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1000 tulosta hakusanalla Multiple Contributors

Multiple Visual Areas

Multiple Visual Areas

Clinton N. Woolsey

Humana Press Inc.
2011
nidottu
In April 1979 a symposium on "Multiple Somatic Sensory Motor, Visual and Auditory Areas and Their Connectivities" was held at the FASEB meeting in Dallas, Texas under the auspices of the Committee on the Nervous System of the American Physiological Society. The papers presented at that symposium are the basis of most of the substantially augmented, updated chapters in the three volumes of Cortical Sensory Organization. Only material in chap­ ter 8 of volume 3 was not presented at that meeting. The aim of the symposium was to review the present status of the field of cortical representation in the somatosensory, visual and auditory systems. Since the early 1940s, the number of recognized cortical areas related to each of these systems has been increasing until at present the number of visually related areas exceeds a dozen. Although the number is less for the somatic and auditory systems, these also are more numerous than they were earlier and are likely to increase still further since we may expect each system to have essentially the same number of areas related to it.
Multiple-Time-Scale Dynamical Systems

Multiple-Time-Scale Dynamical Systems

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2012
nidottu
Systems with sub-processes evolving on many different time scales are ubiquitous in applications: chemical reactions, electro-optical and neuro-biological systems, to name just a few. This volume contains papers that expose the state of the art in mathematical techniques for analyzing such systems. Recently developed geometric ideas are highlighted in this work that includes a theory of relaxation-oscillation phenomena in higher dimensional phase spaces. Subtle exponentially small effects result from singular perturbations implicit in certain multiple time scale systems. Their role in the slow motion of fronts, bifurcations, and jumping between invariant tori are all explored here. Neurobiology has played a particularly stimulating role in the development of these techniques and one paper is directed specifically at applying geometric singular perturbation theory to reveal the synchrony in networks of neural oscillators.
Multiple Organ Failure

Multiple Organ Failure

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2012
nidottu
Inflammation in itself is not to be considered as a disease . . . and in disease, where it can alter the diseased mode of action, it likewise leads to a cure; but where it cannot accomplish that solitary purpose . . . it does mischief - John Hunter, A Treatise on the Blood, ITfIlammation, and Gunshot Woundr (London, 1794)1 As we reached the millennium, we recognized the gap between our scientific knowledge of biologic processes and our more limited clinical capabilities in the care of patients. Our science is strong. Molecular biology is powerful, but our therapy to help patients is weaker and more limited. For this reason, this book focuses on the problems of multiple organ failure (MOF), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome is, patients who have severe injuries; require major, (SIRS) in high-risk patients, that overwhelming operations; or have serious illnesses requiring intensive care; patients who have diseases elsewhere, in other organs or systems, that limit their capabilities to survive a new insult; and patients who are elderly or at high risk for sepsis or other complications. These are the patients who need our help. They need the advances in science, in molecular biology, immunology, pathophysiology, biochemistry, genetics, high technology, and other areas of maximum support at the bedside. These advances could potentially have the greatest impact on improving patient care.
Multiple Scattering in Solids

Multiple Scattering in Solids

Antonios Gonis; William H. Butler

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2012
nidottu
The origins of multiple scattering theory (MST) can be traced back to Lord Rayleigh's publication of a paper treating the electrical resistivity of an ar­ ray of spheres, which appeared more than a century ago. At its most basic, MST provides a technique for solving a linear partial differential equa­ tion defined over a region of space by dividing space into nonoverlapping subregions, solving the differential equation for each of these subregions separately and then assembling these partial solutions into a global phys­ ical solution that is smooth and continuous over the entire region. This approach has given rise to a large and growing list of applications both in classical and quantum physics. Presently, the method is being applied to the study of membranes and colloids, to acoustics, to electromagnetics, and to the solution of the quantum-mechanical wave equation. It is with this latter application, in particular, with the solution of the SchrOdinger and the Dirac equations, that this book is primarily concerned. We will also demonstrate that it provides a convenient technique for solving the Poisson equation in solid materials. These differential equations are important in modern calculations of the electronic structure of solids. The application of MST to calculate the electronic structure of solid ma­ terials, which originated with Korringa's famous paper of 1947, provided an efficient technique for solving the one-electron Schrodinger equation.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making

