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History Optional - Modern India & World History - Previous Years' UPSC Solved Papers 1979-2022 2ed by Access

History Optional - Modern India & World History - Previous Years' UPSC Solved Papers 1979-2022 2ed by Access

Rashid Yasin

CL Educate Limited
2023
pokkari
This updated second edition titled History Optional Modern India & World History Previous Years' UPSCSolved Papers 1979-2022 is a collection of solved questions of optional history (Modern India & World History) 1979 to 2022. The answers to each question have been carefully conceptualized keeping in mind the expectations of the UPSC examiner who evaluates the answers. This unique collection of Q&A will be very helpful for a thorough revision.It will support the aspirants to efficiently grasp the nuances of Modern Indian & World history and facilitate them in perceiving the why' and "how' behind every historical episode.
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Map Entries for History Optional

Map Entries for History Optional

Rashid Yasin; Ranjan Singh

G. K. Publications
2019
nidottu
History is a popular optional subject in Civil Services Mains Examination and Allied Civil Services. History Optional includes a compulsory question of 50 marks on map entries in Paper-I. However, to locate and remember the entries is a challenging task in itself and the cumbersome process of preparing notes for them adds to the woes of a civil services aspirant. It requires ample amount of precious time and energy for these tasks. ?Map Entries for History Optional? 2nd edition contains more than 450 map entries with descriptive notes, in a concise and lucid form. The book will properly cater to the requirements of the candidates to score high marks in History Optional. Salient features: - Specific focus on the civil services examination - Over 450 entries related to historical map entries - Precise, informative write-up on each entry - Solved Questions from 2013 to 2019.
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Map Entries for History Optional 3ed

Map Entries for History Optional 3ed

Rashid Yasin

CL Educate Limited
2022
pokkari
History is one of the most popular optional subjects for the civil services main examination. Topics and events related to Indian History constitute a major portion of the syllabus. In Paper I of this optional, there is a compulsory question of 50 marks related to map entries of ancient and medieval India. This requires identifying the marked sites and writing a brief description of the site. With nearly 450 entries mapped and with concise descriptions, this updated edition will be a valuable resource for aspirants attempting this compulsory question. This edition now has fully solved map based questions with description from 2013 onwards. About the author Rashid Yasin graduated in B. A. (Hons.) in History from the Centre for Advanced Studies, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) Aligarh, and has been a University topper. He has been awarded with the Nurul Hasan Memorial Gold Medal. A post-graduate from the Centre for Historical Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) Delhi, he has been teaching and guiding Civil Services aspirants for more than a decade and is well known for teaching History Optional.
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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials

Rashid A. Ganeev

Springer
2013
sidottu
This book is mostly concerned on the experimental research of the nonlinear optical characteristics of various media, low- and high-order harmonic generation in different materials, and formation, and nonlinear optical characterization of clusters. We also demonstrate the inter-connection between these areas of nonlinear optics. Nonlinear optical properties of media such as optical limiting can be applied in various areas of science and technology. To define suitable materials for these applications, one has to carefully analyse the nonlinear optical characteristics of various media, such as the nonlinear refractive indices, coefficients of nonlinear absorption, saturation absorption intensities, etc. Knowing the nonlinear optical parameters of materials is also important for describing the propagation effects, self-interaction of intense laser pulses, and optimisation of various nonlinear optical processes. Among those processes one can admit the importance of the studies of the frequency conversion of coherent laser sources. The area of interest for nonlinear optical characterization of materials is also closely related with new field of nanostructures formation and application during laser-matter interaction.We show how the nonlinear optical analysis of materials leads to improvement of their high-order nonlinear optical response during the interaction with strong laser fields. Ablation-induced nanoparticles formation is correlated with their applications as efficient sources of coherent short-wavelength photons. From other side, recent achievements of harmonic generation in plasmas are closely related with the knowledge of the properties of materials in the laser plumes. All of these studies are concerned with the low-order nonlinear optical features of various materials. The novelty of the approach developed in present book is related with inter-connection of those studies with each other.
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Laser - Surface Interactions

