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1000 tulosta hakusanalla B. Vickers

B-Ac...Cu-Zr

B-Ac...Cu-Zr

Felicitas Predel

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
2012
sidottu
Volume 12 of group IV presents phase diagrams, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of binary alloy systems. The subvolume B contains systems from B-Ba to C-Zr. Volume 12 forms a supplement to volume 5.
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B'98: Recent Advances in the Development and Use of the B Method

B'98: Recent Advances in the Development and Use of the B Method

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
1998
nidottu
This book presents the refereed proceedings of the Second International B Conference, B'98, held in Montpellier, France, in April 1998.The book presents 15 revised full papers selected from 29 submissions as well as four invited contributions. The B method is enjoying rapidly increasing popularity for the specification and design of software. The book covers all aspects of the B technology, including introductory and methodological issues, theoretical investigations and industrial applications, B extension proposals and support tools, as well as comparisons or integration with other formal methods for software development.
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B 2007: Formal Specification and Development in B

B 2007: Formal Specification and Development in B

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
2006
nidottu
TheseproceedingsrecordthepaperspresentedattheSeventhInternationalC- ference of B Users (B 2007), held in the city of Besan¸ con in the east of France. This conference was built on the success of the previous six conferences in this series, B 1996, held at the University of Nantes, France; B 1998, held at the University of Montpellier, France; ZB 2000, held at the University of York, UK; ZB 2002, held at the University of Grenoble, France; ZB 2003, held at the U- versity of Turku, Finland; ZB 2005 held at the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. B 2007 was held in January at the University of Franche-Comt´ e,Besan¸ con, France, hosted by the Computer Science Department (LIFC). LIFC has always placed particular emphasis on the applicability of its research and its relati- ship with industrial partners. In this context, it created in 2003 a company called LEIRIOS Technologies, which produces an automatic test generator tool (LTG) frommodels described in the B speci?cationlanguage. Other members of LIFC work on extensions of the B method for specifying and verifying dynamic properties. All the submitted papers in these proceedings were peer reviewed by at least three reviewers drawn from the B committee, depending on the subject matter of the paper. The authorsof the papersforB 2007werefrom Australia,Canada, Finland, Germany, France, Switzerland, and the UK. The conference featured a rangeof contributions by distinguished invited speakers drawn from both ind- try and academia.
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B.R. Ambedkar - Religionsphilosophie Eines Unberuehrbaren

B.R. Ambedkar - Religionsphilosophie Eines Unberuehrbaren

Bernd Sebastian Jürgens

Peter Lang AG
1995
nidottu
B.R. Ambedkar (1891-1956) ist eine der herausragenden Personlichkeiten des modernen Indiens, die im Westen nahezu unbekannt ist. Trotz seiner Geburt als Unberuhrbarer wurde er zum Gestalter der heutigen indischen Verfassung und zum ersten Justizminister. Seine Aversion gegen den Hinduismus fuhrte zu einer Beschaftigung mit den verschiedenen Weltreligionen. Er konvertierte schliesslich zum Buddhismus und begrundete eine sog. neo-buddhistische Bewegung, die sofort mehrere Millionen Anhanger hatte. Mit Hilfe weitreichender Neuinterpretationen soll dem Buddhismus in seinem Ursprungsland zu neuer Blute verholfen werden. Die Uberlegungen Ambedkars bieten zahlreiche Anknupfungspunkte fur alle Weltreligionen in bezug auf ihr Wirken in Indien."
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B/Orders Unbound

