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Molecular Basis for Therapy of AIDS-Defining Cancers
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2010
sidottu
Cancer incidences increase in people living with HIV/AIDS. Over 2 million people currently live with HIV/AIDS in the US. This number will increase as HAART prolongs the average lifespan and as (at least in some states) the number of new HIV infections increase again. As this population ages their incidence rates for cancer will increase, as well. Recently, new rational targets for cancer therapy have emerged. But their application to the care of HIV+ patients is slow, because of concerns about the weakened immune status of the patients, because of possible drug interactions with HAART and because some of the AIDS defining cancer are rare.
Metabolic Basis of Obesity
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2010
sidottu
The obesity epidemic has generated immense interest in recent years due to the wide-ranging and significant adverse health and economic consequences that surround the problem. Much attention has been focused on behaviors that lead to obesity, in particular to over consumption of energy-dense food and to sedentary lifestyle. However, obesity is an extremely complex condition with poorly defined pathogenesis. Thanks to greatly enhanced research in the area, the discovery of pathways in the brain and peripheral organs that mediate energy homeostasis has provided a framework for understanding the biological basis of obesity. Metabolic Basis of Obesity adds an important new dimension to the growing literature on obesity by offering a comprehensive review of specifically how metabolic imbalance culminates in obesity. Developed by a team of expert authors, this important title discusses the principles of energy balance, genetics of body weight regulation, hormones and adipokines, and metabolic pathways in the brain, liver, muscle and fat, to name just several of the areas covered. The book also examines the connection between obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other complications. Current and future diagnostic and treatment strategies are also reviewed. Comprehensive and timely, Metabolic Basis of Obesity is an essential reference for understanding the burgeoning problem of obesity.
Molecular Basis of Hematopoiesis
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2010
nidottu
Although much is known with respect to blood cell formation and function, many new concepts in the areas of the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell commitment and the subsequent survival, proliferation, and differentiation of progenitors have been elucidated in the last five years. Our understanding of the microenvironment where stem cells reside and commit to distinct blood types (the niche) has grown significantly in recent years. Furthermore, blood cells have been used as the key model system to study microRNA function and the role of microRNAs in the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. The current volume Molecular Basis of Hematopoiesis, edited by Amittha Wickrema & Barbara Kee, provides the most recent developments in the area in addition to a chapter on the utilization of basic science knowledge for the treatment of blood diseases. Each chapter in this book has been written and edited by faculty in major academic and research institutions around the world, who are pushing the frontiers of research in this important area.
Molecular Basis of Thyroid Cancer
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2010
nidottu
Thyroid cancer is the fastest growing cancer in the U.S., especially among women. Given the relative success we have had in its treatment, there is a need to capitalize on it by better understanding the factors that underpin this malignancy, and exploring better strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. To do so, we must take full advantage of the revolution in modern biology. This comprehensive volume addresses the needs of a broad readership. Against a backdrop of the complexity of the origins of cancer, pathology of thyroid tumors, including lymphomas, is discussed, as are molecular genetic lesions associated with spontaneous and radiation-related thyroid tumors, diagnostic tests available to surmise tumor subtypes (including a review of the potential of DNA micro arrays), advances in therapeutics (including recombinant hTSH superagonists, allowing for better treatment of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma and its imaging), and combinations of drugs that might influence the course of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer. In this book, we glimpse into the promise of gene therapy in the future management of otherwise lethal anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid tumors. The molecular genetics of medullary thyroid cancer is considered in depth, and malignancy is used as a showcase for genetic prediction and counseling.
During the Medieval period, farmers across Europe were often obliged to offer one tenth of their yield to the Church, supporting a network of monasteries, abbeys and their varying religious motives. Storage for such offerings, known as tithes, required the construction of large, protective structures, large enough to hold produce from many surrounding farms. As a result, rural England became peppered with tithe barns – long buildings of timber and stone, often in areas with a significant religious presence. Their longevity is owed in part to the alteration of their use over hundreds of years, few now fulfilling the purpose of storage and taxation of farmers on behalf of the Church. Now, these buildings provide much in the way of pleasure as historical attractions, wedding venues, restaurants and, for some, family homes. Here, some of the country’s notable examples are explored, shedding light on a little-known regular feature in Britain’s towns and villages.
Anatomic Basis of Echocardiographic Diagnosis
Kwan-Leung Chan; John P. Veinot
Springer London Ltd
2016
nidottu
The aim of this book is to provide a systematic approach to echocardiographic diagnosis based upon a comprehensive understanding of cardiac anatomy. We shall provide abundant anatomic correlates of echocardiographic findings throughout the book.The book will be divided into three sections. Each chapter will cover both normal and pathological findings on echocardiography with anatomic correlation. The first section will address the normal findings which can be appreciated by current day echocardiography. The impact of aging on cardiac structure and function will also be covered in this section. In the second section, specific cardiac diseases will be discussed. The differentiating features between normal and pathologic conditions will be discussed. The last section will address specific clinical settings where echocardiography is pivotal for diagnosis and patient management.
