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Israel's Intelligence Assessment Before the Yom Kippur War

Israel's Intelligence Assessment Before the Yom Kippur War

Aryeh Shalev

Sussex Academic Press
2009
sidottu
Israel's flawed intelligence assessment in October 1973 has been studied intensively and been the subject of much public and professional debate. This book adds a unique dimension to previously disclosed material, as its author served as head of the Research Branch of Israeli Military Intelligence on the eve of and during the Yom Kippur War and as such was responsible for the national intelligence assessment at the time. Drawing on his personal records, and on interviews and extensive research conducted in the intervening decades, Aryeh Shalev examines the preconceptions and common beliefs that prevailed among Israeli intelligence officials and ultimately contributed to their flawed assessment: the excessive self-confidence in Israel's prowess, particularly in the aftermath of the Six Day War; the confidence that any surprise attack could be repelled with the regular army until the reserves were mobilised; the accepted profile of Sadat as a weak leader with limited powers and initiative; and the belief in Israel's correct understanding of Egyptian and Syrian operational plans . . . Beyond explaining where Israeli intelligence erred, the book probes expectations of military intelligence in general and the relationship between military and political assessments. It considers what kind of assessment an intelligence branch is capable of producing with a great degree of certainty, and conversely, what kind of assessment it should not be asked to produce. Based on the intelligence failure of the Yom Kippur War, this book also reviews possible organisational changes and methodological improvements to guard as much as possible against surprise attacks in the future, relevant not only to Israel's circumstances but to all countries with enemies capable of launching an attack. Published in association with the Institute for National Strategic Studies.
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Israel's Foreign Policy Towards the PLO

Israel's Foreign Policy Towards the PLO

Amnon Aran

LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY PRESS
2011
nidottu
This detailed examination of Israeli foreign policy towards the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) between the 1967 war and the 2005 withdrawal from the Gaza Strip focuses on the impact and process of globalisation on the Israeli state's politics, economy, society and culture. In order to determine how interfacing developed between foreign policy and globalisation a theoretical framework is presented that brings together two established approaches that hitherto have advanced in parallel: foreign policy analysis and globalisation theory. This is the first attempt within the discipline of International Relations to theorise the relationships between foreign policy and globalisation. Causal relationships underpinning Israeli foreign policy -- involving government, the state, the economy, social stratification, and the media -- are linked to globalisation by specific example. Conventional accounts of this relationship strip military and political factors of any significance in terms of the conceptualisation of globalisation and its causes, in favour of spatio-temporal and economic dimensions. The state is viewed as being compelled to transform in response to the pressures of globalisation. But in the case of Israel the state acted proactively by using foreign policy towards the PLO as a key site of action to capture the opportunities and cope with the challenges presented by globalisation. To date there have been only partial historical accounts of Israeli foreign policy towards the PLO in the context of globalisation. It is generally understood that foreign policy towards the PLO became entangled with globalisation due to the socio-economic and cultural globalisation of Israel in the mid-1980s, but this study shows that the increasing impact of military and political globalisation during the Cold War on the Arab-Israeli conflict resulted in Israeli foreign policy towards the PLO, and globalisation effects in Israel, becoming entwined from the early 1970s.
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Israel's Intelligence Assessment Before the Yom Kippur War

Israel's Intelligence Assessment Before the Yom Kippur War

Aryeh Shalev

LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY PRESS
2014
nidottu
Israel's flawed intelligence assessment in October 1973 has been studied intensively and been the subject of much public and professional debate. This book adds a unique dimension to previously disclosed material, as its author served as head of the Research Branch of Israeli Military Intelligence on the eve of and during the Yom Kippur War and as such was responsible for the national intelligence assessment at the time. Drawing on his personal records, and on interviews and extensive research conducted in the intervening decades, Aryeh Shalev examines the preconceptions and common beliefs that prevailed among Israeli intelligence officials and ultimately contributed to their flawed assessment: the excessive self-confidence in Israel's prowess, particularly in the aftermath of the Six Day War; the confidence that any surprise attack could be repelled with the regular army until the reserves were mobilised; the accepted profile of Sadat as a weak leader with limited powers and initiative; and the belief in Israel's correct understanding of Egyptian and Syrian operational plans . . . Beyond explaining where Israeli intelligence erred, the book probes expectations of military intelligence in general and the relationship between military and political assessments. It considers what kind of assessment an intelligence branch is capable of producing with a great degree of certainty, and conversely, what kind of assessment it should not be asked to produce. Based on the intelligence failure of the Yom Kippur War, this book also reviews possible organisational changes and methodological improvements to guard as much as possible against surprise attacks in the future, relevant not only to Israel's circumstances but to all countries with enemies capable of launching an attack. Published in association with the Institute for National Strategic Studies.
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Israel and Islamic Terror Abductions

