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Weather Bird

Weather Bird

Gary Giddins

Oxford University Press Inc
2006
nidottu
Gary Giddins's magnificent book Visions of Jazz has been hailed as a landmark in music criticism. Jonathan Yardley in The Washington Post called it "the definitive compendium by the most interesting jazz critic now at work." And Alfred Appel, Jr., in The New York Times Book Review, said it was "the finest unconventional history of jazz ever written." It was the first work on jazz ever to win the National Book Critics Circle Award for Criticism. Now comes Weather Bird, a brilliant companion volume to Visions of Jazz. In this superb collection of essays, reviews and articles, Giddins brings together, for the first time, more than 140 pieces written over a 14-year period, most of them for his column in the Village Voice (also called "Weather Bird"). The book is first and foremost a celebration of jazz, with illuminating commentary on contemporary jazz events, on today's top musicians, on the best records of the year, and on leading figures from jazz's past. Readers will find extended pieces on Louis Armstrong, Erroll Garner, Benny Carter, Sonny Rollins, Dave Brubeck, Ornette Coleman, Billie Holiday, Cassandra Wilson, Tony Bennett, and many others. Giddins includes a series of articles on the annual JVC Jazz Festival, which taken together offer a splendid overview of jazz in the 1990s. Other highlights include an astute look at avant-garde music ("Parajazz") and his challenging essay, "How Come Jazz Isn't Dead?" which advances a theory about the way art is born, exploited, celebrated, and sidelined to the museum. A radiant compendium by America's leading music critic, Weather Bird offers an unforgettable look at the modern jazz scene.
The Shield and the Cloak

The Shield and the Cloak

Gary Hart

Oxford University Press Inc
2006
sidottu
Gary Hart has long been one of the nation's foremost experts on national security, combining a deep knowledge of national security policy with first-hand experience of the political realities that influence how America safeguards itself and its interests. In his new book, Hart outlines, in clear, simple prose, the fundamental changes with which America must grapple when confronting a terrorist threat that has no state and no geographic homebase and thus offers no genuine target for the world's largest and most sophisticated military force. Security can only be achieved, Hart argues, by applying new tactics, new players, and a nuanced understanding of the radical changes in the security environment. The old security required massive weapons in massive numbers. The new security requires special forces, individual warrior teams seeking out terrorists in the most remote corners of the world and in the heart of American cities, as well as cooperation among intelligence services. The old security required economic dominance. The new security requires economic integration in a world of international markets, trade, and finance. The new security will be both national and international, defensive and offensive, and will require a shield for the homeland as well as a cloak of non-military security.
Culture and Identity in a Muslim Society

Culture and Identity in a Muslim Society

Gary S. Gregg

Oxford University Press Inc
2007
sidottu
In the last fifteen years, psychologists have rediscovered culture and its influence on emotion, thought, and self. Research appeared to produce a consensus that the world's cultures can be ranked on dimensions of individualist vs. collectivist, with Western cultures falling at the individualist end, and non-Western cultures at the collectivist end. Studies seemed to further indicate that individualist cultures give rise to "independent" selves so that Westerners think and act autonomously while collectivist cultures foster "interdependent" selves with permeable boundaries that embed non-Westerners in social relationships so that they think and act relationally. Culture and Identity presents an alternative to the individualist vs. collectivist approach to identity. Unlike most psychological and anthropological studies of culture and self, it directly studies individuals, using study of lives-style interviews with young adults living in villages and small towns in southern Morocco. It analyses the life-narratives of two men and two women, building a theory of culture and identity that differs from prevailing psychological and anthropological models in important respects. In contrast to modernist theories of identity as unified, the life-narratives show individuals to articulate a small set of shifting identities. But in contrast to post-modern theories that claim people have a kaleidoscopic multiplicity of fluid identities, the narratives show that the identities are integrated by repeated use of culturally-specific self-symbols, metaphors, and story-plots. Perhaps most importantly, the life-narratives show these young Moroccans self-representations to be pervasively shaped by the volatile cultural struggle between Western-style modernity and authentic Muslim tradition. Offering a new approach to the study of identity, the volume will be of interest to cross-cultural psychologists, anthropologists, and scholars specialising in the study of lives.
The Shield and the Cloak