Multiple Criteria Decision Making

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2011
nidottu
It was a great honor and privilege to organize the Tenth International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making at Taipei, Taiwan, July 19-24, 1992. Accompanying this unique honor and privilege there was a series of complex, challenging problems. Each of them involved multiple criteria, fuzziness, uncertainty, unknown yet dynamic changes. The problem sometimes cost us sleep because we wanted to do the very best job, but in reality it seemed to be impossible. The following are the main goals of the organization committee: (i) inviting all prominent and distinguished MCDM scholars around the world to participate in the conference and to present their up-to-date research results, (ii) providing financial aid and hospitality so that each invited speaker can have free room and board at a five star hotel, (iii) creating an environment so that all participants can freely exchange their ideas, and build friendships around the world. Due to the enthusiastic participation of the prominent scholars, the generous support of the Taiwan government, universities, the Industrial leaders and nonprofit foundations, and the active problem solving attitude and doing of the organizational committee and the Habitual Domain (HD) club, the conference was a great success.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making

Multiple Criteria Decision Making

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2011
nidottu
Ambitious as the enterprise was, and as demanding as the planning effort promised to be, we set out to organize the IX International Conference on Multiple criteria Decision Making (MCDM) which took place in Fairfax, Virginia, on August 5-8, 1990. We knew it was ambitious because the number of participants expected to attend the conference would approach 160, larger than that of earlier conferences, and because it would include a sizable contingent of 39 participants from the soviet union and Eastern Europe, possibly the largest yet. In many ways, it may be appropriate to say, this international conference presented a microcosm of peoples and new ideas that reflected the extraordinary events that were to take place in Europe and other parts of the world during that summer of 1990. with the theme: "Multiple criteria Decision Making and support at the Interface of Industry, Business and Government" we wanted to focus on new analytical methodologies and management tools, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of decision techniques, the design of experiments to test existing and proposed methods, and the experience gained in the application of these MCDM methods and tools to real-world problems during the last 10-15 years. Many analytical, behavioral, and technological advances are to be made, we feel, at the interface of MCDM Theory, the Behavioral Sciences, operations Research, Systems Engineering, Decision Theory, Mathematical Sciences, and Information Technology. viii The current proliferation of computer-based decision tools offers new challenges and opportunities.
Multiple Access Protocols

Multiple Access Protocols

Raphael Rom; Moshe Sidi

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2011
nidottu
Computer communication networks have come of age. Today, there is hardly any professional, particularly in engineering, that has not been the user of such a network. This proliferation requires the thorough understanding of the behavior of networks by those who are responsible for their operation as well as by those whose task it is to design such networks. This is probably the reason for the large number of books, monographs, and articles treating relevant issues, problems, and solutions in this field. Among all computer network architectures, those based on broadcast mul­ tiple access channels stand out in their uniqueness. These networks appear naturally in environments requiring user mobility where the use of any fixed wiring is impossible and a wireless channel is the only available option. Because of their desirable characteristics multiple access networks are now used even in environments where a wired point-to-point network could have been installed. The understanding of the operation of multiple access network through their performance analysis is the focus of this book.
Multiple Scale and Singular Perturbation Methods