There have been books about dogs since books began -- manuals on training and raising them, stories featuring dogs, and memoirs seen through the eyes of dogs. Lately, there has been a rash of books that purport to tell us what dogs are thinking, such as the bestselling What Dogs Are Thinking.This is a book about a Jewish boy and his sled dogs -- also a couple of wolves, a parrot or two...and Pinkwater's uncle...and his father. Daniel Pinkwater, prodigious author of books for children, popular commentator on National Public Radio, and dog trainer to the stars, is unclear about what dogs are thinking. In fact, he appears to be completely baffled by them. He considers himself lucky that his dog does not foul the carpet, bite people, or run in traffic. Unlike every other dog book ever written, this one does not make the reader feel more stupid than the author.
The Barns of Southern Maryland
J. Carlton Sharp
Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
2011
nidottu
A superb new experience and adventure for both young and senior readers to visually see and appreciate the counties of Southern Maryland, and the years of growing tobacco. Mr. Sharp skillfully takes us back to the year 1634 and the first landing of European immigrants on American shores at St. Clements Island. They ventured from England on two wind-driven ships: the "ARK" and the "DOVE." With considerable research, he moves us through a short history of our earliest beginnings of Maryland's birth. The material is easy reading and beckons' the reader to become part of the story of Southern Maryland's growth and economic importance to the State. The author has a nice transition to the short history of Barns themselves; why they were "Red"; introducing Quilt Barns, Round Barns, and the famous barn advertisers that promoted, the rare to be seen, "Mail Pouch Tobacco Barns." Next is a wonderful introduction to the farmers best friends: Cats, and the Barn Owl. We discover how they are truly worth their weight in Gold. A more somber view of labor employment is followed by the many ways of drying tobacco. Mr. Sharp introduces us to each the three lower counties with a short history of their contributions to expansion and agricultural production. This is followed by personal interviews of local farmers, and how the Maryland Tobacco Buyout of 2000 affected each in their decision to participate or pass. Far more accepted the cash buyout than the State anticipated. Remaining growers of tobacco today are the Amish, Mennonites, and those farmers with deep personal objections to the buyout proposal. Finally, he engages your attention to the subjects of restoration and preservation, as seen through the eyes of a three-year old child: "Priceless". In closing, the writer suggests a major challenge to all farm families. "Sadly, you are probably the last generation of your breed for demonstrating work ethics, perseverance, and perfection in everything you do. The pride you exhibit must become contagious."
The Basis of Everything: Before Oppenheimer and the Manhattan Project There Was the Cavendish Laboratory - The Remarkable Story of the Scientific Frie
Andrew Ramsey
HarperCollins Au
2024
nidottu
Before the Manhattan Project, before nuclear warfare and the horrors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, there was the twentieth century's great scientific quest to fathom the secrets of the atom.The unlikely story of an Antipodean friendship that changed the world forever. Centered on the inter-war years - within the ivy clad walls of Cambridge University's famed Cavendish Laboratory, amid the windswept valleys of north Wales, and in the industrial heartland of Birmingham - The Basis of Everything is the story of the coming of the atomic bomb, and how the unlikely union of two scientists - Ernest Rutherford, the son of a New Zealand farmer, and Mark Oliphant, a peace-loving vegetarian from a tiny Australian hills village - would change the world.The story that bonds Ernest Rutherford and Mark Oliphant is as extraordinary as it is unlikely. They were kindred souls, schooled and steeped in the furthest frontiers of Britain's empire, whose restless intellect and tireless conviction fused in the crucible of discovery at Cambridge University's celebrated Cavendish Laboratory, at a time when nature's deepest secrets were being revealed. Their brilliance illuminated the sub-atomic recesses of the natural world and, as a direct result, set loose the power of nuclear fusion.It was a heartfelt, enduring partnership, born at the University of Adelaide's modest physics department and then flourishing further in the confines of the Cavendish before ultimately driving the famed Manhattan Project, which produced the world's first nuclear weapons, unleashed to such devastating effect on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.Rutherford and Oliphant were men with a shared devotion to pure science, who, through circumstance and necessity, found themselves betrayed as instruments of wars they detested but were duty-bound to prosecute. Consequently, their influence was pivotal in the last great global conflict the world witnessed and in engendering the thermonuclear threat that has held the planet hostage ever since. Yet their pioneering work also lives on in a vast array of innovations seeded by nuclear physics, from radiocarbon dating and TV screens to life-saving diagnostic-imaging devices.PRAISE FOR THE BASIS OF EVERYTHING"In The Basis of Everything, journalist Andrew Ramsey has succeeded in telling a story so detailed and compelling that even knowing where it leads does not distract from the journey." The Sydney Morning Herald
Subcellular Basis of Contractile Failure
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2011
nidottu
This monograph contains 20 selected papers presented at the Symposium on Subcellular Basis of Contractile Failure which was held in Ottawa during May 11-13, 1989 and is designed for the benefit ofthose who were unable to attend this event. It is now increasingly becoming clear that an excessive amount of calcium is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of heart diseases. Accordingly, the investigations concerning the role of calcium chan nels and their regulatory mechanisms in heart function as well as of the intra cellular calcium overload in cardiac dysfunction are presented here. Since sodium is also considered to influence the cardiac contractile force by chang 2 ing the intracellular concentration of calcium through the Na +-Ca+ exchange 2 mechanism in the cell membrane, the role of Na +-Ca+ exchange in heart func tion as well as pathology of contractile failure is discussed. In view of the new ly discovered implications of the oxygen free radicals in cellular injury, papers concerning the role of these radicals in heart disease are included in this book. For the purpose of clarity, different chapters have been organized under three main headings: (I) Role of cations in heart function, (II) Cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathies, and (III) Ischemic heart disease and cardiac failure.
