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1000 tulosta hakusanalla Ray Leight

X-Ray Phase-Contrast Tomography

X-Ray Phase-Contrast Tomography

Luca Brombal

Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2021
nidottu
X-ray imaging is a corner stone of breast cancer diagnosis. By exploiting the phase shift of X-rays rather than their attenuation, phase-contrast tomography has the potential to dramatically increase the visibility of small and low contrast features, thus leading to better diagnosis. This thesis presents research on the first synchrotron-based project developing a clinical phase-contrast breast computed tomography (CT) setup at Elettra, the Italian Syncrotron Radiation Facility. This book includes a comprehensive theoretical background on propagation-based phase-contrast imaging, exploring and extending the most recent image formation models. Along with theory, many practical implementation and optimization issues, ranging from detector-specific processing to setup geometry, are tackled on the basis of a large number of experimental evidences. Most of the modelling results and data analysis have general validity, being a valuable framework for optimization of phase-contrast setups. Results obtained at synchrotron are also compared with "real world" laboratory sources: both a first-of-its-kind comparison with one of the few hospital breast CT systems and a state-of-the-art implementation of monochromatic phase-contrast micro-tomography with a conventional rotating anode source are presented. On a more general level, this work sheds a light on the importance of synchrotron-based clinical programs, which are key to trigger the long-anticipated transition of phase-contrast imaging from synchrotrons to hospitals.
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X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging Using Near-Field Speckles

X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging Using Near-Field Speckles

Marie-Christine Zdora

Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2021
sidottu
This thesis presents research on novel X-ray imaging methods that improve the study of specimens with small density differences, revealing their inner structure and density distribution. Exploiting the phase shift of X-rays in a material can significantly increase the image contrast compared to conventional absorption imaging. This thesis provides a practical guide to X-ray phase-contrast imaging with a strong focus on X-ray speckle-based imaging, the most recently developed phase-sensitive method. X-ray speckle-based imaging only requires a piece of abrasive paper in addition to the standard X-ray imaging setup. Its simplicity and robustness combined with the compatibility with laboratory X-ray sources, make it an ideal candidate for wide user uptake in a range of fields. An in-depth overview of the state of the art of X-ray speckle-based imaging and its latest developments is given in this thesis. It, furthermore, explores a broad range of applications, from X-ray optics characterisation, to biomedical imaging for 3D virtual histology and geological studies of volcanic rocks, demonstrating is promising potential. Moreover, the speckle-based technique is placed in the context of other phase-sensitive X-ray imaging methods to assist in the choice of a suitable method, hence serving as a guide and reference work for future users.
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X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging Using Near-Field Speckles

X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging Using Near-Field Speckles

Marie-Christine Zdora

Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2022
nidottu
This thesis presents research on novel X-ray imaging methods that improve the study of specimens with small density differences, revealing their inner structure and density distribution. Exploiting the phase shift of X-rays in a material can significantly increase the image contrast compared to conventional absorption imaging. This thesis provides a practical guide to X-ray phase-contrast imaging with a strong focus on X-ray speckle-based imaging, the most recently developed phase-sensitive method. X-ray speckle-based imaging only requires a piece of abrasive paper in addition to the standard X-ray imaging setup. Its simplicity and robustness combined with the compatibility with laboratory X-ray sources, make it an ideal candidate for wide user uptake in a range of fields. An in-depth overview of the state of the art of X-ray speckle-based imaging and its latest developments is given in this thesis. It, furthermore, explores a broad range of applications, from X-ray optics characterisation, to biomedical imaging for 3D virtual histology and geological studies of volcanic rocks, demonstrating is promising potential. Moreover, the speckle-based technique is placed in the context of other phase-sensitive X-ray imaging methods to assist in the choice of a suitable method, hence serving as a guide and reference work for future users.
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X-ray Imaging of the Soil Porous Architecture