The Shield and the Cloak

Gary Hart

Oxford University Press Inc
2007
nidottu
Gary Hart has long been one of the nation's foremost experts on national security, combining a deep knowledge of national security policy with first-hand experience of the political realities that influence how America safeguards itself and its interests. In his new book, Hart outlines the fundamental changes with which America must grapple when confronting the current terrorist threat--a threat with no state and no geographic home-base and thus no real target for the world's largest and most sophisticated military force. Hart argues for a security of the commons, emphasizing that the new security will require a shield for the homeland as well as a cloak of non-military security, including security of income, community, environment, and energy.
Jews and Samaritans

Jews and Samaritans

Gary N. Knoppers

Oxford University Press Inc
2013
sidottu
Covering over a thousand years of history (from the Assyrian exile in the eighth century BCE to late Roman times), this book makes an important contribution to the fields of Jewish studies, biblical studies, ancient Near Eastern studies, Samaritan Studies, and early Christian history by challenging the oppositional paradigm that has traditionally characterized the historical relations between Jews and Samaritans. The approach is multi-disciplinary, engaging exciting new discoveries in archaeology, such as the site surveys of ancient Samaria and the major excavations at the holy site of Mt. Gerizim in central Israel; new discoveries in epigraphy, such as the publication of the Samaria papyri dating to the late-Persian period (375-335 BCE), the publication of hundreds of late-Persian period Samarian coins, and the publication of hundreds of fragmentary Mt. Gerizim inscriptions (dating mostly to the late-third and early-second centuries BCE); as well as new discoveries in biblical studies, such as the diverse collection of Pentateuchal manuscripts found among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Only by recognizing the close ties that developed between Samaria and Judah during the much of the first millennium BCE can one explain how the two communities became so similar in belief and practice, even sharing a common set of foundational scriptures (the Pentateuch). Paradoxically, accounting for how two such similar groups as the Samaritans and Jews became alienated from one another during the Maccabean and Roman periods involves explaining how the two were so closely related in the first place. The solution to this puzzle is to be found in earlier Israelite history.
Oxford American Mini-Handbook of Cancer Supportive Care

Oxford American Mini-Handbook of Cancer Supportive Care

Gary Lyman

Oxford University Press Inc
2011
nidottu
In recent years, rapid progress in the understanding and treatment of cancer has occurred, with many new and exciting treatment therapies now available to clinicians. Cancer mortality rates have begun to fall as greater and greater progress has been made in both the diagnosis and treatment of malignant diseases. Moreover, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the basic biology and molecular genetics of cancer as well as the development and availability of an increasing array of novel therapies to complement the traditional modalities of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. These modalities greatly improved the ability of oncologists to reduce the adverse impact of cancer and its treatment; furthermore, they have enabled patients to complete potentially curative treatments in an optimal fashion. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines are emerging from a variety of professional organizations to guide clinical decisions and optimize the management of patients with malignant diseases. However, with literally hundreds of medical journals attempting to disseminate the vast amount of new medical knowledge about cancer, it has become an enormous challenge for both trainees and clinical oncologists to remain abreast of the latest and most reliable of new information to provide the best care for their patients. Therefore, a need remains for an updated and portable cancer-care resource that enables the physician to treat the patient with the best information currently available. As part of the Oxford American Mini-Handbook series, this concise yet comprehensive pocket guide provides primary care practitioners, oncologists and other healthcare professionals who regularly treat cancer patients with essential, evidence-based guidance on the all major elements related to cancer supportive care, including pain management and end-of-life care. Edited by a world renowned expert in oncology, this volume outlines management and complication issues common in cancer supportive care, including metabolic emergencies, febrile neutropenia, and spinal cord compression. In the final section, the authors address both physical and psychological end-of-life concerns: nausea and vomiting, anorexia, depression, and caregiver and patient distress. Supplemented with numerous, helpful point-of-care tables and figures, this volume will serve as a key tool for any busy clinician seeking to provide informed and compassionate cancer supportive care.
Oxford American Mini-Handbook of Hematologic Malignancies

