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X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Solid Surfaces

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Solid Surfaces

Nefedov

VSP International Science Publishers
1988
sidottu
This volume outlines the physical and methodical concepts of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) specifically for surface studies using both inner and valence electron levels. It discusses the theory and practice of XPS qualitative and quantitative analysis of solid state surfaces and provides lists of extended experimental and theoretical data necessary for the determination of concentration and thin film thicknesses. In addition it covers the many problems concerning in-depth profiling, ion sputtering rate and damages of the structure of altered layers, as well as applications of angular dependence of the intensities and photoelectron diffraction for surface studies. Also provided are the applications of XPS for the investigations of catalysts, adsorption, electronic surface states, oxydation of semi-conductors and alloys, minerals, including lunar regolith and natural gold, glasses, radiation damage, surface diffusion, polymers, etc.
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Man Ray

Man Ray

Annelie Tuveros; Sidsel Maria Søndergaard; Rune Gade; Jan Svenungsson

Mjellby Konstmuseum
2013
sidottu
Man Ray är en av 1900-talets mest betydelsefulla konstnärer som kom att spela en avgörande roll både i DADA-rörelsen och i surrealismen. I boken finns de klassiska svartvita fotografierna samt de berömda objekten, men presenterar samtidigt en bredare och djupare bild av Man Ray med måleri, film, grafik och teckning. Katalogens texter är författade av Annelie Tuveros, intendent Mjellby Konstmuseum, Jan Svenungsson, konstnär och professor på Universität für angewandte Kunst i Berlin, Sidsel Maria Söndergaard, chef på Öregaard Museum i Danmark samt Rune Gade, lektor vid Institutet för Konst-och Kulturvetenskap på Köpenhamns Universitet.
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Ruby Ray: Kalifornia Kool

Ruby Ray: Kalifornia Kool

Carl Abrahamsson

Trapart
2019
sidottu
Punk and industrial culture in late '70s and early '80s San Francisco Spanning music, art and literature, the industrial and punk scenes of San Francisco in the late 1970s and early 1980s were diverse but united by a DIY, anti-authoritarian attitude. Photographer Ruby Ray was there to capture it all in the same spirit. With her work appearing in the legendary punk zine Search & Destroy and its successor RE/Search, Ray was at the epicenter of, and a key participant in, a vital cultural moment vibrant with provocation and creativity. A local experimental music and art scene supported artists like Bruce Conner, William S. Burroughs and Louise Nevelson and attracted groundbreaking bands like Devo, the Mutants, Boyd Rice and the Dead Kennedys, as well as established international bands like Throbbing Gristle, the Clash and the Sex Pistols (in fact, Ray was there to shoot their famous final concert at the Winterland Ballroom). Ruby Ray: Kalifornia Kool collects the photographer’s images from this time: live shots, backstage parties, apartments overflowing with youthful exuberance, elegant portraits of key people and photographic experiments. Her work captures a time and a place where West Coast open-mindedness, youth, art, music and electricity merged. As Carl Abrahamsson puts it in his introduction to this volume, “Ruby’s images open up a portal to a mythic and frenzied scene and show that it’s true: all mythologies are real.” Ruby Ray (born 1952) is an American photographer, well known for her photography of the early punk, post-punk and industrial movements in California in the late 1970s and early 1980s. She began her photography career in 1977, when her photographs began appearing in Search & Destroy.
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Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing

Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing

IAEA
2017
nidottu
Nuclear and related techniques can help develop climate smart agricultural practices by optimizing water use efficiency. The measurement of soil water content is essential to improve the use of this resource in agriculture. However, most sensors monitor small areas (less than 1m in radius), hence a large number of sensors are needed to obtain soil water content across a large area. This can be both costly and labour intensive and so larger scale measuring devices are needed as an alternative to traditional point-based soil moisture sensing techniques. The cosmic ray neutron sensor (CRNS) is such a device that monitors soil water content in a non-invasive and continuous way. This publication provides background information about this novel technique, and explains in detail the calibration and validation process.
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Rachel Ray

Rachel Ray

Elliott Whitney Arting

Alpha Editions
2023
nidottu
The Pirate Shark, a classical book, has been considered essential throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.
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Rachel Ray Vol. II

