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Models of Neurons and Perceptrons: Selected Problems and Challenges
Andrzej Bielecki
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2019
nidottu
This book describes models of the neuron and multilayer neural structures, with a particular focus on mathematical models. It also discusses electronic circuits used as models of the neuron and the synapse, and analyses the relations between the circuits and mathematical models in detail. The first part describes the biological foundations and provides a comprehensive overview of the artificial neural networks. The second part then presents mathematical foundations, reviewing elementary topics, as well as lesser-known problems such as topological conjugacy of dynamical systems and the shadowing property. The final two parts describe the models of the neuron, and the mathematical analysis of the properties of artificial multilayer neural networks. Combining biological, mathematical and electronic approaches, this multidisciplinary book it useful for the mathematicians interested in artificial neural networks and models of the neuron,for computer scientists interested in formal foundations of artificial neural networks, and for the biologists interested in mathematical and electronic models of neural structures and processes.
Human Movements in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
Cezary Biele
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2021
sidottu
This book discusses human–computer interaction (HCI) which is a multidisciplinary field of study which aims at developing and implementing tools and techniques to attain an effective and efficient interaction between the humans (the users) and computers. In recent years, there is an increase of interest of HCI researchers and practitioners in the inclusion of gaze gestures which can greatly enhance the communication between the human user and the computer, as well as other more “physical” communication involving all what can be learned from movements of the human body, from face, hand, leg, foot, etc., to the whole body movement, even extending to the involvement of groups of agents, even society. These explicitly human-centric issues in the development, design, analysis, and implementation of the HCI systems are discussed in the book. A comprehensive state of the art is given complemented with original own proposals. As opposed to more traditional formal and IT based analyses, the discussion is here more focused on relevant research results from psychology and psychophysiology, and other soft, cognitive, etc., sciences. Remarks on the relevance of affective computing are also mentioned.
Human Movements in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
Cezary Biele
Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2022
nidottu
This book discusses human–computer interaction (HCI) which is a multidisciplinary field of study which aims at developing and implementing tools and techniques to attain an effective and efficient interaction between the humans (the users) and computers. In recent years, there is an increase of interest of HCI researchers and practitioners in the inclusion of gaze gestures which can greatly enhance the communication between the human user and the computer, as well as other more “physical” communication involving all what can be learned from movements of the human body, from face, hand, leg, foot, etc., to the whole body movement, even extending to the involvement of groups of agents, even society. These explicitly human-centric issues in the development, design, analysis, and implementation of the HCI systems are discussed in the book. A comprehensive state of the art is given complemented with original own proposals. As opposed to more traditional formal and IT based analyses, the discussion is here more focused on relevant research results from psychology and psychophysiology, and other soft, cognitive, etc., sciences. Remarks on the relevance of affective computing are also mentioned.
This textbook introduces the widely used numerical technique FEM in various engineering disciplines for the analysis of structures, heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and other physical phenomena. Appropriate for interested senior undergraduate engineering students and beginner graduate students in a one-semester introductory course, this book provides a clear understanding of the main issues in FEM. Looking at the FEM as a variational approximation method that uses localized piecewise polynomial basis functions for the solution of boundary-value problems (BVP) and initial boundary-value problems (IBVP), the book uses examples to apply this technique to various problems of physical interest, e.g., elasticity, heat conduction, advection-diffusion, etc. One-dimensional (1D) problems are presented first to make it easier to grasp the fundamental concepts associated with the formulation and application of the FEM; then, the methodology is extended to more challenging 2D and 3D problems that involve somewhat greater mathematical complexity. For simplicity, the book deals with problems that are specified in terms of a single set of state variables, such as displacements or temperature. Finally, due to the introductory nature of this text, only linear problems are considered.
Uniting Europe through Football
Jonas Biel; Tobias Finger; Arne Niemann; Vincent Reinke
Springer International Publishing AG
2025
sidottu
The book explores how football fandom as a leisure and lifeworld activity can contribute to strengthening identification with and social cohesion in Europe. Based on the three-year research project “FANZinE” (Football as the basis for social cohesion in Europe), financed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the book allows readers to understand the intersection and causal interaction between football fandom, European identities, and social cohesion in Europe, using four European countries Germany, Norway, Poland, and Spain. This book is aimed at those engaged in football and broader sport research, European Studies, as well as identity and social cohesion research. It will also be of interest to advanced students in the fields of Political Science, International Relations, European Studies, Sports Studies, and Sociology.