Oxford American Mini-Handbook of Hematologic Malignancies

Gary H. Lyman

Oxford University Press Inc
2011
nidottu
In recent years, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, leading to the development and availability of an increasing array of novel therapies. Concurrently, there has also been an increase in understanding and insight gained into effective management strategies in cancer supportive care which have enabled oncologists to reduce the adverse impact of cancer and its treatment. However, challenges, controversies and educational gaps remain. This concise yet comprehensive pocket guide provides oncologists and other healthcare professionals with essential, evidence-based guidance on the all major elements related to cancer supportive care, including pain management and end-of-life care. Edited by a world renowned oncologist, this volume outlines complex management issues common in cancer supportive care, including metabolic emergencies, febrile neutropenia, and spinal cord compression. SERIES OVERVIEW The Oxford American Mini-Handbooks are a series of concisely-formatted adaptations of Oxford American Handbooks. They provide a focused and succinct summary on a specific area of a particular discipline, serving as a portable, easily accessible resource at the point of care. These smaller volumes capture the essentials of assessment and treatment in an exceptionally affordable and more clinically relevant format. Featuring useful tables and bulleted lists, these books provide a readily available resource to specialists and general practitioners alike.
The Firm

The Firm

Gary Bruce

Oxford University Press Inc
2010
sidottu
Based on previously classified documents and on interviews with former secret police officers and ordinary citizens, The Firm is the first comprehensive history of East Germany's secret police, the Stasi, at the grassroots level. Focusing on Gransee and Perleberg, two East German districts located north of Berlin, Gary Bruce reveals how the Stasi monitored small-town East Germany. He paints an eminently human portrait of those involved with this repressive arm of the government, featuring interviews with former officers that uncover a wide array of personalities, from devoted ideologues to reluctant opportunists, most of whom talked frankly about East Germany's obsession with surveillance. Their paths after the collapse of Communism are gripping stories of resurrection and despair, of renewal and demise, of remorse and continued adherence to the movement. The book also sheds much light on the role of the informant, the Stasi's most important tool in these out-of-the-way areas. Providing on-the-ground empirical evidence of how the Stasi operated on a day-to-day basis with ordinary people, this remarkable volume offers an unparalleled picture of life in a totalitarian state.
Oxford American Mini-Handbook of Gastrointestinal Cancers

Oxford American Mini-Handbook of Gastrointestinal Cancers

Gary H. Lyman

Oxford University Press Inc
2011
nidottu
The therapeutic landscape in oncology has undergone momentous changes in recent years. The treatment options for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, in particular, have increased with the introduction of novel pharmacological and other treatment modalities. Researchers have gleaned important insights into the molecular biology, pathophysiology and key features of the most prevalent GI cancers, including colorectal, pancreatic and liver. While these advances have resulted in improvements for many GI cancer patients, the emerging complexities and challenges have necessitated the revision of major U.S. and international staging, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines for GI cancers. Part of the Oxford American Mini-Handbook series, this concise yet comprehensive volume provides oncologists and other healthcare professionals with essential, evidence-based guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of all major GI malignancies, including colorectal, pancreatic, liver and esophageal cancers. SERIES OVERVIEW The Oxford American Mini-Handbooks are a series of concisely-formatted adaptations of Oxford American Handbooks. They provide a focused and succinct summary on a specific area of a particular discipline, serving as a portable, easily accessible resource at the point of care. These smaller volumes capture the essentials of assessment and treatment in an exceptionally affordable and more clinically relevant format. Featuring useful tables and bulleted lists, these books provide a readily available resource to specialists and general practitioners alike.
Oxford American Mini-handbook of Genitourinary Cancers

