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1000 tulosta hakusanalla Gerhard Wirth

Self-Feeling

Self-Feeling

Gerhard Kreuch

Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2020
nidottu
This monograph offers new insights into the connection between self-consciousness and emotion. It focuses on what fundamental “feelings of being” tell us about ourselves. The results enrich the philosophy of human affectivity and help shed new light on some pressing, current problems. The author seeks to understand self-consciousness as an affective phenomenon, namely as self-feeling. He identifies it as a pre-reflective, pre-propositional, bodily feeling that shapes our space of possibilities. It is the affective disclosure of individual existence. His account overcomes the difficulties of infinite regress and vicious circularity that reflective (or higher-order) accounts of self-consciousness struggle with. At the same time, it helps build a bridge between the basic level of self-consciousness and the higher level of more substantial thoughts about oneself. The title explores fundamental affectivity, Matthew Ratcliffe’s theory of existential feelings, features of self-feeling, and appropriateness and inappropriateness in self-interpretation. It also considers the contributions of the Heidelberg School of self-consciousness to current debates. The title provides students and researchers with a unique look into such vital philosophical questions as: What is self-consciousness? How do we know ourselves? It will also appeal to a wider audience interested in self-consciousness and/or human affectivity since it does not presuppose knowledge of the jargon.
Discussing Cognitive Neuroscience

Discussing Cognitive Neuroscience

Gerhard Benetka; Hans Werbik

Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2021
sidottu
The sciences philosophy, psychology and neuroscience share the basis that all refer to the human being. Therefore, an interdisciplinary collaboration would be desirable. The exchange of criticism is an essential requirement for interdisciplinary collaboration. Criticism must be heard and – if possible – considered. Indeed, criticism can be valid or unwarranted. However, whether criticism is unwarranted can only emerge from discussion and conversation. In the discussion of cognitive neuroscience, some criticism can easily be considered (such as the mereological fallacy that represents that talking about the person is substituted with talking bout the brain). Another issue for an interdisciplinary discussion of cognitive neuroscience is the interpretation of the readiness potential including re-considering Benjamin Libet’s classic experiments. Additionally, a critical discussion on cognitive neuroscience must address ethical questions, such as the possibility of the abuse of neuroscientific insight.
Discussing Cognitive Neuroscience

Discussing Cognitive Neuroscience

Gerhard Benetka; Hans Werbik

Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2022
nidottu
The sciences philosophy, psychology and neuroscience share the basis that all refer to the human being. Therefore, an interdisciplinary collaboration would be desirable. The exchange of criticism is an essential requirement for interdisciplinary collaboration. Criticism must be heard and – if possible – considered. Indeed, criticism can be valid or unwarranted. However, whether criticism is unwarranted can only emerge from discussion and conversation. In the discussion of cognitive neuroscience, some criticism can easily be considered (such as the mereological fallacy that represents that talking about the person is substituted with talking bout the brain). Another issue for an interdisciplinary discussion of cognitive neuroscience is the interpretation of the readiness potential including re-considering Benjamin Libet’s classic experiments. Additionally, a critical discussion on cognitive neuroscience must address ethical questions, such as the possibility of the abuse of neuroscientific insight.
Bootstrap Methods

Bootstrap Methods

Gerhard Dikta; Marsel Scheer

Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2021
sidottu
This book provides a compact introduction to the bootstrap method. In addition to classical results on point estimation and test theory, multivariate linear regression models and generalized linear models are covered in detail. Special attention is given to the use of bootstrap procedures to perform goodness-of-fit tests to validate model or distributional assumptions. In some cases, new methods are presented here for the first time. The text is motivated by practical examples and the implementations of the corresponding algorithms are always given directly in R in a comprehensible form. Overall, R is given great importance throughout. Each chapter includes a section of exercises and, for the more mathematically inclined readers, concludes with rigorous proofs. The intended audience is graduate students who already have a prior knowledge of probability theory and mathematical statistics.
Bootstrap Methods

Bootstrap Methods

Gerhard Dikta; Marsel Scheer

Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2022
nidottu
This book provides a compact introduction to the bootstrap method. In addition to classical results on point estimation and test theory, multivariate linear regression models and generalized linear models are covered in detail. Special attention is given to the use of bootstrap procedures to perform goodness-of-fit tests to validate model or distributional assumptions. In some cases, new methods are presented here for the first time. The text is motivated by practical examples and the implementations of the corresponding algorithms are always given directly in R in a comprehensible form. Overall, R is given great importance throughout. Each chapter includes a section of exercises and, for the more mathematically inclined readers, concludes with rigorous proofs. The intended audience is graduate students who already have a prior knowledge of probability theory and mathematical statistics.
Uranium and Plant Metabolism