Israel and Islamic Terror Abductions

Shaul Shay

LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY PRESS
2016
sidottu
Kidnapping constitutes a central component in the attack repertoire of terror organisations. It is a means of promoting the goals of their organisations and their patrons. Since the 1960s, Israel has been extorted by terrorist organisations holding Israeli soldiers and civilians hostage, only to be returned in a deal securing the release of imprisoned members of these terror organisations. Since the 1980s, in the wake of the Islamic revolution in Iran and the ascent of a terror-supporting regime in that country, Islamic terror entities such as the Lebanese Hezbollah organisation and the Palestinian Hamas movement have become preeminent in the Middle East in all matters connected to terror in general, and kidnappings in particular. This study analyses the challenges that radical Islamic groups pose and the response of Israel relating to abductions in Lebanon via the Hezbollah organisation (1983-2016), and abductions in Israel via the Hamas movement (1989-2016). The main debates about prisoner exchange within Israeli society revolve around the following questions: (1) Does conceding to terrorists lead to further kidnappings? and (2) Do the terrorists that are released return to terrorist activity? The challenge issued by terror organisations to Israel whose citizens have been kidnapped, and the way Israel has risen to that challenge, is the prime focus of this study. It follows two earlier books by the author published by Sussex Academic on the regional and global aspects of terror abductions.
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Israel in the 1973 Yom Kippur War

Israel in the 1973 Yom Kippur War

David Rodman

LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY PRESS
2016
sidottu
The State of Israel faced one of its most difficult challenges during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Though the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) eventually emerged as the clear victor in the war, it suffered serious reverses at the outset of hostilities, as well as substantial losses in men and equipment. This book revisits the Yom Kippur War by exploring a number of issues that have not previously received the attention they deserve or that would benefit from a fresh evaluation. Among the issues examined are: the American-Israeli and Jordanian-Israeli relationships during the war; the roles of Israeli nuclear weapons and airpower; the IDF's practice of combined arms warfare; the reasons why the IDF turned the tide of the war more quickly on the Golan front than on the Sinai front; the impact of American arms transfers; and the lessons derived from the war by the United States Army and the IDF. This book, which relies heavily on government documents and other primary sources of information, fills important descriptive and analytical gaps in the academic literature about the Yom Kippur War. No other book compares to it in respect of content and interpretation. It is, in short, essential reading for all scholars interested in the diplomatic and military dimensions of the war.
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Israel in the 1973 Yom Kippur War

Israel in the 1973 Yom Kippur War

David Rodman

Sussex Academic Press
2018
nidottu
The State of Israel faced one of its most difficult challenges during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Though the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) eventually emerged as the clear victor in the war, it suffered serious reverses at the outset of hostilities, as well as substantial losses in men and equipment. This book revisits the Yom Kippur War by exploring a number of issues that have not previously received the attention they deserve or that would benefit from a fresh evaluation. Among the issues examined are: the American-Israeli and Jordanian-Israeli relationships during the war; the roles of Israeli nuclear weapons and airpower; the IDF's practice of combined arms warfare; the reasons why the IDF turned the tide of the war more quickly on the Golan front than on the Sinai front; the impact of American arms transfers; and the lessons derived from the war by the United States Army and the IDF. This book, which relies heavily on government documents and other primary sources of information, fills important descriptive and analytical gaps in the academic literature about the Yom Kippur War. No other book compares to it in respect of content and interpretation. It is, in short, essential reading for all scholars interested in the diplomatic and military dimensions of the war.
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Israel, the United States, and the War Against Hamas, July-August 2014