Multiple Scale and Singular Perturbation Methods

J.K. Kevorkian; J.D. Cole

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2011
nidottu
This book is a revised and updated version, including a substantial portion of new material, of our text Perturbation Methods in Applied Mathematics (Springer­ Verlag, 1981). We present the material at a level that assumes some familiarity with the basics of ordinary and partial differential equations. Some of the more advanced ideas are reviewed as needed; therefore this book can serve as a text in either an advanced undergraduate course or a graduate-level course on the subject. Perturbation methods, first used by astronomers to predict the effects of small disturbances on the nominal motions of celestial bodies, have now become widely used analytical tools in virtually all branches of science. A problem lends itself to perturbation analysis if it is "close" to a simpler problem that can be solved exactly. Typically, this closeness is measured by the occurrence of a small dimensionless parameter, E, in the governing system (consisting of differential equations and boundary conditions) so that for E = 0 the resulting system is exactly solvable. The main mathematical tool used is asymptotic expansion with respect to a suitable asymptotic sequence of functions of E. In a regular perturbation problem, a straightforward procedure leads to a system of differential equations and boundary conditions for each term in the asymptotic expansion. This system can be solved recursively, and the accuracy of the result improves as E gets smaller, for all values of the independent variables throughout the domain of interest. We discuss regular perturbation problems in the first chapter.
Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2014
nidottu
This book is based on the papers delivered at an International Workshop on Multiple Sclerosis held in Erice, Italy from 29th August to 1st September 1983. The Meeting was organized with great efficiency in the delightful setting of the Centro di Cultura Scientifica Ettore Mahorana, by its Director, Antonino Zichichi, and was directed by the Editors of the Proceedings and by Professor C. Alvisi of the University of Bologna. The emphasis was deliberately on the contributions of laboratory science to the understanding of mUltiple sclerosis, its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Where so much is unknown, disagreement was expected and indeed welcome, and it is regrettable that it was not possible to publish verbatim the often animated and always interesting discussion. Differing views on the relevance of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to multiple sclerosis were expressed by Dr. Wisniewski, Professor Seitelberger and Professor Alvord, who graphi- cally illustrated his changing beliefs over the years. Professor Seitelberger laid much greater emphasis on remyelination in remission in mUltiple sclerosis than had previously been the accepted view. The disorder of both humoral and cellular immunity in multiple scler- osis was discussed by Dr. Roos and Professor Link. Dr. Gilden described how recombinative techniques might be applied to the detec- tion of a virus in multiple sclerosis. The continued inability to detect any antigen to match the oligoclonal IgG bands in the CSF in multiple sclerosis patients was disappointing and there was an increasing tendency to regard the bands as "nonsense" antibodies.
Multiple Perspectives on the Effects of Evaluation on Performance
In the field of psychology, research areas often develop in relative isolation. Researchers in different areas are either not aware of, or seem to fail to see the relevance of findings from other areas even though it would seem that the findings are directly relevant to their own. One striking example of this is to be found in research that focuses on the effects of evaluation on performance. This volume integrates thinking from five different research traditions - Achievement Goals, Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation, Goal Setting, Social Loafing, and Social Facilitation - through the unique format of a give-and-take conversation between leading academics from each.
Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis

Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis

Valerie Belton; Theodor Stewart

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2012
nidottu
The field of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA), also termed multiple criteria decision aid, or multiple criteria decision making (MCDM), has developed rapidly over the past quarter century and in the process a number of divergent schools of thought have emerged. This can make it difficult for a new entrant into the field to develop a comprehensive appreciation of the range of tools and approaches which are available to assist decision makers in dealing with the ever-present difficulties of seeking compromise or consensus between conflicting inter­ ests and goals, i.e. the "multiple criteria". The diversity of philosophies and models makes it equally difficult for potential users of MCDA, i.e. management scientists and/or decision makers facing problems involving conflicting goals, to gain a clear understanding of which methodologies are appropriate to their particular context. Our intention in writing this book has been to provide a compre­ hensive yet widely accessible overview of the main streams of thought within MCDA. We aim to provide readers with sufficient awareness of the underlying philosophies and theories, understanding of the practi­ cal details of the methods, and insight into practice to enable them to implement any of the approaches in an informed manner. As the title of the book indicates, our emphasis is on developing an integrated view of MCDA, which we perceive to incorporate both integration of differ­ ent schools of thought within MCDA, and integration of MCDA with broader management theory, science and practice.
Multiple Muscle Systems

Multiple Muscle Systems

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2011
nidottu
The picture on the front cover of this book depicts a young man pulling a fishnet, a task of practical relevance for many centuries. It is a complex task, involving load transmission throughout the body, intricate balance, and eye­ head-hand coordination. The quest toward understanding how we perform such tasks with skill and grace, often in the presence of unpredictable pertur­ bations, has a long history. However, despite a history of magnificent sculptures and drawings of the human body which vividly depict muscle ac­ tivity and interaction, until more recent times our state of knowledge of human movement was rather primitive. During the past century this has changed; we now have developed a considerable database regarding the com­ position and basic properties of muscle and nerve tissue and the basic causal relations between neural function and biomechanical movement. Over the last few decades we have also seen an increased appreciation of the impor­ tance of musculoskeletal biomechanics: the neuromotor system must control movement within a world governed by mechanical laws. We have now col­ lected quantitative data for a wealth of human movements. Our capacity to understand the data we collect has been enhanced by our continually evolving modeling capabilities and by the availability of computational power. What have we learned? This book is designed to help synthesize our current knowledge regarding the role of muscles in human movement. The study of human movement is not a mature discipline.
Multiple Dimensions of Caregiving and Disability
Caring for people with disabilities often becomes an all-encompassing responsibility for one or more family members. To manage the multifaceted demands, caregivers must possess strong multitasking skills, including the ability to assist with daily life tasks; provide emotional support; help with financial affairs; mediate and advocate with health care providers. Maintaining balance within their own lives can become incredibly challenging for caregivers. More often than not, providing care for family members or loved ones occurs at the expense of the caregivers’ well-being. And for caregivers who themselves have disabilities, it further complicates matters.Multiple Dimensions of Caregiving and Disability addresses concerns that have been long familiar to the caregiver population and examines the current state of family care for individuals with disabilities. With a lifespan perspective, this concise reference reviews the literature on specific problems of caregivers and explores which care strategies are effective, promising, or lacking in available resources and support interventions. Contributors also explore the more fluid and subjective aspects of caregiving, such as feelings, spirituality, and family roles. Suggestions for future policy improvements, particularly within the public health sector, are discussed as well.Topics covered include:• Family dynamics and caregiving for people with disabilities.• Parent caregiving of children with disabilities.• Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and caregiving.• Educational, training, and support programs for caregivers.• Emerging technologies to aid caregivers.• Developing partnerships between caregivers and health care providers.Multiple Dimensions of Caregiving and Disability is a must-have resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners, policy makers, and graduate students across such disciplines as clinicalpsychology, nursing, social work, public health, medicine, and social and education policy.
Multiple Sclerosis Immunology