This book aims to justify and systematize the desiderata that a satisfying philosophical account of mental representations should meet, which is consistent with common-sense practice and scientific research. According to the author, the most important aspect of any satisfactory account of mental representation is the ability to determine that a given representation is incorrect and to identify the nature of the error. The book analyzes selected contemporary theories of mental representations with respect to major desiderata as well as the minor desiderata that they subsume, discussing the requirements for the philosophical accounts of particular types of mental representations. Since none of the previously proposed concepts meet this requirement satisfactorily, the author proposes an alternative theory of misrepresentation, which is based on the idea that epistemic accuracy is what minds care about. According to the author’s findings, cognitive systems rely on complex devices to check for coherence between these representations. In turn, the ideas presented here support the active role of mental representation in practice as an error-checking device in agreement with previous teleosemantics accounts.
The Collector in Nineteenth-Century French Literature
Emma Bielecki
Peter Lang AG, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
2011
nidottu
The collector was one of the archetypal figures of the nineteenth-century French cultural imagination. During the July Monarchy (1830-48) a new culture of collecting emerged, which continued to develop over the course of the century and which attracted the attention of a wide range of social commentators and writers. From the sketch-writing of the 1830s to the late nineteenth-century decadent fictions of Jean Lorrain, from Balzac’s Cousin Pons to Proust’s Charles Swann, the literature of the period abounds in examples of men (and occasionally women) afflicted with what the Larousse Grand Dictionnaire called in 1869 ‘la collectionnomanie’. This book examines these representations of the collector. It shows that woven into them are fundamental anxieties generated by the experience of modernity, involving the nature of identity and selfhood, the relentless accumulation of commodities in a capitalist system of production and the (in)ability of language to translate experience accurately.
Design Ideas offers students a variety of different ways to go about finding a design solution. In addition to suggesting fundamental ways to get the creative process moving and develop a design approach, it also proposes various sources of inspiration for design ideas. It focuses on the three elements of place, form, and function, which can sometimes constitute immediate springboards for concrete designs. These elements must eventually be incorporated as the design process.Subjects: Creativity in the design process; Sources of inspiration and design approaches; Working with place; Working with form; Working with function.
Technical Drawing deals with the representation of plans throughout all phases of a project. For students, the primary focus is on the development and methodical construction of a technical drawing. Themes: Types of plan (from site plan and preliminary drawings to design and detail plans)Components of the plan (floor plan, section, elevation, detail)Line width, dimensioning, hatching, use of text, symbolsPlan presentation and compilation
Technisches Zeichnen beschäftigt sich mit der Darstellung von Planungen in allen Projektphasen. Der Schwerpunkt für Studenten liegt hier auf der Entwicklung und dem methodischen Aufbau einer technischen Zeichnung. Themen: Planarten (vom Lageplan über Entwurfszeichnungen bis hin zum Ausführungs- und Detailplan)Planelemente (Grundriss, Schnitt, Ansicht, Detail)Linienstärken, Vermassung, Schraffuren, Beschriftung, SymbolePlandarstellungen und -zusammenstellung
Technical Drawing deals with the representation of plans throughout all phases of a project. For students, the primary focus is on the development and methodical construction of a technical drawing. Themes: Types of plan (from site plan and preliminary drawings to design and detail plans)Components of the plan (floor plan, section, elevation, detail)Line width, dimensioning, hatching, use of text, symbolsPlan presentation and compilation
In a world of tight time frames and highly interdependent processes, scheduling is an indispensable prerequisite for successful project implementation. It is the duty of the architect to manage all the project participants in a goal-oriented manner and to call for their results when the time is right. For this reason, a systematic schedule of target dates, adapted to a project's sequences and workflows, is a necessary tool for the day-to-day management and monitoring of complex construction projects. Topics: Organizing the planning and construction process The basics of scheduling Goal-oriented presentation formats and levels of detail Developing a schedule Using schedules in the real world
Im komplexen Entwurfsprozess entwickelt der Architekt Räume, die durch verschiedene Einflussgrößen geprägt sind. Wichtig sind Parameter wie Flächenbedarf, Abstände, Einrichtungsgegenstände oder Bewegungszonen. In diesem handlichen Nachschlagewerk finden sich schnell konkrete Informationen zu räumlichen Situationen, die Bestandteil vieler Typologien sind. So sind etwa alle wichtigen Maßangaben zu Fluren, Treppen oder Sanitärobjekten aufgeführt.
The design of a building is a complex process in which the architect develops spaces which are defined by a number of different parameters. The most important of these are space requirements, distances, furniture and fittings, and movement zones. From the dimensions of the human body it is possible to derive guide values for these reference sizes that make spaces comfortable to be in and to use. Spaces in Architecture is a useful reference work for students and designers for quickly looking up detailed information on space scenarios that occur in many different types of buildings. For example, the book lists all important dimensions for entrance areas, doors, staircases, ramps, and elevators. On the basis of this fundamental information it is possible to design buildings in terms of function and type.