Molecular Basis of Lymphokine Action
David R. Webb; Carl W. Pierce; Stanley Cohen
Humana Press Inc.
2012
nidottu
The Fifth International Lymphokine Workshop was convened in Clearwater Beach, Florida, January 11-15, 1987. The theme chosen for the meeting was 'The Molecular Basis of Lymphokine Action," which reflected the opinion of the organizers as to how far the field had moved since the first Lymphokine Workshop only eleven years ago. As was evident at the last Lymphokine Workshop held in 1985, the contribution of molecular biology, particularly in the cloning of lymphokine genes, continues to play an important role in clarifying the structure of lymphokines, providing recombinant (read "pure") proteins for biological studies, and suggesting directions for studies of the molecular basis of lymphokine activity. The most recent lymphokines to yield to molecular cloning meth odology were the B-cell growth and differentiation factors, in partic ular BSF-1 or, as it is sometimes termed, interleukin 4. One of the surprises from this research is the broad spectrum of activities that can be attributed to this molecule, aside from its effects on B-cells, thus perhaps justifying its being called an interleukin. The interleukin 2 symposium demonstrated that even in a well-established research area, controversy and excitement can continue, when evidence was presented by several investigators indicating the presence of a second "converter" protein that changes the affinity of the now classical Tac antigen from a low to a high affinity IL-2 receptor.
Morphological Basis of Human Reproductive Function
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2013
nidottu
Reproduction is, it would appear, a very simple biological event: the result of an act of love. In actual fact, it has always been, and still continues to be, one of the most complex, yet at the same time, most fascinating, problems, with which Science has ever been engaged. Physiopathology of human reproduction has always made use of investigations of a morphological nature, perhaps on account of the need to «see inside» the reproductive apparatus or within the gonads themselves in order to better understand how they function. Observation of spermatozoa practically coincided with the discovery of the microscope, and histological study of the testis and ovary was, for a very long time, the only means available with which to closely follow the evolution of gametes destined to their meeting. Improvement of techniques resulting from the evolution of endocrinology of reproduction has only apparently put aside morphological techniques, whilst at the same time there has been a gradual development of ultrastructural techniques, on the one hand, and, on the other, macroscopic diagnostic systems through images.
Molecular Basis of Pancreas Development and Function
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2012
nidottu
Diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing in prevalence throughout both developed and developing countries. The social and economic burden of this disease is estimated to cost 14 billion dollars worldwide. In the USA alone, 15 million individuals are diabetic, nearly half of them unaware of their condition. Complications of diabetes mellitus are the leading causes for blindness, limb amputation and chronic renal failure and kidney transplantation in industrialized countries. Further, diabetes mellitus per se and the metabolic derangement associated with diabetes are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes, as defined by an elevated fasting blood glucose level is presently subdivided in etiologically distinct groups. The most prevalent being type 2 (adult onset) diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and failure of the ~-cell to supply insulin in amounts sufficient to meet the body's needs. Type 1 (juvenile) diabetes, most commonly with an onset during childhood and adolescence, is caused by an auto-immune destruction of the pancreatic ~-cells. The causations of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes involve a combination of complex genetic traits and environmental influences. A third category are the mature onset diabetes of the young (MODY). This comparatively small group of patients (-10% of diabetes) presents relative early in life «30 years of age) compared to the more common late onset type 2 diabetes.
Molecular Basis of Reproductive Endocrinology
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2011
nidottu
Recent advances in molecular biology have provided new dimensions in the study of the reproductive system. There has been major progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hormone action in the past few' years. The symposium on "Molecular Basis of Reproductive Endocrinology" was organized to highlight new research findings on the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The emphasis of the symposium was on physiological questions answered by the molecular biology approach. Studies on the functional relevance of gonadotropin releasing hormone and LH and FSH gene expression were presented, together with research on the molecular biology of ovarian and testicular steroidogenic enzymes and protein hormones. Also, several novel aspects of hormone gene expression in placental tissues were reviewed. The symposium was held July 25 to 26, 1991, immediately prior to the 24th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, on the campus of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. Serono Symposia, USA generously financed and coordinated the meeting. We are indebted to Dr. Bruce K. Burnett and Dr. L. Lisa Kern for their professional assistance in the organization of the symposium. We would also like to thank Drs. Victor Gomel, Basil Ho Yuen, and John Challis, who served as session moderators. Most of all, we truly appreciate the efforts of all the invited speakers, poster presenters, and discussants in making this a memorable event as the largest one-day meeting of the Serono Symposia USA, series.