Israel, the United States, and the War Against Hamas, July-August 2014

Zaki Shalom

Sussex Academic Press
2019
sidottu
Operation Protective Edge, launched on July 8, 2014, saw heavy fighting between the Israel Defense Forces and Hamas in Gaza. Throughout the war US government media spokespersons confirmed Israels right to self-defense against rockets and tunnels, and condemned Hamas for initiating the conflict and its use of human shields. But there is an important difference between confirmation and pro-active demonstration at the highest political level. The longstanding alliance between the United States and Israel has always been subject to the administration and president of the day. In this case, the Obama administrations support for Israels right to self-defense was qualified, and as a result the Israeli political leadership felt constrained in its ability to defeat Hamas militarily without risking criticism from the United States that would impact negatively on the special relationship. In its role as ally, the United States was careful not to apply direct political pressure on Israel. However, US government public criticisms relating to Gazan civilian loss of life damaged Israel on the international stage via harrowing media coverage surrounding the conflict. The Federal Aviation Administration order to airlines to stop flying to Israel enhanced Hamas claim that it had inflicted a strategic defeat to the Zionist State. For the last 70 years Israel has recognized that the United States is its primary strategic ally a principle initiated by Israels first Prime Minister and Defense Minister, David Ben-Gurion. Political and military policies have to be directed to prevent a rift. But the Protective Edge experience has brought to the fore that in times of crisis Israel cannot rely on a special relationship to secure its safety and must of necessity possess the political will and military ability to defend itself and to take actions that may result in a strained relationship.
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Israel's History and the History of Israel

Israel's History and the History of Israel

Mario Liverani

Equinox Publishing Ltd
2007
nidottu
In 'Israel's History and the History of Israel' one of the world's foremost experts on antiquity addresses the birth of Israel and its historic reality. Many stories have been told of the founding of ancient Israel, all rely on the biblical story in its narrative scheme, despite its historic unreliability. Drawing on the literary and archaeological record, this book completely rewrites the history of Israel. The study traces the textual material to the times of its creation, reconstructs the evolution of political and religious ideologies, and firmly inserts the history of Israel into its ancient-oriental context.
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Israel's Ethnogenesis

Israel's Ethnogenesis

Avraham Faust

Equinox Publishing Ltd
2008
nidottu
Winner (for best semi-popular book) of the 2008 Irene Levi-Sala Prize for publications on the archaeology of Israel. The emergence of Israel in Canaan is a central topic in biblical/Syro-Palestinian archaeology. However, the archaeology of ancient Israel has rarely been subject to in-depth anthropological analysis until now. 'Israel's Ethnogenesis' offers an anthropological framework to the archaeological data and textual sources. Examining archaeological finds from thousands of excavations, the book presents a theoretical approach to Israel's ethnogenesis that draws on the work of recent critics. The book examines Israelite ethnicity - ranging from meat consumption, decorated and imported pottery, Israelite houses, circumcision, and hierarchy - and traces the complex ethnic negotiations that accompanied Israel's ethnogenesis. Israel's Ethnogenesis is unique in its contribution to the archaeology of ethnicity, offering an anthropological study that will be of interest to students of history, Israelite culture and religion, and the evolution of ethnic groups.
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Israel’s Lightning Strike

Israel’s Lightning Strike

Simon Dunstan

Osprey Publishing
2009
nidottu
The Israeli Special Forces' operation at Entebbe goes down in history as one of the most audacious counter-terrorist assaults ever conducted. On 27 June 1976, four terrorists - two of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and two of the German Baader-Meinhof terrorist group - highjacked a passenger jet and forced a landing in Entebbe, Uganda. Here they were met by reinforcements, and - although releasing a few hostages - transferred all the Jewish and Israeli prisoners to the terminal building. As Idi Amin's assistance to the terrorists became increasingly clear, the Israeli government began preparations for a military assault. The element of surprise was crucial; never before had such a large-scale raid at such a long distance been successfully undertaken. This is the incredible story of how the Israeli Special Forces defied radar for over 2,000 miles, masqueraded as a tyrant in a Mercedes and captured uniforms, and defeated an army in brutal combat, in a triumph of sheer audacity and nerve. This is a compelling book chronicling an incredible moment in history.
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Israel's Phantom Pact