Multiple Sclerosis Immunology

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2013
sidottu
The availability of powerful genome-wide association study technology, during the last five years, has shown that most of the “new” MS susceptibility loci are immune-response genes. It is clear that there is much novelty in the field of MS immunology, which has served as an impetus to invest in new therapies. Notably, most if not all of these are immunotherapies. Even the equally exciting field of cell-based therapies and neuro-regeneration may well rely on cells or growth factors that are no less immunomodulators than restorative of myelin and neural cell function. Multiple Sclerosis Immunology looks at MS immunology as the basis for the present and—even more—the future of treatments for this complex autoimmune condition. Both editors are immunologists, as well as clinical neurologists, and appreciate the importance of a sustained dialogue between basic and clinical scientists to ensure that “translation” is real and not just virtual.
Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2013
sidottu
This is a comprehensive, state-of-the-art guide to the diagnosis, treatment, and biology of multiple myeloma and related plasma disorders. Edited and written by a multidisciplinary group of recognized authorities from the Mayo Clinic, it presents clear guidelines on diagnosis and therapy and covers all aspects of multiple myeloma, from molecular classification and diagnosis, to risk stratification and therapy. Closely related plasma cell disorders such as solitary plasmacytoma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, and light chain amyloidosis are discussed in detail as well. The book addresses often overlooked topics, including the role of radiation therapy, vertebral augmentation, and supportive care.Our understanding of this group of disorders is developing at an unprecedented rate, and Multiple Myeloma meets the need among oncologists and hematologists for a clear, timely, and authoritative resource on their biology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Multiple Electron Resonance Spectroscopy

Multiple Electron Resonance Spectroscopy

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2012
nidottu
Abragam and Bleaney/H) and others.o6---19) Basically, this volume deals with those spectroscopic techniques that use EPR as a detection method. Chapters 2 through 5 cover the experimental and theoretical aspects of multiple resonance spectroscopy. Chapters 6 through 12 are systems-oriented and deal with the multiple resonance techniques applied to crystals, glasses, bioproteins, polymers, and triplets. The concepts of the first five chapters illustrate the strength of MERS to solve a broad range of problems. Chapters 13 and 14 are rather detailed introductions to two of the latest new applications: TRIPLE resonance and optical perturbations in EPR. The latter is to be distinguished from the OMDR (optical magnetic double resonance) techniques, in which the optical system is the detection method. References 1. E. J. Zavoisky, J. Phys. U.S.S.R. 9, 211 (1945). 2. J. S. Hyde, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chern. 25, 407 (1974). 3. N. M. Atherton, Electron Spin Resonance (Specialist Periodical Reports, The Chemical Society, London) 1, 32 (1972); 2, 35 (1974). 4. J. H. Freed, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chern. 23, 265 (1972). 5. J. E. Wertz and J. R. Bolton, Electron Spin Resonance, Elementary Theory and Practical Applications, p. xii, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1972). 6. G. Feher, Phys. Rev. 103,834 (1956). 7. P. P. Sorokin, G. J. Lasher, and I. L. Gelles, Phys. Rev. 118, 939 (1960). 8. N. Bloembergen, S. Shapiro, P. S. Pershan, and J. O. Artman, Phys. Rev. 114,445 (1959).