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Multiple-Photon Excitation and Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules

Multiple-Photon Excitation and Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
2011
nidottu
In the early 1970s, researchers in Canada, the Soviet Union and the United States discovered that powerful infrared laser pulses are capable of dissociating mole- cules such as SiF4 and SF6' This result, which was so unexpected that for some time the phenomenon of multiple-photon dissociation was not recognized in many cir- cumstances in which we now know that it occurs, was first publicized at a time when the possibility of using lasers for the separation of isotopes had attracted much attention in the scientific community. From the mid-1970s to the early 1980s, hun- dreds of experimental papers were published describing the multiple-photon absorp- tion of C02 laser pulses in nearly every simple molecule with an absorption band in the 9 - 11 jJm region. Despite this impressive volume of experimental results, and despite the efforts of numerous theorists, there is no agreement among re- searchers in the field on many fundamental aspects of the absorption of infrared laser light by polyatomic molecules. This book is devoted to reviells of the experimental and theoretical research that provides the foundations for our current understanding of molecular multiple- photon exc itat i on, and to rev i ews of research that is pert i nent to the 1 aser sep- aration of isotopes.
Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms

Multiple Primary Malignant Neoplasms

Charles G. Moertel

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
2012
nidottu
87 3. All polyps should be promptly treated by resection or fulguration as soon as possible after their discovery. 4. The physician must assume the responsibility for impressing the patient with the necessity for frequent and regular follow-up examinations. These examinations must be done at no longer than 1-year intervals for at least 5 years after treatment of the initial lesion and preferably at yearly intervals thereafter. 5. A minimal follow-up examination must include a proctoscopic examination as well as a careful roentgenologic examination of the colon. Summary The literature concerning multiple colonic carcinomas has been reviewed. Data have been presented on 261 cases in which multiple carcinomas of the colon were seen at the Mayo Clinic from January 1, 1944, through December 31, 1953. 0 This represents a known rate of occurrence of 4.3 /0. A marked tendency to multiplicity has been observed in carcinoma of the colon associated with multiple polyposis or with chronic ulcerative colitis. Some evidence has been obtained of hereditary factors in predisposition to malignant disease of the colon. When the diagnosis of a malignant lesion of the colon or rectum has been made, the entire large bowel must be considered a potential source of malignant disease. An integral part of the management of carcinoma of the large bowel must be constant vigilance to ensure early diagnosis and adequate treatment of both simul­ taneous and interval lesions. References ALBRECHT, P.: Ober die Multiplizitat primarer maligner Geschwiilste. Oncologia (Basel) 5, 12 (1952).
Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis

Sigrid Poser

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
2012
nidottu
The value of prospective long-term studies on the features and course of multiple sclerosis is determined by the reliability with which relevant infor­ mation is documented. This involves two basic problems: I) The docu­ mentation system used must be detailed enough to provide adequate data on the essential features and course of the disease in a given case; on the other hand, it must not be so complicated and cumbersome as to preclude its use in the routine care of MS patients. 2) Since no system can fully anticipate new problems and scientific approaches that may become impor­ tant at some future time, the system must be open to provide the possi­ bility of adding and correlating the data of special research studies with the . basic data. These considerations led to the development of the basic documentation system described here and employed for the analysis of clinical data in this monograph. The work was carried out with the help of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinscha/t as a part of its research program on multiple sclerosis and related demyelinating disease. A basic documentation pool including the data of more than 2 000 patients has been accumulated in the last six years. The system has been put to practical use in a number of epidemiologic surveys completed or under way, in following up the cases in an epidemiologic observation area in South Lower Saxony, and in studies on spasticity, cerebrospinal fluid findings, clinical forms and neuro­ physiological aspects of MS.
Multiple Choice Verfahren

Multiple Choice Verfahren

Anonym

Grin Publishing
2012
nidottu
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Statistik, Note: 1,9, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: 1. Einleitung 2. Begriffsdefinition Multiple Choice Test 3. G tekriterien eines Tests 4. Vorteile und Nachteile 4.1 Vorteile 4.2 Nachteile 5. Anwendungsgebiete 6. Hinweise zur Konstruktion 7. Exemplarische Vorstellung und Testauswertung 8. Schlusswort
Multiple Panels in der empirischen Sozialforschung
Tobias Gummer untersucht das analytische Potential von drei Designs in der empirischen Sozialforschung anhand dynamischer Mikrosimulationen unter variierenden Randbedingungen. Die Annahmen und Implikationen der Simulation werden mit Beispielen aus dem Anwendungsfeld der Wahlsoziologie flankiert und validiert. Multiple Panels sind eine gleichgewichtige Kombination aus Charakteristiken wiederholter Querschnitte und klassischer Panels. Dieses hybride Forschungsdesign kann dazu dienen, sowohl sozialen als auch individuellen Wandel mittels einer einzigen longitudinalen Erhebung adäquat zu erfassen. Dabei erreichen multiple Panels ein analytisches Potential, welches jeweils nahe oder im Fall des Panels über dem des eigentlich favorisierten idealtypischen Forschungsdesigns liegt.
Multiple Constant Multiplication Optimizations for Field Programmable Gate Arrays
This work covers field programmable gate array (FPGA)-specific optimizations of circuits computing the multiplication of a variable by several constants, commonly denoted as multiple constant multiplication (MCM). These optimizations focus on low resource usage but high performance. They comprise the use of fast carry-chains in adder-based constant multiplications including ternary (3-input) adders as well as the integration of look-up table-based constant multipliers and embedded multipliers to get the optimal mapping to modern FPGAs. The proposed methods can be used for the efficient implementation of digital filters, discrete transforms and many other circuits in the domain of digital signal processing, communication and image processing.
Multiple Übersetzung der Religion

Multiple Übersetzung der Religion

Elif Yildizli

Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
2023
nidottu
Das Anliegen der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist es, mit der Theorie der multiplen Differenzierung einen soziologischen Blick auf Religion und die besonderen Übersetzungsverhältnisse am Beispiel der organisations- und milieuspezifischen Lage der Aleviten in der Türkei zu werfen. Dabei werden die spezifischen Anerkennungs-, Aushandlungs- und Transformationsprozesse der alevitischen Glaubensgemeinschaft betrachtet. Elif Yildizli arbeitet die Spannungen im Kontext von Religion in der modernen Gesellschaft und die Paradoxien zwischen verschiedenen (religiösen) Formen und der Funktion der sozialen Integration heraus. Dafür ist die Konzeptualisierung der Differenzierung u. a. zwischen (alevitischer) Organisation und (alevitischem) Milieu notwendig. Somit trägt diese Arbeit mit einer aufwendigen theoretisch-empirischen Analyse zur (religions-) soziologischen Erforschung verschiedener Integrationsformen der Aleviten bei als Beispiel für die Ausdifferenzierung einer neuen religiösen Milieutypologie.