Laser - Surface Interactions

Rashid A. Ganeev

Springer
2013
sidottu
This book is about the interaction of laser radiation with various surfaces at variable parameters of radiation. As a basic principle of classification we chose the energetic or intensity level of interaction of laser radiation with the surfaces. These two characteristics of laser radiation are the most important parameters defining entire spectrum of the processes occurring on the surfaces during interaction with electromagnetic waves. This is a first book containing a whole spectrum of the laser-surface interactions distinguished by the ranges of used laser intensity. It combines the surface response starting from extremely weak laser intensities (~1 W cm-2) up to the relativistic intensities (~1020 W cm-2 and higher). The book provides the basic information about lasers and acquaints the reader with both common applications of laser-surface interactions (laser-related printers, scanners, barcode readers, discs, material processing, military, holography, medicine, etc) and unusual uses of the processes on the surfaces under the action of lasers (art conservation, rangefinders and velocimeters, space and earth explorations, surface engineering and ablation, and others). The scientific applications of laser-surfaces interactions (surface optical nonlinearities, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface nanostructuring, nanoripples and clusters formation, X-ray lasers and harmonic generation from the surfaces) are discussed from the point of view of the close relations between the properties of surface and matter, which is a cornerstone of most of studies of materials.The novelty of the approach developed in Laser - Surface Interactions is related with the interconnection of scientific studies with numerous applications of the laser-surface interactions separated in different chapters by the ranges of laser intensities. We present most recent achievements in this field. The book provides valuable information for different ranges of reader's preparedness to the laser-related topics (from unprepared readers, to students, engineers and researchers, professionals and academics).
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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials

Rashid A. Ganeev

Springer
2015
nidottu
This book is mostly concerned on the experimental research of the nonlinear optical characteristics of various media, low- and high-order harmonic generation in different materials, and formation, and nonlinear optical characterization of clusters. We also demonstrate the inter-connection between these areas of nonlinear optics. Nonlinear optical properties of media such as optical limiting can be applied in various areas of science and technology. To define suitable materials for these applications, one has to carefully analyse the nonlinear optical characteristics of various media, such as the nonlinear refractive indices, coefficients of nonlinear absorption, saturation absorption intensities, etc. Knowing the nonlinear optical parameters of materials is also important for describing the propagation effects, self-interaction of intense laser pulses, and optimisation of various nonlinear optical processes. Among those processes one can admit the importance of the studies of the frequency conversion of coherent laser sources. The area of interest for nonlinear optical characterization of materials is also closely related with new field of nanostructures formation and application during laser-matter interaction.We show how the nonlinear optical analysis of materials leads to improvement of their high-order nonlinear optical response during the interaction with strong laser fields. Ablation-induced nanoparticles formation is correlated with their applications as efficient sources of coherent short-wavelength photons. From other side, recent achievements of harmonic generation in plasmas are closely related with the knowledge of the properties of materials in the laser plumes. All of these studies are concerned with the low-order nonlinear optical features of various materials. The novelty of the approach developed in present book is related with inter-connection of those studies with each other.
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Laser - Surface Interactions

Laser - Surface Interactions

Rashid A. Ganeev

Springer
2016
nidottu
This book is about the interaction of laser radiation with various surfaces at variable parameters of radiation. As a basic principle of classification we chose the energetic or intensity level of interaction of laser radiation with the surfaces. These two characteristics of laser radiation are the most important parameters defining entire spectrum of the processes occurring on the surfaces during interaction with electromagnetic waves. This is a first book containing a whole spectrum of the laser-surface interactions distinguished by the ranges of used laser intensity. It combines the surface response starting from extremely weak laser intensities (~1 W cm-2) up to the relativistic intensities (~1020 W cm-2 and higher). The book provides the basic information about lasers and acquaints the reader with both common applications of laser-surface interactions (laser-related printers, scanners, barcode readers, discs, material processing, military, holography, medicine, etc) and unusual uses of the processes on the surfaces under the action of lasers (art conservation, rangefinders and velocimeters, space and earth explorations, surface engineering and ablation, and others). The scientific applications of laser-surfaces interactions (surface optical nonlinearities, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface nanostructuring, nanoripples and clusters formation, X-ray lasers and harmonic generation from the surfaces) are discussed from the point of view of the close relations between the properties of surface and matter, which is a cornerstone of most of studies of materials.The novelty of the approach developed in Laser - Surface Interactions is related with the interconnection of scientific studies with numerous applications of the laser-surface interactions separated in different chapters by the ranges of laser intensities. We present most recent achievements in this field. The book provides valuable information for different ranges of reader's preparedness to the laser-related topics (from unprepared readers, to students, engineers and researchers, professionals and academics).
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Palestiina

