Gerard A. Hauser

University of South Carolina Press
2012
sidottu
An examination of the discourse of political prisoners as a form of vernacular rhetoric Prisoners of Conscience continues the work begun by Gerard A. Hauser in Vernacular Voices: The Rhetoric of Publics and Public Spheres, winner of the National Communication Association's Hochmuth Nichols Award. In his new book, Hauser examines the discourse of political prisoners, specifically the discourse of prisoners of conscience, as a form of rhetoric in which the vernacular is the main source of available appeals and the foundation for political agency. Hauser explores how modes of resistance employed by these prisoners constitute what he deems a ""thick moral vernacular"" rhetoric of human rights. Hauser's work considers in part how these prisoners convert universal commitments to human dignity, agency, and voice into the moral vernacular of the society and culture to which their rhetoric is addressed. Hauser grounds his study through a series of case studies, each centred on a different rhetorical mechanism brought to bear in the act of resistance. Through a transnational rhetorical analysis of resistance within political prisons, Hauser brings to bear his skills as a rhetorical theorist and critic to illuminate the rhetorical power of resistance as tied to core questions in contemporary humanistic scholarship and public concern.
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