B/Orders Unbound

Peter Lang AG
2017
sidottu
Contemporary literature concerns itself with transgressing borders and destabilizing hierarchical orders. Border crossing to question the given limits and orthodox beliefs brings many disciplines and diverse experiences together, and the result is a myriad of ways of expressing the alternatives when the established boundaries are liberated. The volume presents fifteen essays and brings together many academics and scholars who share a common interest in transgressing borders in literatures. The book is determined to encourage border violations, and each paper tackles the issue of border crossing in different realms and territories.
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b-Quark Physics with the LEP Collider

b-Quark Physics with the LEP Collider

Gary John Barker

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
2010
sidottu
Theb-physicsresultsfromtheLEPdatasetsexceededallexpectationsinboththe range of topics covered and the precision of measurements that were eventually possible. Thesuccesswasduetoseveralfactorssuchastherapiddevelopmentof silicon-strip vertex detectors, advances in the theoretical description of b-hadrons and not least because of the inventiveness, skill and determination of the expe- mentersperformingthedataanalysis. Inordertoutilisefullytheprecisionofthe newvertexdetectors,carefulcommissioningandeventreconstructionwasneeded. Thistogetherwithnewmethodsandtechniquesofdataanalysis,particularlyinthe areaofinclusiveb-hadronreconstruction,werethekeytoawholehostofmeasu- mentsthatspannedtheentire?eldofb-physics. Theaimofthisbookisnottogiveanotherreviewofb-physicsresults. Instead the focus is on reviewing the main experimental methods that evolved (hardware andsoftware)andthelessonslearntfromsomebodywhowasinvolved?rst-handin theirdevelopmentanduse. Thehopeisthatthisworkwillbothstandasarecordof whatwasachievedwiththeLEPdata,andalsoasareferencesourceofb-physics analysisideasforexperimentersembarkingonprojectsinthefuturee. g. attheLHC oralinearcollider. ResultsfromallfouroftheLEPexperimentsarereportedbutsomebiastowards DELPHIisinevitable,especiallytoillustrategeneralpoints,sinceIamacolla- rationmemberandhaveeasieraccesstomaterial. Iwishtothankmyfriendsand colleaguesoftheDELPHIcollaborationformakingtheprojectsuchasuccess. InadditionIwishtogivespecialthanksto:Prof. Dr. MichaelFeindtwhowasthe instigatorofinclusiveanalysismethodsforb-physicswiththeLEPdata;Prof. Dr ThomasMullerforgivingmetheopportunityandencouragementtowritethisar- cle;Dr. RichardHawkings(OPAL)andDr. ChristianWeiser(DELPHI)forallowing meaccesstosomeunpublishedresultsandforusefuldiscussions. FinallyIwould liketothankthepeopleatSpringer,especiallyUteHeuserforherprofessionalh- dlingoftheprojectandpatiencewithmyregularfailuretomeetdeadlines. UniversityofWarwick,UK GaryJ. Barker September2009 vii Contents 1 b-physics at LEP ...1 1. 1 Introduction ...1 1. 2 TheLEPMachineandExperiments ...3 1. 3 b-PhysicsOverview...4 1. 3. 1 b-QuarkProduction...7 b 1. 3. 2 Forward-BackwardAsymmetry A ...7 FB 1. 3. 3 R ...9 b 1. 3. 4 HeavyQuarkSymmetry...10 1. 3. 5 b-QuarkFragmentation...10 1. 3. 6 b-HadronSpectroscopy ...12 1. 3. 7 b-HadronProductionFractions...13 1. 3. 8 Weakb-QuarkDecay...1 3 1. 4 Combiningb-PhysicsResults...18 1. 4. 1 AveragingofElectroweakHeavyFlavourQuantities...19 1. 4. 2 AveragingofNon-electroweakHeavyFlavourQuantities...20 References ...20 2 Silicon Vertex Detectors and Particle Identi?cation ...23 2. 1 Silicon-StripVertexDetectors ...23 2. 2 ParticleIdenti?cation...29 2. 2. 1 Speci?cIonisationEnergyLoss,dE/dx ...30 ? 2. 2. 2 CerenkovRingImaging ...31 2. 2. 3 OverallDetectorPerformance ...32 References ...34 0 ~ 3 Experience in Reconstructing Z ? bb Events...37 3. 1 ImpactParameterandDecayLength ...37 3. 1. 1 ClusterFinding ...40 3. 1. 2 TrackFittingandPatternRecognition ...41 3. 1. 3 VertexDetectorAlignment...43 3. 1. 4 SingleHitUncertainties...49 3. 1. 5 ResolutionTuning ...
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b-Quark Physics with the LEP Collider