Palestiina

Rashid Khalidi

Siltala
2024
nidottu
Palestiina-kirjan keskiössä on sata vuotta kestänyt kolonialistinen sota palestiinalaisia vastaan. Khalidi kuvaa sionistisen liikkeen ja Israelin kolonialistisen väkivallan historiaa sekä länsimaisten suurvaltojen, Iso-Britannian ja Yhdysvaltojen, roolia asutuskolonialismin vankkoina tukijoina. Khalidi kertaa satavuotisen sodan historian vuoden 1917 Balfour-julistuksesta ja vuoden 1948 ”nakbasta” aina 2000-luvun alun toiseen intifadaan ja Gazan saartoon sekä loppumattomaan ja mihinkään johtamattomaan rauhanprosessiin.Khalidi kirjoittaa kolonialistisen sodan eri vaiheista nimenomaan palestiinalaisten näkökulmasta tukeutuen paitsi runsaaseen arkisto- ja tutkimusaineistoon myös omaan sukuhistoriaansa.Palestiina ei ole uhriutumisen kronikka, eikä se pyri pyyhkimään pois palestiinalaisten johtajien virheitä. Kirja tarjoaa uuden, länsimaisesta uutisvirrasta poikkeavan ja vahvasti perustellun näkemyksen Lähi-idän päättymättömästä konfliktista ja sen taustoista.
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The Girl with Braided Hair

The Girl with Braided Hair

Rasha Adly

Hoopoe
2020
nidottu
Art historian Yasmine has been working on restoring an unsigned portrait of a strikingly beautiful girl from the Napoleonic Era, when she discovers that the artist has embedded a lock of hair into the painting, something highly unusual. The mysterious painting came into the museum’s possession without record, and Yasmine sets out to uncover the secret concealed within this captivating work. Meanwhile, at the close of the French Campaign in Egypt, sixteen-year-old Zeinab, the daughter of a prominent sheikh, is drawn into French high society when Napoleon himself requests her presence. Enamored by the foreign customs of the Europeans, she finds herself on a dangerous path, one that may ostracize her from her family and culture. Seamlessly merging fiction with history, art and politics, modern day Cairo with its opulent past, this compelling story of two women caught between worlds and entangled in matters of the heart launches an entrancing new literary voice.
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Frequency Conversion of Ultrashort Pulses in Extended Laser-Produced Plasmas

Frequency Conversion of Ultrashort Pulses in Extended Laser-Produced Plasmas

Rashid A Ganeev

Springer Verlag, Singapore
2016
sidottu
This book offers a review of the use of extended ablation plasmas as nonlinear media for HHG of high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The book describes the different experimental approaches, shows the advantages and limitations regarding HHG efficiency and discusses the particular processes that take place at longer interaction lengths, including propagation and quasi-phase matching effects. It describes the most recent approaches to harmonic generation in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) range with the use of extended plasma plumes, and how these differ from more commonly-used gas-jet sources. The main focus is on studies using extended plasmas, but some new findings from HHG experiments in narrow plasma plumes are also discussed. It also describes how quasi-phase-matching in modulated plasmas, as demonstrated in recent studies, has revealed different means of tuning enhanced harmonic groups in the XUV region. After an introduction to the fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of HHG, a review of the most important results of HHG in narrow plasmas is presented, including recent studies of small-sized plasma plumes as emitters of high-order harmonics. In Chapter 2, various findings in the application of extended plasmas for harmonic generation are analyzed. One of the most important applications of extended plasmas, the quasi-phase-matching of generated harmonics, is demonstrated in Chapter 3, including various approaches to the modification of perforated plasma plumes. Chapter 4 depicts the nonlinear optical features of extended plasmas produced on the surfaces of different non-metal materials. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the analysis of new opportunities for extended plasma induced HHG. The advantages of the application of long plasma plumes for HHG, such as resonance enhancement and double-pulse method, are discussed in Chapter 6. Finally, a summary section brings together all of these findings and discuss the perspectives of extended plasma formations for efficient HHG and nonlinear optical plasma spectroscopy. The book will be useful for students and scholars working in this highly multidisciplinary domain involving material science, nonlinear optics and laser spectroscopy. It brings the new researcher to the very frontier of the physics of the interaction between laser and extended plasma; for the expert it will serve as an essential guide and indicate directions for future research.
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Frequency Conversion of Ultrashort Pulses in Extended Laser-Produced Plasmas

