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Women in Presidential Cabinets

Women in Presidential Cabinets

Maria C. Escobar-Lemmon; Michelle M. Taylor-Robinson

Oxford University Press Inc
2016
sidottu
Though parity is still rare, presidential cabinets contain more women than ever before. Who are these women and what types of political capital resources do they bring to the administration? Are they new types of political players or very much like the men who have traditionally run the government? And once they gain office, are they treated equally in the cabinet? Do they have the capacity to be as effective as their male counterparts? Drawing on data from five presidential democracies -- Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and the United States -- Women in Presidential Cabinets examines the backgrounds, connections and credentials of all full-rank cabinet ministers in presidential administrations over the course of two decades to determine if women and men bring similar numbers and diversity of political capital resources to the administration. Maria C. Escobar-Lemmon and Michelle M. Taylor-Robinson find that, with a few notable exceptions, presidents select men and women with similar work and education backgrounds, political experience, and linkages to related interest groups. There are, however, differences across types of posts and countries. They evaluate the treatment and effectiveness of similarly credentialed male and female ministers on four benchmarks. Specifically, they examine whether women with equal qualifications can really obtain all posts or whether glass ceilings persist in some areas. They then turn to the ability of women to hold onto a post, considering the nature and circumstances surrounding their departures from office and how long they remain in office. In doing so, they uncover evidence that female ministers in Latin America stand on an unequal playing field when it comes to the ability to enact policy through legislation. Ultimately, Escobar-Lemmon and Taylor-Robinson show conclusively that while women lack numerical equality, they are no longer tokens, instead appearing positioned to exercise power at the highest levels within the executive branch.
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Reimagining the Judiciary

Reimagining the Judiciary

Maria C. Escobar-Lemmon; Valerie J. Hoekstra; Alice J. Kang; Miki Caul Kittilson

Oxford University Press
2021
sidottu
This book examines the factors that facilitate the inclusion of women on high courts, while recognizing that many courts have a long way to go before reaching gender parity. Why did women start appearing on high courts when they did? Where have women made the most significant strides? To address these questions, the authors built the first cross-national and longitudinal dataset on the appointment of women and men to high courts. In addition, they provide five in-depth country case studies us to unpack the selection of justices to high courts in Canada, Colombia, Ireland, South Africa, and the United States. The cross-national lens and combination of quantitative analyses and detailed country studies examines multiple influences across region and time. Focusing on three sets of explanations --pipelines to high courts, domestic institutions, and international influences- analyses reveal that women are more likely to first appear on their country's high court when traditional ideas about who can and should be a judge erode. In some countries, international treaties, regional emulation, and women's international NGOs play a role in disseminating and linking global norms of gender equality in decision-making. Importantly, while informal institutions and reliance on men-dominated networks can limit access, women are making substantial strides in their countries' highest courts where the supply grows, and often where selectors have incentives to select women. Further, sustained pressure from advocacy organizations-at the local, national, and global levels-contributes to some gains. Comparative Politics is a series for researchers, teachers, and students of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterized by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit www.ecprnet.eu The series is edited by Susan Scarrow, John and Rebecca Moores Professor of Political Science at the University of Houston, and Jonathan Slapin, Professor of Political Institutions and European Politics, Department of Political Science, University of Zurich.
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Biochemistry of Copper

Biochemistry of Copper

Maria C. Linder

Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
1991
sidottu
Copper has long been known as essential to living systems, in part through its fundamental role in electron transport and respiration. Over the years into the present, its involvement in an ever increasing number of processes in all kinds of organisms has become apparent, and new and exciting vistas of its roles in such areas as the central nervous system, and in humoral functions, are appearing on the horizon. Although the biochemistry of this element has not been studied nearly as much as that of many others, a for­ midable amount of work has been carried out. It has thus been a challenge to produce a summary of what has been found that provides both breadth and depth. My goal has been to try to be as comprehensive as possible, within some limitations. I have tried to provide basic information and basic data that should continue to be useful for a long time. The goal has also been to interpret where we currently stand in our knowledge of the structure, function, regulation, and metabolism of Cu-dependent processes and sub­ stances, especially proteins. Thus, I have tried to make this a source book for historic as well as current information on all aspects of copper bio­ chemistry, and a summary of our current knowledge of copper-dependent proteins and processes. Most of the research on copper has been carried out on vertebrates, especially mammals. This has played a role in the organization of the book.
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Stendhal's Less-Loved Heroines