b-Quark Physics with the LEP Collider

Gary John Barker

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
2012
nidottu
Theb-physicsresultsfromtheLEPdatasetsexceededallexpectationsinboththe range of topics covered and the precision of measurements that were eventually possible. Thesuccesswasduetoseveralfactorssuchastherapiddevelopmentof silicon-strip vertex detectors, advances in the theoretical description of b-hadrons and not least because of the inventiveness, skill and determination of the expe- mentersperformingthedataanalysis. Inordertoutilisefullytheprecisionofthe newvertexdetectors,carefulcommissioningandeventreconstructionwasneeded. Thistogetherwithnewmethodsandtechniquesofdataanalysis,particularlyinthe areaofinclusiveb-hadronreconstruction,werethekeytoawholehostofmeasu- mentsthatspannedtheentire?eldofb-physics. Theaimofthisbookisnottogiveanotherreviewofb-physicsresults. Instead the focus is on reviewing the main experimental methods that evolved (hardware andsoftware)andthelessonslearntfromsomebodywhowasinvolved?rst-handin theirdevelopmentanduse. Thehopeisthatthisworkwillbothstandasarecordof whatwasachievedwiththeLEPdata,andalsoasareferencesourceofb-physics analysisideasforexperimentersembarkingonprojectsinthefuturee. g. attheLHC oralinearcollider. ResultsfromallfouroftheLEPexperimentsarereportedbutsomebiastowards DELPHIisinevitable,especiallytoillustrategeneralpoints,sinceIamacolla- rationmemberandhaveeasieraccesstomaterial. Iwishtothankmyfriendsand colleaguesoftheDELPHIcollaborationformakingtheprojectsuchasuccess. InadditionIwishtogivespecialthanksto:Prof. Dr. MichaelFeindtwhowasthe instigatorofinclusiveanalysismethodsforb-physicswiththeLEPdata;Prof. Dr ThomasMullerforgivingmetheopportunityandencouragementtowritethisar- cle;Dr. RichardHawkings(OPAL)andDr. ChristianWeiser(DELPHI)forallowing meaccesstosomeunpublishedresultsandforusefuldiscussions. FinallyIwould liketothankthepeopleatSpringer,especiallyUteHeuserforherprofessionalh- dlingoftheprojectandpatiencewithmyregularfailuretomeetdeadlines. UniversityofWarwick,UK GaryJ. Barker September2009 vii Contents 1 b-physics at LEP ...1 1. 1 Introduction ...1 1. 2 TheLEPMachineandExperiments ...3 1. 3 b-PhysicsOverview...4 1. 3. 1 b-QuarkProduction...7 b 1. 3. 2 Forward-BackwardAsymmetry A ...7 FB 1. 3. 3 R ...9 b 1. 3. 4 HeavyQuarkSymmetry...10 1. 3. 5 b-QuarkFragmentation...10 1. 3. 6 b-HadronSpectroscopy ...12 1. 3. 7 b-HadronProductionFractions...13 1. 3. 8 Weakb-QuarkDecay...1 3 1. 4 Combiningb-PhysicsResults...18 1. 4. 1 AveragingofElectroweakHeavyFlavourQuantities...19 1. 4. 2 AveragingofNon-electroweakHeavyFlavourQuantities...20 References ...20 2 Silicon Vertex Detectors and Particle Identi?cation ...23 2. 1 Silicon-StripVertexDetectors ...23 2. 2 ParticleIdenti?cation...29 2. 2. 1 Speci?cIonisationEnergyLoss,dE/dx ...30 ? 2. 2. 2 CerenkovRingImaging ...31 2. 2. 3 OverallDetectorPerformance ...32 References ...34 0 ~ 3 Experience in Reconstructing Z ? bb Events...37 3. 1 ImpactParameterandDecayLength ...37 3. 1. 1 ClusterFinding ...40 3. 1. 2 TrackFittingandPatternRecognition ...41 3. 1. 3 VertexDetectorAlignment...43 3. 1. 4 SingleHitUncertainties...49 3. 1. 5 ResolutionTuning ...
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