Israel's Phantom Pact

Noa Schonmann

I.B. Tauris
2018
sidottu
For Israel, a small state surrounded by what it perceives as hostile neighbours, foreign policy has been stamped as the key to its survival. By embarking on what is now called Israel's 'Periphery Pact' in 1958, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion aspired to transform his small nascent state from an object of international politics into a dynamic agent, capable of defining its own individual foreign policy. This pact was to see Israel reaching out to states on the fringes of the region: Turkey and Iran to the north and Ethiopia and Sudan to the south. But although this policy was abandoned shortly after, it has left a lasting imprint upon how this small but ambitious state has dealt with the wider world, influencing politicians from Shimon Peres to Benjamin Netanyahu. Examining Israel's foreign policy from its foundation, Noa Schonmann traces the origins and evolution of the periphery policy and explores how this policy can operate in the context of Israel's relationships with other states in the present day.
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Israel's Phantom Pact

Israel's Phantom Pact

Noa Schonmann

I.B. Tauris
2018
nidottu
For Israel, a small state surrounded by what it perceives as hostile neighbours, foreign policy has been stamped as the key to its survival. By embarking on what is now called Israel's 'Periphery Pact' in 1958, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion aspired to transform his small nascent state from an object of international politics into a dynamic agent, capable of defining its own individual foreign policy. This pact was to see Israel reaching out to states on the fringes of the region: Turkey and Iran to the north and Ethiopia and Sudan to the south. But although this policy was abandoned shortly after, it has left a lasting imprint upon how this small but ambitious state has dealt with the wider world, influencing politicians from Shimon Peres to Benjamin Netanyahu. Examining Israel's foreign policy from its foundation, Noa Schonmann traces the origins and evolution of the periphery policy and explores how this policy can operate in the context of Israel's relationships with other states in the present day.
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Israel and the World Powers

Israel and the World Powers

I.B. Tauris
2014
sidottu
Israel's relations - or lack of them - with Muslim countries throughout the Middle East and the Islamic world are subject to repeated analysis and scrutiny in both the media and academia. But what have previously been less examined are Israel's relationships with the rest of world: from the former colonial states of Britain and France to the superpowers of the US and Russia and to emerging and regional powers such as China, India and Brazil. The diplomatic ties between Israel and these various world powers have been determined by numerous factors. A central and dominating one has, of course, been the Israeli-Palestinian and the Israeli-Arab conflicts. Yet since the signing of the Oslo Accords in the mid-1990s, there has been a remarkable development of ties between Israel and the world on many levels - trade, technology, science, security and military hardware. However, the development and strength of these relationships differ from country to country, from historical epoch to historical epoch. Conventionally seen as a state isolated from its Arab neighbours and irrevocably allied with the US, Israel is examined here in the light of efforts to strengthen diplomatic ties with other powers, such as its relationship with post-World War II Germany and the EU. Furthermore, Israel and the World Powers looks at the ways in which, despite the profound intertwining of Israeli and American foreign policy, the US-Israeli relationship hasn't always been an easy one. With most American Jews being broadly of a more liberal bent than the rest of the US, they often support the peace camp in Israel, whereas it is the Christian evangelicals in the US that tend to support the Israeli right. Taking into consideration the fact that relations with Turkey have cooled significantly following the raid on the Gaza flotilla in 2008, Israel has been forced to look even further for support and alliances. It is by looking at Israel's relations with established and rising world powers that this book offers vital analysis for researchers of both Middle East studies and International Relations.
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Israel and the Cold War

Israel and the Cold War

Howard A. Patten

I.B. Tauris
2013
sidottu
In the wake of its creation in 1948, the state of Israel was confronted with the challenge of establishing foreign relations with key players in the region, in the face of opposition from most of the Arab states. Howard Patten explores the genesis and development of Israel's foreign relations with Iran, Turkey and Ethiopia, known as the 'Policy of the Periphery'. Highlighting the pragmatism and Realpolitik at the heart of this policy, Israel and the Cold War analyses the national interests and mutual concerns which shaped relations and strategy at the United Nations during the critical moments of the establishment of the State of Israel and the following forty years, before the ramifications of the Iranian Revolution became apparent. During this period, Israel made efforts to create pragmatic alliances behind closed doors at the UN, even as ambivalence and hostility reigned in the public sphere. Patten thus examines the implications that the Cold War system of ideological combat had on these attempts to maintain implicit, yet cordial understandings, as world events - such as the Suez Crisis of 1956, successive crises over Cyprus and the Ethiopian and Iranian Revolutions - tested the 'Policy of the Periphery'. 'Israel and the Cold War' traces the development of Israel's relations with these three states, from their initial beginnings to consolidation, then rejection and subsequent efforts to realign. Patten highlights the extensive diplomatic and military reverberations that occurred throughout the region, and the way in which these were played out at the UN. Based primarily on UN documents, this book is a vital primary resource for those researching the period in question and the formulation of foreign policy in the Middle East.
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Israel's Clandestine Diplomacies