Frequency Conversion of Ultrashort Pulses in Extended Laser-Produced Plasmas

Rashid A Ganeev

Springer Verlag, Singapore
2019
nidottu
This book offers a review of the use of extended ablation plasmas as nonlinear media for HHG of high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The book describes the different experimental approaches, shows the advantages and limitations regarding HHG efficiency and discusses the particular processes that take place at longer interaction lengths, including propagation and quasi-phase matching effects. It describes the most recent approaches to harmonic generation in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) range with the use of extended plasma plumes, and how these differ from more commonly-used gas-jet sources. The main focus is on studies using extended plasmas, but some new findings from HHG experiments in narrow plasma plumes are also discussed. It also describes how quasi-phase-matching in modulated plasmas, as demonstrated in recent studies, has revealed different means of tuning enhanced harmonic groups in the XUV region. After an introduction to the fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of HHG, a review of the most important results of HHG in narrow plasmas is presented, including recent studies of small-sized plasma plumes as emitters of high-order harmonics. In Chapter 2, various findings in the application of extended plasmas for harmonic generation are analyzed. One of the most important applications of extended plasmas, the quasi-phase-matching of generated harmonics, is demonstrated in Chapter 3, including various approaches to the modification of perforated plasma plumes. Chapter 4 depicts the nonlinear optical features of extended plasmas produced on the surfaces of different non-metal materials. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the analysis of new opportunities for extended plasma induced HHG. The advantages of the application of long plasma plumes for HHG, such as resonance enhancement and double-pulse method, are discussed in Chapter 6. Finally, a summary section brings together all of these findings and discuss the perspectives of extended plasma formations for efficient HHG and nonlinear optical plasma spectroscopy. The book will be useful for students and scholars working in this highly multidisciplinary domain involving material science, nonlinear optics and laser spectroscopy. It brings the new researcher to the very frontier of the physics of the interaction between laser and extended plasma; for the expert it will serve as an essential guide and indicate directions for future research.
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Numbers and Narratives in Bangladesh's Economic Development

Numbers and Narratives in Bangladesh's Economic Development

Rashed Al Mahmud Titumir

Palgrave Macmillan
2021
sidottu
This book focuses on socio-economic developments of Bangladesh by challenging the dominant international narrative of the case being termed as “development surprise”, “development paradox” or “development conundrum,” given the absence of good governance. In doing so, the book examines the political economic dynamics and offers valuable insights into the current state of the Bangladeshi economy in light of stability, transformability and sustainability.Pointing to the ‘high’ rate of growth in gross domestic product (GDP) in Bangladesh, there is wide belief that economic growth can be obtained even without functioning institutions, and is more important than an inclusive political system. Advocates go on to argue that authoritarianism may be condoned as long as a steady course of development is perused. However, the inadequacy of comparative analysis in to the state of the economy of Bangladesh vis-à-vis other relevant economies makes such claims myopic and parochial.This book thus investigates the numbers and narratives to ascertain the validity of such assertions and lamentations by looking at the necessary and sufficient conditions of development. The necessary conditions imply an incisive inquiry into the factors of economic growth— land, labour, capital and technology while sufficient conditions warrant a penetrating incisive inquiry into the factors of economic growth— land, labour, capital and technology. As such, the book explores development by drawing variables of politics and economics to find out a causal relationship, and interjects these variables have on themes such as growth, agriculture, manufacturing industry, financial sector, health, education, poverty and inequality.
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