X-ray Imaging of the Soil Porous Architecture

Springer International Publishing AG
2022
sidottu
The advent of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) as a tool for the soil sciences almost 40 years ago has revolutionised the field. Soil is the fragile, thin layer of material that exists above earth’s geological substrates upon which so much of life on earth depends. However a major limitation to our understanding of how soils behave and function is due to its complex, opaque structure that hinders our ability to assess its porous architecture without disturbance. X-ray imagery has facilitated the ability to truly observe soil as it exists in three dimensions and across contrasting spatial and temporal scales in the field in an undisturbed fashion. This book gives a comprehensive overview of the “state of the art” in a variety of application areas where this type of imaging is used, including soil water physics and hydrology, agronomic management of soils, and soil-plant-microbe interactions. It provides the necessary details for entry level readers in the crucial areas of sample preparation, scanner optimisation and image processing and analysis. Drawing on experts across the globe, from both academia and industry, the book covers the necessary “dos and don’ts”, but also offers insights into the future of both technology and science. The wider application of the book is provided by dedicated chapters on how the data from such imagery can be incorporated into models and how the technology can be interfaced with other relevant technical applications. The book ends with a future outlook from the four editors, each of whom has over 20 years of experience in the application of X-ray CT to soil science.
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X-ray Imaging of the Soil Porous Architecture

X-ray Imaging of the Soil Porous Architecture

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
nidottu
The advent of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) as a tool for the soil sciences almost 40 years ago has revolutionised the field. Soil is the fragile, thin layer of material that exists above earth’s geological substrates upon which so much of life on earth depends. However a major limitation to our understanding of how soils behave and function is due to its complex, opaque structure that hinders our ability to assess its porous architecture without disturbance. X-ray imagery has facilitated the ability to truly observe soil as it exists in three dimensions and across contrasting spatial and temporal scales in the field in an undisturbed fashion. This book gives a comprehensive overview of the “state of the art” in a variety of application areas where this type of imaging is used, including soil water physics and hydrology, agronomic management of soils, and soil-plant-microbe interactions. It provides the necessary details for entry level readers in the crucial areas of sample preparation, scanner optimisation and image processing and analysis. Drawing on experts across the globe, from both academia and industry, the book covers the necessary “dos and don’ts”, but also offers insights into the future of both technology and science. The wider application of the book is provided by dedicated chapters on how the data from such imagery can be incorporated into models and how the technology can be interfaced with other relevant technical applications. The book ends with a future outlook from the four editors, each of whom has over 20 years of experience in the application of X-ray CT to soil science.
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Gamma Ray Imaging

Gamma Ray Imaging

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
sidottu
This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of detector technology for gamma-ray imaging, especially as it pertains to new applications. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in medical imaging and industrial testing. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The conversion of the gamma-ray signal into analog/digital value will be covered in some chapters. Some would also provide a review of CMOS chips for gamma-ray image sensors.
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Gamma Ray Imaging

Gamma Ray Imaging

Springer International Publishing AG
2024
nidottu
This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of detector technology for gamma-ray imaging, especially as it pertains to new applications. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in medical imaging and industrial testing. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The conversion of the gamma-ray signal into analog/digital value will be covered in some chapters. Some would also provide a review of CMOS chips for gamma-ray image sensors.
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X-ray Photon Processing Detectors

X-ray Photon Processing Detectors

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
sidottu
This book provides readers a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of hybrid pixelated detectors for X-ray imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications, with an in-depth review of the research topics conducted at leading research institutions in the world. The conversion of the X-ray signal into an analogue/digital value is discussed, as well as a review of CMOS chips used for X-ray image sensors. Applications of hybrid pixel detectors are discussed, such as medical imaging, high energy physics, space, non-destructive testing and security. Provides coverage of a broad range of topics, from international experts in academia and industry;Includes in-depth analysis of how to optimize X-ray detection and electronics for X-ray detection;Covers both technology and applications in a number of different domains.
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X-Ray Imaging Systems for Biomedical Engineering Technology

X-Ray Imaging Systems for Biomedical Engineering Technology

Euclid Seeram

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
sidottu
This book addresses X-Ray Imaging Systems intended for biomedical engineering technology students and practitioners, and deals with the major technical components of x-ray imaging modalities. These modalities include film-based imaging, digital radiography, and computed tomography. Furthermore, principles and concepts essential to the understanding of how these modalities function will be described. These include fundamental radiation physics, imaging informatics, quality control, and radiation protection considerations. X-Ray Imaging Systems for Biomedical Engineering Technology: An Essential Guide is intended for biomedical engineering technologists, who provide technical advice and services relating to digital radiography and CT departments not only in hospitals but in private facilities as well. Students in radiological technology programs may also find this to be a useful resource.
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X-Ray Imaging Systems for Biomedical Engineering Technology

