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1000 tulosta hakusanalla "Polymers"

Mechanical Properties of Polymers Measured through AFM Force-Distance Curves

Mechanical Properties of Polymers Measured through AFM Force-Distance Curves

Brunero Cappella

Springer International Publishing AG
2018
nidottu
This Springer Laboratory volume is a practical guide for scientists and students dealing with the measurement of mechanical properties of polymers at the nanoscale through AFM force-distance curves.In the first part of the book the reader will find a theoretical introduction about atomic force microscopy, focused on force-distance curves, and mechanical properties of polymers. The discussion of several practical issues concerning the acquisition and the interpretation of force-distance curves will help scientists starting to employ this technique.The second part of the book deals with the practical measurement of mechanical properties of polymers by means of AFM force-distance curves. Several "hands-on" examples are illustrated in a very detailed manner, with particular attention to the sample preparation, data analysis, and typical artefacts. This section gives a complete overview about the qualitative characterization and quantitative determination of the mechanical properties of homogeneous polymer samples, polymer brushes, polymer thin films, confined polymer samples, model blends and microstructured polymer blends through AFM force-distance curves. The book also introduces to new approaches and measurement techniques, like creep compliance and force modulation measurements, pointing out approximations, limitations and issues requiring further confirmation.
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Controlling the Morphology of Polymers

Controlling the Morphology of Polymers

Springer International Publishing AG
2018
nidottu
This book focuses on controlling morphology of different scales for polymers. The authors explain the need for successful control of morphology to yield target macroscopic physical properties in the application of polymers to diverse areas such as engineering materials, nanodielectrics and photonic crystals. The book combines specialized chapters with an introduction to the morphology of polymers and the range of experimental techniques available to evaluate it.
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Nano-size Polymers

Nano-size Polymers

Springer International Publishing AG
2018
nidottu
This book details all current techniques for converting bulk polymers into nano-size materials. The authors highlight various physical and chemical approaches for preparation of nano-size polymers. They describe the properties of these materials and their extensive potential commercial applications.
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Topological Interactions in Ring Polymers

Topological Interactions in Ring Polymers

Davide Michieletto

Springer International Publishing AG
2018
nidottu
Ring polymers are one of the last big mysteries in polymer physics, and this thesis tackles the problem of describing their behaviour when interacting in dense solutions and with complex environments and reports key findings that help shed light on these complex issues. The systems investigated are not restricted to artificial polymer systems, but also cover biologically inspired ensembles, contributing to the broad applicability and interest of the conclusions reached. One of the most remarkable findings is the unambiguous evidence that rings inter-penetrate when in dense solutions; here this behaviour is shown to lead to the emergence of a glassy state solely driven by the topology of the constituents. This novel glassy state is unconventional in its nature and, thanks to its universal properties inherited from polymer physics, will attract the attention of a wide range of physicists in the years to come.
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Acetylene and Its Polymers

Acetylene and Its Polymers

Seth C. Rasmussen

Springer International Publishing AG
2018
nidottu
This Brief presents for the first time a detailed historical overview of the development of acetylene polymers, beginning with the initial discovery of acetylene in 1836 and continuing up through the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The polymerization of acetylene is most commonly associated with polyacetylene, which was found to be conductive when treated with oxidizing agents such as Br2 or I2 in the mid-to-late 1970s. In fact, under the right conditions, oxidized polyacetylenes can exhibit conductivities into the metallic regime, thus providing the first example of an organic polymer exhibiting metallic conductivity. As a consequence, the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Hideki Shirakawa, Alan MacDiarmid, and Alan Heeger for this pioneering research, the award citation reading “for the discovery and development of electrically conductive polymers.” Because of this, most incorrectly view polyacetylene, as well as conducting polymers in general, to originate in the 1970s. In this work, the author examines the polymerization of acetylene from early thermal polymerization studies to the ultimate production of the fully conjugated polyacetylene. Although true polyacetylene was not successfully produced until the 1950s by Giulio Natta, the polymerization of acetylene dates back to 1866 with the work of Marcellin Berthelot. These initial efforts were continued by a range of scientists to produce a polymeric material collectively given the name cuprene in 1900 by Paul Sabatier. Between the initial cuprene studies and the production of true polyacetylene, two related materials were also studied, usually referred to as polyenes and polyvinylenes. Although both of these materials could be thought of as forms of polyacetylene, neither was actually generated from the direct polymerization of acetylene. Readers will gain insight into the fact that polyacetylene and conducting organic polymers have a much longer history than commonly believed and involved the work of a significant number of Nobel Laureates.
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Resistance and Stability of Polymers

Resistance and Stability of Polymers

Gottfried Wilhelm Ehrenstein; Sonja Pongratz

Carl Hanser Verlag GmbHCo
2013
sidottu
The stability and resistance of polymeric materials determine whether they can be utilized in a given application. This book is based on the review of more than 1200 literature sources and represents a comprehensive overview of the current know-how regarding the stability and resistance of thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers as well as the most commonly used reinforcements and additives.
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Extrusion of Polymers

Extrusion of Polymers

Chan I. Chung

Carl Hanser Verlag GmbHCo
2010
sidottu
Presents single screw extrusion technology together with the relevant polymer fundamentals, with an emphasis on screw design. The presentation begins on a physical level, providing an in-depth conceptual understanding, followed by an analytical level with mathematical models. Practical applications of the mathematical models are illustrated by numerous examples.
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Nano- and Micromechanics of Polymers

Nano- and Micromechanics of Polymers

Goerg H. Michler; Francisco J. Balta-Calleja

Carl Hanser Verlag GmbHCo
2012
sidottu
Brings together the detailed knowledge of structure and morphology of the main classes of polymers, including commodities as well as special polymers, with explanation of the mechanical properties, processes, and mechanisms on macroscopic, microscopic, and nanoscopic scales.
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Synthetic Metal-Containing Polymers

Synthetic Metal-Containing Polymers

Ian Manners

Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
2004
sidottu
The development of the field of synthetic metal-containing polymers - where metal atoms form an integral part of the main chain or side group structure of a polymer - aims to create new materials which combine the processability of organic polymers with the physical or chemical characteristics associated with the metallic element or complex. This book covers the major developments in the synthesis, properties, and applications of synthetic metal-containing macromolecules, and includes chapters on the preparation and characterization of metal-containing polymers, metallocene-based polymers, rigid-rod organometallic polymers, coordination polymers, polymers containing main group metals, and also covers dendritic and supramolecular systems. The book describes both polymeric materials with metals in the main chain or side group structure and covers the literature up to the end of 2002.
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IR Hummel Industrial Polymers Volume 1: Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Ela

IR Hummel Industrial Polymers Volume 1: Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Ela

Dieter O. Hummel

Wiley
2006
muu
This new collection of polymers, elastomers and fibers consists of spectra of natural and synthetic construction polymers, natural and synthetic fibers, elastomers, miscellaneous resins like natural resins, paint and finishing resins, impregnation and casting resins, dispersion, moulding and printing inks, oils, fats, waxes, tars, inorganic compounds, adhesives, putties, cements, protective colloids, curing agents, initiators and activators, accelerators and modifiers. The collection contains 1,900 polymer spectra with extensive sample information. All spectra are high quality FT-IR spectra at a resolution of 2 cm-1 (data point distance 1 cm-1). Associated legends quote references, inform about the origin and the synthesis of the polymers as well as the sample preparation. Each compound is identified by its IUPAC or common names.
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