Uranium and Plant Metabolism

Gerhard Geipel

Springer Nature Switzerland AG
2021
nidottu
This book explores the uranium uptake by plants and its impact on plant physiology and biochemistry. In the first part of this work, the author summarizes the chemistry of uranium, its use and its environmental distribution. Then, particular attention is given to the methods for uranium detection, and to the plant biochemical reactions that influence the uranium uptake. Readers will also discover several strategies adopted by cells to immobilize and handle uranium.
My Life in Space Exploration

My Life in Space Exploration

Gerhard Haerendel

Springer International Publishing AG
2022
sidottu
This book tells the inside story of Germany's first contributions to space research by experiments with artificial plasma clouds in space. In this autobiography, Gerhard Haerendel, former director at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, describes his 60 adventurous years in space research. The narrative of exciting events—covering 40 years of rocket and satellite work–is underpinned with accessible accounts of the actual physical phenomena and processes involved. The reader also learns about how the goals set by a visionary astrophysicist eventually led to one of Germany's first major contributions to space research by the creation of artificial comets in the solar wind.Haerendel's efforts also led to two further satellite programs, one in partnership with Sweden, focusing on the aurora borealis, the other, a national German endeavor, to explore the outer border of the magnetosphere. A further interesting chapter concerns his engagement in the evaluation and restructuring of eastern German Academy institutes after reunification.All readers interested in space research and its history will enjoy sharing the fascinating experiences and dramatic events that accompany the story throughout, even some spectacular failures relating to rocket campaigns.
My Life in Space Exploration

My Life in Space Exploration

Gerhard Haerendel

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
nidottu
This book tells the inside story of Germany's first contributions to space research by experiments with artificial plasma clouds in space. In this autobiography, Gerhard Haerendel, former director at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, describes his 60 adventurous years in space research. The narrative of exciting events—covering 40 years of rocket and satellite work–is underpinned with accessible accounts of the actual physical phenomena and processes involved. The reader also learns about how the goals set by a visionary astrophysicist eventually led to one of Germany's first major contributions to space research by the creation of artificial comets in the solar wind.Haerendel's efforts also led to two further satellite programs, one in partnership with Sweden, focusing on the aurora borealis, the other, a national German endeavor, to explore the outer border of the magnetosphere. A further interesting chapter concerns his engagement in the evaluation and restructuring of eastern German Academy institutes after reunification.All readers interested in space research and its history will enjoy sharing the fascinating experiences and dramatic events that accompany the story throughout, even some spectacular failures relating to rocket campaigns.
Foundation Models for Natural Language Processing

Foundation Models for Natural Language Processing

Gerhard Paaß; Sven Giesselbach

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
sidottu
This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in research and applications of Foundation Models and is intended for readers familiar with basic Natural Language Processing (NLP) concepts. Over the recent years, a revolutionary new paradigm has been developed for training models for NLP. These models are first pre-trained on large collections of text documents to acquire general syntactic knowledge and semantic information. Then, they are fine-tuned for specific tasks, which they can often solve with superhuman accuracy. When the models are large enough, they can be instructed by prompts to solve new tasks without any fine-tuning. Moreover, they can be applied to a wide range of different media and problem domains, ranging from image and video processing to robot control learning. Because they provide a blueprint for solving many tasks in artificial intelligence, they have been called Foundation Models. After a brief introduction to basic NLP models the main pre-trained language models BERT, GPT and sequence-to-sequence transformer are described, as well as the concepts of self-attention and context-sensitive embedding. Then, different approaches to improving these models are discussed, such as expanding the pre-training criteria, increasing the length of input texts, or including extra knowledge. An overview of the best-performing models for about twenty application areas is then presented, e.g., question answering, translation, story generation, dialog systems, generating images from text, etc. For each application area, the strengths and weaknesses of current models are discussed, and an outlook on further developments is given. In addition, links are provided to freely available program code. A concluding chapter summarizes the economic opportunities, mitigation of risks, and potential developments of AI.
Foundation Models for Natural Language Processing

Foundation Models for Natural Language Processing

Gerhard Paaß; Sven Giesselbach

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
nidottu
This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in research and applications of Foundation Models and is intended for readers familiar with basic Natural Language Processing (NLP) concepts. Over the recent years, a revolutionary new paradigm has been developed for training models for NLP. These models are first pre-trained on large collections of text documents to acquire general syntactic knowledge and semantic information. Then, they are fine-tuned for specific tasks, which they can often solve with superhuman accuracy. When the models are large enough, they can be instructed by prompts to solve new tasks without any fine-tuning. Moreover, they can be applied to a wide range of different media and problem domains, ranging from image and video processing to robot control learning. Because they provide a blueprint for solving many tasks in artificial intelligence, they have been called Foundation Models. After a brief introduction to basic NLP models the main pre-trained language models BERT, GPT and sequence-to-sequence transformer are described, as well as the concepts of self-attention and context-sensitive embedding. Then, different approaches to improving these models are discussed, such as expanding the pre-training criteria, increasing the length of input texts, or including extra knowledge. An overview of the best-performing models for about twenty application areas is then presented, e.g., question answering, translation, story generation, dialog systems, generating images from text, etc. For each application area, the strengths and weaknesses of current models are discussed, and an outlook on further developments is given. In addition, links are provided to freely available program code. A concluding chapter summarizes the economic opportunities, mitigation of risks, and potential developments of AI.
The Art of Quantitative Finance Vol. 3