Design Ideas offers students a variety of different ways to go about finding a design solution. In addition to suggesting fundamental ways to get the creative process moving and develop a design approach, it also proposes various sources of inspiration for design ideas. It focuses on the three elements of place, form, and function, which can sometimes constitute immediate springboards for concrete designs. These elements must eventually be incorporated as the design process.Subjects: Creativity in the design process; Sources of inspiration and design approaches; Working with place; Working with form; Working with function.
Wie wir Dinge gestalten, hat einen maßgeblichen Einfluss darauf, was oder wen wir als " normal" oder " normabweichend" empfinden. Design markiert somit die Grenzbereiche zwischen In- und Exklusion, indem es implizit Rollen- und Wertebilder konfiguriert und dabei gleichermaßen in den Herstellungs- und Deutungsprozess von Normalität involviert ist. Wenn solche Normvorstellungen durch Design mitkonstruiert werden, bedeutet das im Umkehrschluss jedoch auch, dass sie sich durch Design dekonstruieren, also kritisch hinterfragen und verändern lassen: Design kann auch Gegenmodelle entwickeln. In Inklusion als Entwurf deckt Tom Bieling auf zahlreichen Ebenen Verbindungen von Design und Inklusion auf und leitet daraus nicht nur neue Operationsbereiche für Designer ab, sondern liefert auch Anknüpfungspunkte für andere Praxis- und Wissensfelder.
Basics Architekturdarstellung
Bert Bielefeld; Isabella Skiba; Florian Afflerbach; Michael Heinrich; Jan Krebs; Alexander Schilling
Birkhauser
2021
isokokoinen pokkari
At the beginning of their studies students of architecture are confronted with a wealth of different ways in which to visually present their designs. Expressing ideas in the form of drawings and models is usually required in the early stages of studying: "learning by doing" is the only way for students to quickly develop a repertoire for their design work.However, there are important issues to consider between the phases of devising the spatial concept and recreating it in a two- or three-dimensional drawing or physical model: How to construct a perspective freehand drawing? What plan drawings are necessary to present my design? What scale should my model be and what materials should I use to construct it?Basics Architectural Presentation combines the highly successful single volumes Technical Drawing, CAD, Modelbuilding, and Architectural Photography from the series BASICS with a yet to be published volume entitled Freehand Drawing. Step-by-step, it conveys possible ways to present architectural projects throughout the various project phases. In an informative and practical approach, the publication discusses the basics of architectural representation from freehand drawing, which is especially important in the design phase, to the plan drawing, model, and architecture photography. The student architect learns the tools necessary for presenting his or her work, supported by many concrete examples and practical tips that are directly applicable.
Basics Architectural Presentation
Bert Bielefeld; Isabella Skiba; Florian Afflerbach; Michael Heinrich; Jan Krebs; Alexander Schilling
Birkhauser
2021
isokokoinen pokkari
At the beginning of their studies students of architecture are confronted with a wealth of different ways in which to visually present their designs. Expressing ideas in the form of drawings and models is usually required in the early stages of studying: “learning by doing” is the only way for students to quickly develop a repertoire for their design work.However, there are important issues to consider between the phases of devising the spatial concept and recreating it in a two- or three-dimensional drawing or physical model: How to construct a perspective freehand drawing? What plan drawings are necessary to present my design? What scale should my model be and what materials should I use to construct it?Basics Architectural Presentation combines the highly successful single volumes Technical Drawing, Freehand Drawing, CAD, Modelbuilding (new edition) and Architectural Photography from the series BASICS in a new volume. Step-by-step, it conveys possible ways to present architectural projects throughout the various project phases. In an informative and practical approach, the publication discusses the basics of architectural representation from freehand drawing, which is especially important in the design phase, to the plan drawing, model, and architecture photography. The student architect learns the tools necessary for presenting his or her work, supported by many concrete examples and practical tips that are directly applicable.
The construction sector currently accounts for a high proportion of CO2 emissions and gray energy use. This will have to change fundamentally if we are to prevent catastrophic climate change and make urban planning and construction fit for the future. In addition to a paradigm shift in how architects work, we need to rethink how they are trained in higher education. Based on a lifecycle approach and an awareness of resource consumption, this volume in the Basics series explains a wide range of climate-friendly concepts in an easy-to-understand way, inspiring readers to take a closer look at solutions and new approaches in their daily practice. The key factors involved in the various planning stages of buildings are presented and placed in the context of the overall planning. Explains a range of current sustainability concepts Foundational knowledge for all students of architecture Interdisciplinary and networked consideration of challenges and solutions in the area of climate protection