Rachel Ray Vol. II

Anthony Trollope

Double 9 Books LLP
2024
pokkari
Rachel Ray Volume II" by Anthony Trollope continues the story of Rachel Ray, delving deeper into the themes of romance, social commentary, and the complexities of rural life in 19th-century England. The narrative builds upon the foundation laid in Volume I, further exploring the courtship between Rachel Ray and Luke Rowan amidst the backdrop of societal expectations and family dynamics. In this volume, Rachel faces increasing pressure from her family and the community regarding her relationship with Luke. Her stern and devout sister, Dorothea, and her cautious mother remain skeptical of Luke's intentions, influenced by the village gossip and their own moral considerations. Trollope continues to critique the rigid social conventions of the time, highlighting the impact of gossip and judgment on personal relationships. Rachel's journey is marked by her struggle for autonomy and the desire to follow her heart despite societal pressures. Luke's character is also further developed, revealing his earnest intentions and the challenges he faces in proving his worthiness as a suitor. Their courtship becomes a focal point for examining broader themes of love, morality, and the pursuit of happiness within the constraints of tradition and social expectations.
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X-Ray Lasers 2010

X-Ray Lasers 2010

Springer
2011
sidottu
This book provides a thorough account of the current status of achievements made in the area of soft X-Ray laser source development and of the increasingly diverse applications being demonstrated using such radiation sources. There is significant effort worldwide to develop very bright, short duration radiation sources in the X-Ray spectral region – driven by the multitude of potential applications in all branches of science. This book contains updates on several different approaches for comparative purposes but concentrates on developments in the area of laser-produced plasmas, whereby transient population inversion and gain between ion states is pumped by optical lasers interacting with pre-formed plasmas. Topics covered will include Laser-driven XRLs, Collisional XRLs, Recombination XRLs, Transient Inversion Collisional XRLs, Optical Field Ionization XRLs, Alternative XRL, pumping schemes Theory and simulations of XRL gain media and beam properties High order harmonic sources of XUVradiation, Free-electron lasers and other accelerator based X-Ray sources, X-Ray Laser drives, X-Ray optics and instrumentation Spectroscopy, and other diagnostics of laser media Applications of XRLs.
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X-Ray Lasers 2006

X-Ray Lasers 2006

Springer
2014
nidottu
In summary, we have demonstrated intense x-ray lasing from nickel-like plasmas of Mo, Pd, Ag, and Sn by utilizing a short (8 ps) prepulse irradiating the target at a grazing angle of incidence of 22.5°, i.e., collinear with the 3 J, 8 ps main pulse. Saturated lasing has not been proved yet, but comparison with signal levels achieved in previous work suggests that saturation has well been reached in these experiments. This is supported by the fact that a large range of prepulse energies and time intervals gives rise to intense x-ray lasing, as has been demonstrated in the case of Pd. References 1. Yu.V. Afanas'ev and V.N. Shlyaptsev: 'Formation of a population inversion of transitions in Ne-like ions in steady-state and transient plasmas', Sov. J. Quant. Electron. 19, 1606, 1989. 2. M.P. Kalashnikov et al.: 'Saturated operation of a transient collisional x-ray laser', Phys. Rev. A 57, 4778, 1998; J. Dunn et al.: 'Gain saturation regime for laser-driven tabletop, transient Ni-like ion X-ray lasers', Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4834, 2000. 3. V.N. Shlyaptsev et al.: “Numerical study of transient and capillary x-ray lasers and their applications”, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5197, 221-228, 2003; R. Keenan et al., “Efficient pumping scheme for high-average brightness collisonal x-ray lasers”, ibid., 213-220.
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X-ray fluorescent scanning of the thyroid

X-ray fluorescent scanning of the thyroid

Springer
2011
nidottu
Just prior to the 1982 Annual Meeting of the European Thyroid Association in Brussels, a number of outstanding experts in the field of X-ray fluorescence gathered at the Academisch Ziekenhuis of the Free University of Brussels in a joint effort to more clearly define the actual place and value of the latest newcomer among the techniques available for the in vivo assessment of thyroid function. It is the merit of Prof. M. Jonckheer to have organised this meeting and to have made available the work presented there to a larger public in the form of this monograph. Both, the meeting and the written accounts thereof are greatly appreciated by all thyroidologists who care for properly defining the genuine value of X-Ray fluorescence in scientific research and in clinical management of thyroid disorder. Three main conclusions can be drawn from the work presented 1. X-ray fluorescence has become a safe, convenient and reliable tool for measuring intrathyroidal iodine stores in vivo with an inter-assay reproducibility estimated at roughly 10% 2. X-ray fluorescence, used by expert hands, is a highly interesting tool to follow changes of intra thyroidal iodine stores in time, subsequent e. g. to the exposure of the thyroid gland to excess iodine 3. In contrast, no definite place of X-ray fluorescence as a technique in routine assessment of thyroid disease is yet at the horizon This latter conclusion may appear somewhat disappointing.
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X-Ray Astronomy with the Einstein Satellite