The Art of Quantitative Finance Vol. 3

Gerhard Larcher

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
sidottu
The textbook discusses risk management in capital markets and presents various techniques of portfolio optimization. Special attention is given to risk measurement and credit risk management. Furthermore, the author discusses optimal investment problems and presents various examples. In the last section, the book includes numerous case studies based on the author’s own work as a fund manager, court-appointed expert and consultant in the field of quantitative finance. This book is the third volume of the quantitative finance trilogy by the author and builds on the theoretical groundwork introduced in the previous books. The volume presents real-life examples of the successful application of the introduced techniques and methods in financial services and capital markets.
The Art of Quantitative Finance Vol.2

The Art of Quantitative Finance Vol.2

Gerhard Larcher

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
sidottu
This textbook provides the necessary techniques from financial mathematics and stochastic analysis for the valuation of more complex financial products and strategies. The author discusses how to make use of mathematical methods to analyse volatilities in capital markets. Furthermore, he illustrates how to apply and extend the Black-Scholes theory to several fields in finance. In the final section of the book, the author introduces the readers to the fundamentals of stochastic analysis and presents examples of applications. This book builds on the previous volume of the author’s trilogy on quantitative finance. The aim of the second volume is to present and discuss more complex and advanced techniques of modern financial mathematics in a way that is intuitive and easy to follow. As in the previous volume, the author provides financial mathematicians with insights into practical requirements when applying financial mathematical techniques in the real world.
The Art of Quantitative Finance Vol.1

The Art of Quantitative Finance Vol.1

Gerhard Larcher

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
sidottu
This textbook offers an easily understandable introduction to the fundamental concepts of financial mathematics and financial engineering. The author presents and discusses the basic concepts of financial engineering and illustrates how to trade and to analyze financial products with numerous examples. Special attention is given to the valuation of basic financial derivatives. In the final section of the book, the author introduces the Wiener Stock Price Model and the basic principles of Black-Scholes theory. The book’s aim is to introduce readers to the basic techniques of modern financial mathematics in a way that is intuitive and easy to follow, and to provide financial mathematicians with insights into practical requirements when applying financial mathematical techniques in the real world.
Selbstgefühl

Selbstgefühl

Gerhard Kreuch

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
sidottu
Diese Monographie bietet neue Einblicke in die Verbindung zwischen Selbstbewusstsein und Emotion. Sie konzentriert sich auf die Frage, was uns die grundlegenden "Gefühle des Seins" über uns selbst sagen. Die Ergebnisse bereichern die Philosophie der menschlichen Affektivität und tragen dazu bei, ein neues Licht auf einige dringende, aktuelle Probleme zu werfen. Der Autor versucht, das Selbstbewusstsein als ein affektives Phänomen zu verstehen, nämlich als Selbstgefühl. Er identifiziert es als ein präreflexives, präpropositionales, körperliches Gefühl, das unseren Möglichkeitsraum formt. Es ist die affektive Offenlegung der individuellen Existenz. Seine Darstellung überwindet die Schwierigkeiten des unendlichen Regresses und der bösartigen Zirkularität, mit denen reflexive (oder übergeordnete) Darstellungen des Selbstbewusstseins zu kämpfen haben. Gleichzeitig hilft sie, eine Brücke zwischen der grundlegenden Ebene des Selbstbewusstseins und der höheren Ebene der substanzielleren Gedanken über sich selbst zu schlagen. Der Titel befasst sich mit grundlegender Affektivität, Matthew Ratcliffes Theorie der existentiellen Gefühle, Merkmalen des Selbstgefühls sowie Angemessenheit und Unangemessenheit in der Selbstinterpretation. Außerdem werden die Beiträge der Heidelberger Schule des Selbstbewusstseins zu den aktuellen Debatten erörtert. Der Titel bietet Studenten und Forschern einen einzigartigen Einblick in so wichtige philosophische Fragen wie: Was ist Selbst-Bewusstsein? Wie können wir uns selbst erkennen? Er wird auch ein breiteres Publikum ansprechen, das sich für das Selbstbewusstsein und/oder die menschliche Affektivität interessiert, da er keine Kenntnis des Fachjargons voraussetzt.
Sociology of the Next Society