Stendhal's Less-Loved Heroines

Maria C. Scott

Routledge
2020
nidottu
In this book, the author challenges the notion that French Realist fiction is peculiarly and intrinsically hostile to female freedom, arguing that it is criticism itself that has marginalized Stendhal's noncompliant heroines and condemned them as self-centred.
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Inner Speech - L2

Inner Speech - L2

Maria C.M. de Guerrero

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2005
sidottu
According to Vygotsky (1986), The decreasing vocalization of egocentric speech denotes a developing abstraction from sound, the child's new faculty to "think words" instead of pronouncing them. This is the positive meaning of the sinking coefficient of egocentric speech. The downward curve indicates development toward inner speech, (p. 230) The purpose of this volume is to explore the faculty to "think words," not as the ability to mentally evoke words in the native (or first) language (LI) but as the faculty 1 to conjure up in the mind words in a second language (L2). To think words rather than to pronounce them is possible through inner speech, a function that humans develop in the course of childhood as they internalize the speech of the social group among which they grow. This means internalizing and being able to conduct inner speech in a particular linguistic code, the LI. But humans, at a very early or more mature age, may also come into contact and interact verbally with speakers of other languages, in classrooms or natural settings. The possibility thus emerges of internalizing an L2 in such a way that inner speech in the L2 might evolve. In this book, it is argued that, given certain conditions of L2 learning, it is possible for learners to attain inner speech in the L2. This book examines the distinctive nature of L2 inner speech and the processes that engender it and characterize its development.
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Thesaurus Linguae Graecae

Thesaurus Linguae Graecae

Maria C. Pantelia

University of California Press
2022
sidottu
The Thesaurus Linguae Graecae: A Bibliographic Guide to the Canon of Greek Authors and Works (TLG®) is a comprehensive catalog of the authors and works that have survived in Greek from antiquity (eighth century BCE) to the present era and have been collected and digitized by the TLG® in its fifty-year history. It provides biographical information about each author, such as dates, place of birth, and literary activity, as well as a list of their extant works and print publications. This volume encompasses more than 4,400 authors and 17,000 individual works. It offers a concise and authoritative literary history of Greek literature and is an indispensable reference source for its study.
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Baudelaire's Le Spleen de Paris

Baudelaire's Le Spleen de Paris

Maria C. Scott

Ashgate Publishing Limited
2005
sidottu
Maria Scott's study of the operation of irony in Baudelaire's Le Spleen de Paris contends that the principal target of the collection's spleen is its own readership. Baudelaire, as one of the most perceptive cultural commentators of the nineteenth century, was naturally very keenly aware of the growing dominance of the bourgeoisie in France, not least as a market for art and literature. Despite being dependent on this market for his own writing, the poet was highly critical of bourgeois values and attitudes. Scott builds on existing criticism of the collection to argue that these are indirectly mocked in Le Spleen de Paris, often in the person of the poet's supposed textual alter ego. The contention is that the prose poems betray the trust of readers by way of an apparent transparency of meaning that functions to blind us to their embedded irony. Though focused on Le Spleen de Paris, Scott's study engages with the full range of Baudelaire's writings, including his art and literary criticism. Her book will be of interest not only to Baudelaire scholars but also to those engaged more generally with nineteenth-century French culture.
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Deaf and Hearing Siblings in Conversation

Deaf and Hearing Siblings in Conversation

Marla C. Berkowitz; Judith A. Jonas

McFarland Co Inc
2014
pokkari
This is the first book to consider both deaf and hearing perspectives on the dynamics of adult sibling relationships. Deaf and hearing authors Berkowitz and Jonas conducted interviews with 22 adult siblings, using ASL and spoken English, to access their intimate thoughts. A major feature of the book is its analysis of how isolation impacts deaf-hearing sibling relationships. The book documents the 150 year history of societal attitudes embedded in sibling bonds and identifies how the siblings' lives were affected by the communication choices their parents made. The authors weave information throughout the text to reveal attitudes toward American Sign Language and the various roles deaf and hearing siblings take on as monitors, facilitators, signing-siblings and sibling-interpreters, all of which impact lifelong bonds.
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Contemporary Mexican-American Women Novelists