X-Ray Imaging Systems for Biomedical Engineering Technology

Euclid Seeram

Springer International Publishing AG
2024
nidottu
This book addresses X-Ray Imaging Systems intended for biomedical engineering technology students and practitioners, and deals with the major technical components of x-ray imaging modalities. These modalities include film-based imaging, digital radiography, and computed tomography. Furthermore, principles and concepts essential to the understanding of how these modalities function will be described. These include fundamental radiation physics, imaging informatics, quality control, and radiation protection considerations. X-Ray Imaging Systems for Biomedical Engineering Technology: An Essential Guide is intended for biomedical engineering technologists, who provide technical advice and services relating to digital radiography and CT departments not only in hospitals but in private facilities as well. Students in radiological technology programs may also find this to be a useful resource.
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X-Ray Lasers 2023

X-Ray Lasers 2023

Springer International Publishing AG
2024
sidottu
These proceedings present a selection of invited and contributed papers presented during the 18th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers (the 18th ICXRL), held in Shanghai, China, from 17 to 21 July 2023. The conference is part of an ongoing series dedicated to recent developments in the science and technology of X-ray lasers and other coherent X-ray sources, with an additional focus on supporting technologies, instrumentation and applications. The book highlights advances in a wide range of fields including laser and discharge-pumped plasma X-ray lasers, the injection and seeding of X-ray amplifiers, high-order harmonic generation and ultrafast phenomena, X-ray free electron lasers, X-ray and gamma-ray generation, X-ray ghost imaging, optics and metrology, X-rays and ?-rays for fundamental science, the practical implementation of X-ray lasers, XFELs and super-intense lasers, and the applications and industrial uses of X-ray lasers.
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GPU Ray Tracing in Non-Euclidean Spaces

GPU Ray Tracing in Non-Euclidean Spaces

Tiago Novello; Vinícius da Silva; Luiz Velho

Springer International Publishing AG
2022
nidottu
This book explores the visualization of three-dimensional non-Euclidean spaces using ray-tracing techniques in Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). This is a trending topic in mathematical visualization that combines the mathematics areas of geometry and topology, with visualization concepts of computer graphics. Several conditions made this a special moment for such topic. On one hand, the development of mathematical research, computer graphics, and algorithms have provided the necessary theoretical framework. On the other hand, the evolution of the technologies and media allows us to be immersed in three-dimensional spaces using Virtual Reality. The content of this book serves both experts in the areas and students. Although this is a short book, it is self-contained since it considers all the ideas, motivations, references, and intuitive explanations of the required fundamental concepts.
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X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

Springer International Publishing AG
2025
sidottu
This book delves into X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, focusing on instrumental developments and data analysis methods employing chemometrics for environmental applications. The integration of information from multiple datasets is gaining an increase in attention and significance in the environmental sciences. In this book, the contributors provide an up-to-date treatment of the most extensively used chemometric methods for predicting and interpreting spectroscopic data in environmental applications. This book describes recent trends in XRF spectroscopic methods, encompassing energy-dispersive and wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, synchrotron radiation-based XRF, micro-XRF, and total reflection-XRF. It delivers a comprehensive discussion on X-ray detectors and associated imaging applications, along with an exploration of the analytical capabilities of these methods, including detection limits, accuracy, and precision in measurements for environmental samples. Furthermore, this book discusses the numerous advantages and limitations of these techniques, highlighting the latest developments in algorithms based on machine learning, neural networks, and AI for spectroscopic data interpretation. This book caters to researchers across various branches of science and technology, aiming to introduce them to modern techniques coupled with advanced data analysis methods. It serves as a valuable reference for those engaged in XRF spectroscopy techniques, hyphenated XRF spectroscopic techniques, and the characterization of biomolecular systems and environmental samples.
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X-ray Diffraction of Functional Materials