Oxford American Mini-handbook of Genitourinary Cancers

Gary H. Lyman

Oxford University Press Inc
2011
nidottu
Genitourinary cancers are comprised of physiologically complex and challenging-to-treat tumor types. In recent years, clinical and basic science research has resulted in many major advances in understanding the pathophysiology and management strategies of these diseases. In addition to the approval by the FDA of new pharmacological agents, the newly-gleaned insights and changing treatment strategies have led to the revision of current diagnosis and treatment guidelines. However, challenges, controversies and educational gaps remain. This succinct yet comprehensive volume provides oncologists and other healthcare professionals with essential, evidence-based guidance on all the major elements related to the diagnosis and treatment of the major types of genitourinary cancers. Edited by a world renowned oncologist, this volume outlines the general pathophysiology as well as pharmacological and other treatment approaches. SERIES OVERVIEW The Oxford American Mini-Handbooks are a series of concisely-formatted adaptations of Oxford American Handbooks. They provide a focused and succinct summary on a specific area of a particular discipline, serving as a portable, easily accessible resource at the point of care. These smaller volumes capture the essentials of assessment and treatment in an exceptionally affordable and more clinically relevant format. Featuring useful tables and bulleted lists, these books provide a readily available resource to specialists and general practitioners alike.
Molecular Physiology and Metabolism of the Nervous System

Molecular Physiology and Metabolism of the Nervous System

Gary A. Rosenberg

Oxford University Press Inc
2012
sidottu
The molecular basis for the physiology of the brain has advanced enormously in the past twenty years with an influx of new information gleaned through technological developments in neuroimaging and molecular discoveries. Molecular Physiology and Metabolism of the Nervous System, authored by Gary A. Rosenberg, an authority on the physiology of brain fluids and metabolism, combines the classic physiology that dates back to the beginning of the nineteenth century with the advances in molecular sciences, providing a strong framework for understanding the diseases that are commonly treated by neurologists. Molecular Physiology and Metabolism of the Nervous System focuses on the current neuropathology and implications of cerebrospinal fluid diseases and diseases of the blood-brain barrier: how the two affect stroke, infection, brain tumors, and increased intracranial pressure. The book discusses the effects of blood flow in stroke and dementia, the disruption of the blood-brain barrier in neuroinflammation, and the dysfunction due to brain edema and increased intracranial pressure. Molecular Physiology and Metabolism of the Nervous System is necessary reading for neurologists, neuroscientists, and residents in neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, giving them a strong grounding in physiology and metabolism that will aid them in diagnosis and treatment.
Faith and the Presidency

Faith and the Presidency

Gary Scott Smith

Oxford University Press Inc
2009
nidottu
In the wake of the 2004 election, pundits were shocked at exit polling that showed that 22% of voters thought 'moral values' was the most important issue at stake. People on both sides of the political divide believed this was the key to victory for George W. Bush, who professes a deep and abiding faith in God. While some fervent Bush supporters see him as a man chosen by God for the White House, opponents see his overt commitment to Christianity as a dangerous and unprecedented bridging of the gap between church and state. In fact, Gary Scott Smith shows, none of this is new. Religion has been a major part of the presidency since George Washington's first inaugural address. Despite the mounting interest in the role of religion in American public life, we actually know remarkably little about the faith of our presidents. Was Thomas Jefferson an atheist, as his political opponents charged? What role did Lincoln's religious views play in his handling of slavery and the Civil War? How did born-again Southern Baptist Jimmy Carter lose the support of many evangelicals? Was George W. Bush, as his critics often claimed, a captive of the religious right? In this fascinating book, Smith answers these questions and many more. He takes a sweeping look at the role religion has played in presidential politics and policies. Drawing on extensive archival research, Smith paints compelling portraits of the religious lives and presidencies of eleven chief executives for whom religion was particularly important. Faith and the Presidency meticulously examines what each of its subjects believed and how those beliefs shaped their presidencies and, in turn, the course of our history.
The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order

The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order

Gary Gerstle

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS INC
2022
sidottu
Best Books of 2022: Financial Times Best Non-Fiction Books of 2022: De Tijd Shortlisted for Financial Times Best Business Book of the Year The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left. The epochal shift toward neoliberalism-a web of related policies that, broadly speaking, reduced the footprint of government in society and reassigned economic power to private market forces-that began in the United States and Great Britain in the late 1970s fundamentally changed the world. Today, the word "neoliberal" is often used to condemn a broad swath of policies, from prizing free market principles over people to advancing privatization programs in developing nations around the world. To be sure, neoliberalism has contributed to a number of alarming trends, not least of which has been a massive growth in income inequality. Yet as the eminent historian Gary Gerstle argues in The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order, these indictments fail to reckon with the full contours of what neoliberalism was and why its worldview had such persuasive hold on both the right and the left for three decades. As he shows, the neoliberal order that emerged in America in the 1970s fused ideas of deregulation with personal freedoms, open borders with cosmopolitanism, and globalization with the promise of increased prosperity for all. Along with tracing how this worldview emerged in America and grew to dominate the world, Gerstle explores the previously unrecognized extent to which its triumph was facilitated by the collapse of the Soviet Union and its communist allies. He is also the first to chart the story of the neoliberal order's fall, originating in the failed reconstruction of Iraq and Great Recession of the Bush years and culminating in the rise of Trump and a reinvigorated Bernie Sanders-led American left in the 2010s. An indispensable and sweeping re-interpretation of the last fifty years, this book illuminates how the ideology of neoliberalism became so infused in the daily life of an era, while probing what remains of that ideology and its political programs as America enters an uncertain future.
Justifying Revolution