Contemporary Mexican-American Women Novelists

Maria C. Gonzalez

PETER LANG PUBLISHING INC
2006
nidottu
Contemporary Mexican-American women novelists - some of whom are moving toward a Chicana feminist construct - have produced very exciting work. Using the works of both Gloria Anzald a and Elaine Showalter as theoretical frameworks, this study argues for a specific Chicana feminism whose roots are both in and outside the Mexican-American culture. The authors included in Contemporary Mexican-American Women Novelists are Ana Castillo, Denise Ch vez, Sandra Cisneros, Lucha Corpi, Margarita Cota-C denas, Roberta Fern ndez, Laura del Fuego, Irene Beltr n Hern ndez, Mary Helen Ponce, and Estela Portillo Trambley.
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Breaking the Failed-state Cycle

Breaking the Failed-state Cycle

Marla C. Haims; David C. Gompert; Gregory F. Treverton; Brooke K. Stearns

RAND
2008
pokkari
Insecurity in the 21st century appears to come less from the collisions of powerful states than from the debris of imploding ones. This paper aims to improve the understanding and treatment of failed states by focusing on critical challenges at the intersections between security, economics, and politics and on the guiding goal of lifting local populations from the status of victims of failure to agents of recovery.
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Force Drawdowns and Demographic Diversity

Force Drawdowns and Demographic Diversity

Maria C. Lytell; Kenneth Kuhn; Abigail Haddad; Jefferson P. Marquis; Nelson Lim; Kimberly Curry Hall; Robert Stewart; Jennie W. Wenger

RAND
2015
pokkari
In January 2012, the Department of Defense (DoD) announced plans for a large-scale reduction or drawdown of its military force, which could have unintended consequences for demographic diversity. The Office of Diversity Management and Equal Opportunity (ODMEO) in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) asked RAND to analyze how force reductions could affect the demographic diversity of the DoD workforce."
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Diversity Leadership in the U.S. Department of Defense

Diversity Leadership in the U.S. Department of Defense

Maria C. Lytell; Kirsten M. Keller; Beth Katz; Jefferson P. Marquis; Jerry M. Sollinger

RAND
2016
pokkari
This study identifies the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other personal characteristics needed in individuals who will be responsible for implementing strategic diversity plans in the Department of Defense (DoD). The authors interviewed more than 60 diversity leaders in industry, the public sector (including DoD), and academia and reviewed relevant scientific literature, education programs, and advertised job requirements.
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Assessing Competencies and Proficiency of Army Intelligence Analysts Across the Career Life Cycle

Assessing Competencies and Proficiency of Army Intelligence Analysts Across the Career Life Cycle

Maria C Lytell; Susan G Straus; Chad C Serena

RAND
2017
nidottu
U.S. Army military intelligence analysts work in increasingly complex and dynamic operational environments requiring intangible competencies, such as critical thinking and adaptability. This report describes the development and implementation of a process to assess key analytic competencies and proficiency of the U.S. Army's analysts in the 35F military occupational specialty and the design of a protocol for ongoing evaluation.
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Training Success for U.S. Air Force Special Operations and Combat Support Specialties

Training Success for U.S. Air Force Special Operations and Combat Support Specialties

Maria C Lytell; Sean Robson; David Schulker; Tracy C McCausland; Miriam Matthews; Louis T Mariano; Albert A Robbert

RAND
2018
nidottu
The Air Force's special operations and combat support specialties in the enlisted force are among the highest in demand by the service yet have persistently high rates of attrition in initial skills training. This report addresses challenges for implementing new approaches to these high-demand, high-attrition specialties' recruiting, screening, and development processes, and takes a holistic approach to identifying methods to fill process gaps.
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