Israel's Clandestine Diplomacies

C Hurst Co Publishers Ltd
2013
sidottu
For over sixty years the state of Israel has proved adept at practising clandestine diplomacy - - about which little is known, as one might expect. These hitherto undisclosed episodes in Israel's diplomatic history are revealed for the first time by the contributors to this volume, who explore how relations based upon patronage and personal friendships, as well as ties born from kinship and realpolitik both informed the creation of the state and later defined Israel's relations with a host of actors, both state and non-state. The authors focus on the extent to which Israel's clandestine diplomacies have indeed been regarded as purely functional and sub- ordinate to a realist quest for security amid the perceived hostility of a predominantly Muslim-Arab world, or have in fact proved to be manifestations of a wider acceptance - political, social and cultural - of a Jewish sovereign state as an intrinsic part of the Middle East. They also discuss whether clandestine diplomacy has been more effective in securing Israeli objectives than reliance upon more formal diplomatic ties constrained by inter- national legal obligations and how this often complex and at times contradictory matrix of clandestine relationships continues to influence perceptions of Israel's foreign policy.
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Israel in the Book of Kings

Israel in the Book of Kings

James Richard Linville

Sheffield Academic Press
1998
sidottu
Linville argues that a new approach to the book of Kings is needed because of the failings of the usual historical-critical methods. He adopts a holistic approach which sees the book as a Persian-era text intended to articulate politically and religiously significant symbols within the book's monarchic history. These express the producer's reactions to important issues of Jewish identity in the continuing Diaspora and in Jerusalem. In the story of the schisms and apostacies of Israel's defunct monarchies both the Diaspora and cultural pluralism are legitimized. Rival versions of Israelite heritage are reconciled under an overarching sense of a greater Israelite history and identity.
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Israel Boundary Disputes with Arab Neighbours 1946–1964 10 Volume Hardback Set

Israel Boundary Disputes with Arab Neighbours 1946–1964 10 Volume Hardback Set

Cambridge Archive Editions
1995
muu
The years between 1946 and 1964 are some of the most important for the study of the State of Israel. This collection of primary source documents focuses on the great diplomatic and territorial problems of the period including: the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan; the positions of Israel and Jordan regarding the West Bank and Gaza; the relationship of the refugee problem to the border problem; territorial adjustments for the benefit of Arab frontier villages; implications of the armistice lines for border settlements; and Soviet interest and alliances and Great Power conflict.
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Israel's New Disciples

Israel's New Disciples

Julia Fisher

Monarch Books
2008
pokkari
Ten years ago there were only a few hundred Jewish Christians in Israel. Today that figure is over 10,000 and the number is growing rapidly. Some of the leading Messianic believers are starting to look to the future and turn their attention to passages in the Bible that talk about the role of Israel in the future being a light to the world. A number of Jewish believers are emerging who are passionate, fearless evangelists. The stories told in this book feature some of those who are turning their attention to the Arab world in particular. Who are these people? How are they going about their 'mission' and why are they so passionate to share their faith in the God of Israel with Arabs?
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Israel - Culture Smart!

Israel - Culture Smart!

Jeffrey Geri; Marian Lebor

Kuperard
2018
nidottu
Providing information not found in standard guides about daily interactions, cultural dos and don'ts, etiquette, and the ways business is conducted Culture Smart! Israel marks the nation's 70th year of independence in a concise cultural guide that enables readers to get to the heart of this diverse, dynamic and paradoxical country and enable you to make the most of your visit. Independent since 1948, this edition provides important insights into the complexities of Israeli society so that you will know what to expect and how to behave in different circumstances, avoid misunderstandings and form good relations both socially and in business. While Israel is a modern and largely secular country, it is one steeped in biblical history and in which religion still plays an active role in public life. In seventy years it has grown from a sparsely populated strip of land into a vigorous democracy and regional superpower. Often called the Startup Nation, Israel is a world leader in a number of Hi-tech industries. Its democratic institutions, despite a political and social polarization in recent years, are among the most enlightened in the world. This pocket guide will help readers understand the country and its people beyond the headlines, ensuring for greater understanding and a far more valuable travelling experience, whatever the reason for visiting.
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