Justifying Revolution

Gary L. Steward

Oxford University Press Inc
2021
sidottu
Historians have debated how the clergy's support for political resistance during the American Revolution should be understood, often looking to influence outside of the clergy's tradition. This book argues, however, that the position of the patriot clergy was in continuity with a long-standing tradition of Protestant resistance. Drawing from a wide range of sources, Justifying Revolution: The American Clergy's Argument for Political Resistance, 1750-1776 answers the question of why so many American clergyman found it morally and ethically right to support resistance to British political authority by exploring the theological background and rich Protestant history available to the American clergy as they considered political resistance and wrestled with the best course of action for them and their congregations. Gary L. Steward argues that, rather than deviating from their inherited modes of thought, the clergy who supported resistance did so in ways that were consistent with their own theological tradition.
Through the Lion Gate

Through the Lion Gate

Gary Bruce

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS INC
2022
nidottu
In 1943, fierce aerial bombardment razed the Berlin zoo and killed most of its animals. But only two months after the war's end, Berliners had already resurrected it, reopening its gates and creating a symbol of endurance in the heart of a shattered city. The Berlin zoo therefore offers one of the most unusual--yet utterly compelling--lenses through which to view German history. This enormously popular attraction closely mirrored each of the political systems under which it existed: the authoritarian monarchy of the kaiser, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, and the post-1945 democratic and communist states. In Through the Lion Gate, Gary Bruce provides the first English-language history of the Berlin zoo, from its founding in 1844 until the 1990 unification of the West Berlin and East Berlin zoos. At the center of the capital's social life, the Berlin zoo helped to shape German views not only of the animal world but also of the human world for more than 150 years. Given its enormous reach, the German government used the zoo to spread its political message, from the ethnographic display "exotic" peoples in the late nineteenth century to the Nazis' bizarre attempts to breed back long-extinct European cattle. By exploring the intersection of zoology, politics, and leisure, Bruce shows why the Berlin zoo was the most beloved institution in Germany for so long: it allowed people to dream of another place, far away from an often grim reality. It is not purely coincidence that the profound connection of Berliners to their zoo intensified through the bloody twentieth century. Its exotic, iconic animals--including Rostom the elephant, Knautschke the hippo, and Evi the sun bear--seemed to satisfy, even partially, a longing for a better, more tranquil world.
The Biology of Us

The Biology of Us

Gary C. Howard

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS INC
2025
sidottu
In our modern world, it is easy to overlook the natural world all around us. Only major life events, such as birth, injury, disease, and death, remind us that we are still biological organisms. We "interact" with nature in controlled and safe environments, such as zoos, theme parks, or through different forms of media. Television shows, films, and books are nearly always in exotic locations (e.g., the Kalahari Desert, the deep ocean, or Antarctica), but they inadvertently reinforce our separation from nature. Biology happens somewhere else. Author Gary Howard seeks to change that perception. The Biology of Us describes the common but fascinating examples of biology and nature that are hidden in plain sight in our daily lives. It focuses on human biology, but describes animals and plants all around, on, and in us to put human features into an evolutionary context. Many aspects of ourselves and our normal activities are examples of evolution: breathing, eating, standing up, communicating, telling time, and more. This book illustrates evolutionary strategies used successfully by common organisms for hundreds of millions of years. Howard shows that the organisms in our daily lives are not trivial neighbors or even pests but are just as amazing as those in the Serengeti or the Galápagos Islands.
The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order