X-Ray Astronomy with the Einstein Satellite

Springer
2011
nidottu
The meeting of the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the American Astronomical Society, held in Cambridge, Massachusetts on January 28- 30, 1980, marks the coming of age of X-ray astronomy. In the 18 years since the discovery of the first extrasolar X-ray source, Sco X-l, the field has experienced an extremely rapid instrumentation development culminating with the launch on November 13, 1978 of the Einstein Observatory (HEAO-2) which first introduced the use of high resolution imaging telescopes to the study of galactic and extragalactic X-ray sources. The Einstein Observatory instruments can detect sources as faint as 10-7 Sco X-lor about 17 magnitudes fainter. The technological developments in the field have been paralleled by a host of new discoveries: in the early 1960's the detection of 9 "X-ray stars", objects 10 times more luminous in X-rays than the Sun and among the brightest stellar objects at all wavelengths; in the late 1960's and early 1970's the discovery of the natureof such systems which were identified as collapsed stars (neutron stars and black holes) in mass exchange binary systems, and the detection of the first few extragalactic sources.
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X-Ray Astronomy

X-Ray Astronomy

Springer
2011
nidottu
This volume contains a series of lectures presented at the 5th Course of the International School of Astrophysics held in Erice (Sicily) from July 1st to July 14, 1979 at the "E. Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The course was fully supported by a grant from the NATO Advanced Institute Programme. It was attended by about one hundred participants from ten countries. Since the discovery of the first extra-solar X-ray source in the early 1960's, X-ray astronomy has played an increasingly im­portant role in the study of the Universe, bringing new insight to almost every field of modern astrophysics from stellar evolution to cosmology. Generally speaking, this branch of astronomy is concerned with the discovery, classification and study of "hot matter" in the universe, including high energy non-thermal pheno mena. In particular, X-ray observations appear to provide the main, if not the only, probe to inspect regions where collapsed objects are formed, such as the environment of neutron stars and of black holes in the presence of matter accretion onto the ob­jects themselves. It is significant that the first candidate black hole (Cyg X-I) has been primarily singled out by its X-ray emission. In the same context, it is well known that one of the fundamental problems in modern astrophysics is the understanding of the strong activity taking place in galactic nuclei.
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X-Ray Binaries and Recycled Pulsars

X-Ray Binaries and Recycled Pulsars

Springer
2012
nidottu
V. Trimble-Concluding remarks 541 Authors Index 549 Object Index 551 Subject Index 555 List of participants and observers Ali Alpar, M. , Physics Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Anderson, S. , USA California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, Araya, R. A. , The Johns Hopkins University, Deptartment of Physics and Astronomy, Baltimore MD, USA Arons, J. , Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA Backer, D. , Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley, Berkeley CA, USA Bailyn, C. D. , Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge MA, USA Bandiera, R. , Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy Banit, M. , Astrophysics Department, Columbia University, New York NY, USA Bhattacharya, D. , Astronomical Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Blandford, R. , Theoretical Astrophysics, CalTech, Pasadena CA, USA Blondin, J. M. , University of Virginia, Department of Astronomy, Charlottesville VA, USA Cernohorsky, J. , Center for High Energy Astrophysics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Chanmugam, G. , Louisiana State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ba- ton Rouge LA, USA Cordes, J. , Cornell University Centre for Radiophysics & Space Research, Ithaca NY, USA Dewey, R. , Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CalTech, Pasadena CA, USA Eardley, D. , University of California, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara CA,USA Edberg, T. , University of California, Center for Particle Astrophysics, Berkeley CA, USA Eggleton, P. P. , Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, United Kingdom Eichler, D.
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X-Ray Differential Diagnosis in Small Bowel Disease

X-Ray Differential Diagnosis in Small Bowel Disease

J.L. Sellink

Springer
2011
nidottu
Publication of this book has been stimulated by 15 performed and duodenal abnormalities thus not years experience with contrast fluid irrigation visualised, occurred frequently. techniques of the small intestine and in particular All too frequently failure to maintain the proper by examinations performed and evaluated by col­ infusion rate, by many erroneously totally under­ legues. evaluated, had the result that disturbances in The classification of the X-ray pathology has motility were missed. been arranged to give a more effective application Additional and often too early administration in practice than is usually found in current of water, a measure that is seldom indicated and handbooks. Normally this classification is adapt­ tends to produce more bad results than good, is ed to that of formal anatomic pathology and quite frequently performed as a sort of panic internal medicine. In this book the classification reaction. The few indications for this procedure is based on the radiological symptomatology. ought to be known and strictly followed, super­ Thus, often completely unassociated conditions fluous application costs more time and causes are found listed as a possible cause for each unnecessary discomfort for the patient.
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