X-ray Diffraction of Functional Materials

MDPI AG
2022
sidottu
Demand for advanced X-ray scattering techniques has increased tremendously in recent years with the development of new functional materials. These characterizations have a huge impact on evaluating the microstructure and structure-property relation in functional materials. Thanks to its non-destructive character and adaptability to various environments, the X-ray is a powerful tool, being irreplaceable for novel in situ and operando studies. This book is dedicated to the latest advances in X-ray diffraction using both synchrotron radiation as well as laboratory sources for analyzing the microstructure and morphology in a broad range (organic, inorganic, hybrid, etc.) of functional materials.
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X-Ray Architecture

X-Ray Architecture

Beatriz Colomina

Lars Muller Publishers
2018
sidottu
This book explores the impact of medical discourse and diagnostic technologies on the formation, representation, and reception of modern architecture. It challenges the normal understanding of modern architecture by proposing that the architecture of the early twentieth century was shaped by the dominant medical obsession of its time: tuberculosis and its primary diagnostic tool, the X-ray.If architectural discourse has from its beginning associated building and body, the body that it describes is the medical body, reconstructed by each new theory of health. Modern architects pre- sented their architecture as a kind of medical instrument for protecting and enhancing the body. X-ray technology and modern architecture were born around the same time and evolved in parallel. While the X-ray exposed the inside of the body to the public eye, the modern building unveiled its interior, inverting the relationship between private and public.Colomina suggests that if we want to talk about the state of the art in buildings, we should look to the dominant obsessions about illness and the latest techniques of imaging the body-and ask what effects they may have on the way we conceive architecture.
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X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Mdpi AG
2018
pokkari
X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) deliver intense, coherent, femtosecond laser pulses in the X-ray range. The XFELs are opening two new research fields. One is to study ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics in various forms of matter. XFELs can make atoms and electrons in action visible. Another field is to study the non-linear interaction of the unprecedented intense X-ray pulse with matter. XFELs transform matter into its new form in extreme conditions that have never been reached. The present special issue provides an overview of the current status and future direction of the development of XFELs and the research fields opened by XFELs. Featured are reports on the status and plans of all FEL facilities in the world, i.e., FLASH in Germany, LCLS in USA, SACLA in Japan, FERMI in Italy, European XFEL, SwissFEL, PAL-XFEL in Korea, and Shanghai SXFEL in China. Reports are also included on instrumentations and on science at these facilities, as well as on the relevant theory.
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X-Ray Studies on Electrochemical Systems

X-Ray Studies on Electrochemical Systems

Artur Braun

De Gruyter
2017
isokokoinen pokkari
This book is your graduate level entrance into battery, fuel cell and solar cell research at synchrotron x-ray sources. Materials scientists find numerous examples for the combination of electrochemical experiments with simple and with highly complex x-ray scattering and spectroscopy methods. Physicists and chemists can link applied electrochemistry with fundamental concepts of condensed matter physics, physical chemistry and surface science. Contents:IntroductionMolecular Structure and Electronic StructureCrystal Structure and MicrostructureReal Space Imaging and TomographyResonant Methods and Chemical Contrast VariationSurface Sensitive and Volume Sensitive MethodsOrganic and Bio-Organic SamplesComplex Case Studies / Electrochemical In Situ StudiesCorrelation of Electronic Structure And ConductivityRadiation DamagesBackground SubtractionX-Ray Physics Nobel PrizesSynchrotron Centers WorldElectromagnetic SpectrumKa,? X-Ray EnergiesPeriodic Table of Elements
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X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Graham N. George; Ingrid J. Pickering

De Gruyter
2024
isokokoinen pokkari
Targeted for chemists, the current textbook outlines the principles, experimental methods and data analysis in X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The authors introduce EXAFS, Near-Edge XAS, X-Ray Imaging and many other advanced experimental techniques. A special section of the book is devoted to applications of XAS in chemistry, materials and environmental sciences.
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X-Ray Science

X-Ray Science

Michal Sabat

De Gruyter
2024
isokokoinen pokkari
X-ray Science is a comprehensive introduction into characterization techniques for surfaces and bulk materials involving X-rays in physics, crystallography, materials science and chemistry. It starts with the basic properties of X-rays and methods to generate X-rays. Various X-ray diffraction methods are discussed together with computed tomography, x-ray fluorescence, photoelectron spectroscopy and a section on soft x-rays for biological samples.
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