The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order

Gary Gerstle

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS INC
2023
nidottu
The most sweeping account of how neoliberalism came to dominate American politics for nearly a half century before crashing against the forces of Trumpism on the right and a new progressivism on the left. The epochal shift toward neoliberalism--a web of related policies that, broadly speaking, reduced the footprint of government in society and reassigned economic power to private market forces--that began in the United States and Great Britain in the late 1970s fundamentally changed the world. Today, the word "neoliberal" is often used to condemn a broad swath of policies, from prizing free market principles over people to advancing privatization programs in developing nations around the world. To be sure, neoliberalism has contributed to a number of alarming trends, not least of which has been a massive growth in income inequality. Yet as the eminent historian Gary Gerstle argues in The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order, these indictments fail to reckon with the full contours of what neoliberalism was and why its worldview had such persuasive hold on both the right and the left for three decades. As he shows, the neoliberal order that emerged in America in the 1970s fused ideas of deregulation with personal freedoms, open borders with cosmopolitanism, and globalization with the promise of increased prosperity for all. Along with tracing how this worldview emerged in America and grew to dominate the world, Gerstle explores the previously unrecognized extent to which its triumph was facilitated by the collapse of the Soviet Union and its communist allies. He is also the first to chart the story of the neoliberal order's fall, originating in the failed reconstruction of Iraq and Great Recession of the Bush years and culminating in the rise of Trump and a reinvigorated Bernie Sanders-led American left in the 2010s. An indispensable and sweeping re-interpretation of the last fifty years, this book illuminates how the ideology of neoliberalism became so infused in the daily life of an era, while probing what remains of that ideology and its political programs as America enters an uncertain future.
Cancer Survivors in Later Life

Cancer Survivors in Later Life

Gary T. Deimling

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS INC
2025
nidottu
Cancer has been called a disease of the elderly, with advancing age as a risk factor for most cancers and half of all malignancies occurring after the age of 65. With the recent advances in medical care, people are living longer after cancer treatments. The number of cancer survivors is projected to reach 19 million by 2024. Cancer Survivors in Later Life blends existing research with the findings from a major National Cancer Institute-funded study focusing on older adult cancer survivors and the challenges they face. The book is organized into eight chapters that reflect some of the key themes in larger psycho-social oncology, medical oncology, gerontology, and family research literatures. These include cancer and aging, cancer survivorship in later life, cancer and the social self, health and quality of life, functioning and disability, psycho-social distress, adaptation, appraisal and coping, and altered life perspectives after cancer. Within each chapter, the theme introduced is discussed in terms of the prominent foundational and recent research published by those working in the field. This is supplemented by findings from over 20 years of Dr. Deimling's research in collaboration with colleagues at Cancer Survivors Research Program (CSRP) at Case Western Reserve. In addition to the quantitative data presented, each chapter provides narratives that draw on the lived experiences of respondents in these studies in their own words, making Cancer Survivors in Later Life a multifaceted resource. Readers will find it a state-of-the-art reference for studying the key challenges older adult survivors face in terms of their health, living with cancer, and coping with its after-effects.
Shakespeare Reshaped, 1606-1623

Shakespeare Reshaped, 1606-1623

Gary Taylor; John Jowett

Clarendon Press
1993
sidottu
Gary Taylor and John Jowett explore the ways in which Shakespeare's texts were reshaped in his lifetime and up till the publication of the First Folio, and the kinds of outside interference to which they were subjected. As well as the powers of censorship of the Master of the Revels, in this period these included moves to expurgate profanity; major changes in theatrical conventions, notably the imposition of act divisions; and the late introduction of material by other hands. Political censorship of individual plays has already been studied in some depth: Shakespeare Reshaped concentrates on the forms of interference - expurgation, Act division, interpolation - which can usefully be examined across the whole canon, and which resulted in 'late reshaping'. These influences were at work between May 1606 and November 1623, and - unlike the political censorship, which would have come into effect immediately the plays were submitted for a licence - affected the texts years after they were first written. There is a major central study of Measure for Measure, which underwent posthumous interpolation: the book makes a strong claim for this being at the hands of Thomas Middleton. Shakespeare Reshaped will be important to all future textual scholars and editors of the plays.