Sociology of the Next Society

Gerhard Preyer; Reuß-Markus Krauße

Springer International Publishing AG
2023
sidottu
This innovative volume provides insight into the vast changes in societies now and in the near future, and highlights the need for a new sociological approach to analyse these changes. It particularly reviews and critiques existing theories of globalization and analyses how global changes affect all subsystems of social membership systems: the scientific, academic, legal and political systems. The authors propose a new theoretical paradigm in sociology to analyse this “next society”. The book studies emergent communication structures between these systems and looks at the concept of membership as a new research area in the study of the next society. In this context, it particularly assesses the problems of further modernization of Chinese society, and the directions of this modernization.This book is of interest to researchers and students of social theory, globalization studies, theory of evolution, and those studying modern Chinese society.
Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Gerhard Paaß; Dirk Hecker

Springer International Publishing AG
2024
sidottu
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already present in our daily routines, and in the future, we will encounter it in almost every aspect of life – from analyzing X-rays for medical diagnosis, driving autonomous cars, maintaining complex machinery, to drafting essays on environmental problems and drawing imaginative pictures. The potentials of AI are enormous, while at the same time many myths, uncertainties and challenges circulate that need to be tackled. The English translation of the book “Künstliche Intelligenz – Was steckt hinter der Technologie der Zukunft?” originally published in German (Springer Vieweg, 2020), this book is addressed to the general public, from interested citizens to corporate executives who want to develop a better and deeper understanding of AI technologies and assess their consequences. Mathematical basics, terminology, and methods are explained in understandable language. Adaptations to different media such as images, text, and speech and the corresponding generative models are introduced. A concluding discussion of opportunities and challenges helps readers evaluate new developments, demystify them, and assess their relevance for the future.
Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Gerhard Paaß; Dirk Hecker

Springer International Publishing AG
2025
nidottu
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is already present in our daily routines, and in the future, we will encounter it in almost every aspect of life – from analyzing X-rays for medical diagnosis, driving autonomous cars, maintaining complex machinery, to drafting essays on environmental problems and drawing imaginative pictures. The potentials of AI are enormous, while at the same time many myths, uncertainties and challenges circulate that need to be tackled. The English translation of the book “Künstliche Intelligenz – Was steckt hinter der Technologie der Zukunft?” originally published in German (Springer Vieweg, 2020), this book is addressed to the general public, from interested citizens to corporate executives who want to develop a better and deeper understanding of AI technologies and assess their consequences. Mathematical basics, terminology, and methods are explained in understandable language. Adaptations to different media such as images, text, and speech and the corresponding generative models are introduced. A concluding discussion of opportunities and challenges helps readers evaluate new developments, demystify them, and assess their relevance for the future.
A Short Guide to Item Response Theory Models

A Short Guide to Item Response Theory Models

Gerhard Tutz

Springer International Publishing AG
2025
sidottu
This book presents foundational concepts, essential principles, and practical applications of Item Response Theory (IRT). It provides a structured survey of diverse models that have been put forth, emphasizing both their differences and commonalities. The main focus is on modern latent trait theory models which provide measurement tools that clearly separate between person abilities and item parameters. The topics covered include the binary Rasch model, its extensions and alternative binary models, ordinal models and their extensions that account for response styles, the thresholds model, classical test theory, response models for count data, differential item functioning, and explanatory item response models. Tree-based item response models, typically not found in classical IRT textbooks, are also addressed. Applications of the models are illustrated on several data sets from differing areas, showing how models can be fitted and compared. All examples have been computed using R. Code snippets are provided, and the full R code for most of the examples is available online. The book is aimed at graduate students, applied statisticians, and researchers working in psychometrics, educators, and anyone curious about modeling strategies that enhance the precision and validity of their measurement tools. It serves as an introductory guide for beginners while also providing a resource for those seeking an overview of the plethora of available IRT models.
Interiors Construction Manual

Interiors Construction Manual

Gerhard Hausladen; Karsten Tichelmann

Birkhauser
2010
sidottu
Soccer stadiums, airports, theaters, museums – it falls to very few architects to tackle spectacular building tasks like these. The everyday work of most architects is more often focused on "manageable" projects like the renovation, remodeling, or rebuilding of single- and multi-family houses, schools, and offices. Whatever the nature of the building task, interior construction is always a significant design and qualitative challenge that calls for highly detailed technical expertise. After all, it affects the realm that will be brought to life and utilized by the user when the task is finished, and whose aesthetic and functional serviceability will be put to the test each and every day. The Interior Construction Manual supports planners in their daily work as a practical planning aid and reference work with the relevant standards, guidelines, reference details, and constructional solutions, all illustrated by built example projects. It brings together the crucial facts on all aspects of interior construction and presents the key fundamentals of building physics, fire protection, interior construction systems, and openings. In addition, it offers concrete tips on integrated planning approaches, energy and sustainability issues, materials used in interior construction, hazardous substances, and dealing with building services and light planning.