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Laser - Surface Interactions

Laser - Surface Interactions

Rashid A. Ganeev

Springer
2013
sidottu
This book is about the interaction of laser radiation with various surfaces at variable parameters of radiation. As a basic principle of classification we chose the energetic or intensity level of interaction of laser radiation with the surfaces. These two characteristics of laser radiation are the most important parameters defining entire spectrum of the processes occurring on the surfaces during interaction with electromagnetic waves. This is a first book containing a whole spectrum of the laser-surface interactions distinguished by the ranges of used laser intensity. It combines the surface response starting from extremely weak laser intensities (~1 W cm-2) up to the relativistic intensities (~1020 W cm-2 and higher). The book provides the basic information about lasers and acquaints the reader with both common applications of laser-surface interactions (laser-related printers, scanners, barcode readers, discs, material processing, military, holography, medicine, etc) and unusual uses of the processes on the surfaces under the action of lasers (art conservation, rangefinders and velocimeters, space and earth explorations, surface engineering and ablation, and others). The scientific applications of laser-surfaces interactions (surface optical nonlinearities, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface nanostructuring, nanoripples and clusters formation, X-ray lasers and harmonic generation from the surfaces) are discussed from the point of view of the close relations between the properties of surface and matter, which is a cornerstone of most of studies of materials.The novelty of the approach developed in Laser - Surface Interactions is related with the interconnection of scientific studies with numerous applications of the laser-surface interactions separated in different chapters by the ranges of laser intensities. We present most recent achievements in this field. The book provides valuable information for different ranges of reader's preparedness to the laser-related topics (from unprepared readers, to students, engineers and researchers, professionals and academics).
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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials

Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials

Rashid A. Ganeev

Springer
2015
nidottu
This book is mostly concerned on the experimental research of the nonlinear optical characteristics of various media, low- and high-order harmonic generation in different materials, and formation, and nonlinear optical characterization of clusters. We also demonstrate the inter-connection between these areas of nonlinear optics. Nonlinear optical properties of media such as optical limiting can be applied in various areas of science and technology. To define suitable materials for these applications, one has to carefully analyse the nonlinear optical characteristics of various media, such as the nonlinear refractive indices, coefficients of nonlinear absorption, saturation absorption intensities, etc. Knowing the nonlinear optical parameters of materials is also important for describing the propagation effects, self-interaction of intense laser pulses, and optimisation of various nonlinear optical processes. Among those processes one can admit the importance of the studies of the frequency conversion of coherent laser sources. The area of interest for nonlinear optical characterization of materials is also closely related with new field of nanostructures formation and application during laser-matter interaction.We show how the nonlinear optical analysis of materials leads to improvement of their high-order nonlinear optical response during the interaction with strong laser fields. Ablation-induced nanoparticles formation is correlated with their applications as efficient sources of coherent short-wavelength photons. From other side, recent achievements of harmonic generation in plasmas are closely related with the knowledge of the properties of materials in the laser plumes. All of these studies are concerned with the low-order nonlinear optical features of various materials. The novelty of the approach developed in present book is related with inter-connection of those studies with each other.
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Laser - Surface Interactions

Laser - Surface Interactions

Rashid A. Ganeev

Springer
2016
nidottu
This book is about the interaction of laser radiation with various surfaces at variable parameters of radiation. As a basic principle of classification we chose the energetic or intensity level of interaction of laser radiation with the surfaces. These two characteristics of laser radiation are the most important parameters defining entire spectrum of the processes occurring on the surfaces during interaction with electromagnetic waves. This is a first book containing a whole spectrum of the laser-surface interactions distinguished by the ranges of used laser intensity. It combines the surface response starting from extremely weak laser intensities (~1 W cm-2) up to the relativistic intensities (~1020 W cm-2 and higher). The book provides the basic information about lasers and acquaints the reader with both common applications of laser-surface interactions (laser-related printers, scanners, barcode readers, discs, material processing, military, holography, medicine, etc) and unusual uses of the processes on the surfaces under the action of lasers (art conservation, rangefinders and velocimeters, space and earth explorations, surface engineering and ablation, and others). The scientific applications of laser-surfaces interactions (surface optical nonlinearities, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface nanostructuring, nanoripples and clusters formation, X-ray lasers and harmonic generation from the surfaces) are discussed from the point of view of the close relations between the properties of surface and matter, which is a cornerstone of most of studies of materials.The novelty of the approach developed in Laser - Surface Interactions is related with the interconnection of scientific studies with numerous applications of the laser-surface interactions separated in different chapters by the ranges of laser intensities. We present most recent achievements in this field. The book provides valuable information for different ranges of reader's preparedness to the laser-related topics (from unprepared readers, to students, engineers and researchers, professionals and academics).
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Mayanka (Hot Sex Story)

Mayanka (Hot Sex Story)

Rashad Cannon

Rashad Cannon
2023
pokkari
Eve Apple, River CabinCassie and Dee, two seductive college friends, are anticipating a relaxing week of camping and getting away from it all in a secluded cabin in the woods. They assist the four gorgeous college males in setting up tents as they drift towards their clothing-optional river camp. Six straight "A" students end themselves taking an advanced course on sexual experimentation and self-discovery while doing an all-nighter to study for the final.
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Palestiina

Palestiina

Rashid Khalidi

Siltala
2024
nidottu
Palestiina-kirjan keskiössä on sata vuotta kestänyt kolonialistinen sota palestiinalaisia vastaan. Khalidi kuvaa sionistisen liikkeen ja Israelin kolonialistisen väkivallan historiaa sekä länsimaisten suurvaltojen, Iso-Britannian ja Yhdysvaltojen, roolia asutuskolonialismin vankkoina tukijoina. Khalidi kertaa satavuotisen sodan historian vuoden 1917 Balfour-julistuksesta ja vuoden 1948 ”nakbasta” aina 2000-luvun alun toiseen intifadaan ja Gazan saartoon sekä loppumattomaan ja mihinkään johtamattomaan rauhanprosessiin.Khalidi kirjoittaa kolonialistisen sodan eri vaiheista nimenomaan palestiinalaisten näkökulmasta tukeutuen paitsi runsaaseen arkisto- ja tutkimusaineistoon myös omaan sukuhistoriaansa.Palestiina ei ole uhriutumisen kronikka, eikä se pyri pyyhkimään pois palestiinalaisten johtajien virheitä. Kirja tarjoaa uuden, länsimaisesta uutisvirrasta poikkeavan ja vahvasti perustellun näkemyksen Lähi-idän päättymättömästä konfliktista ja sen taustoista.
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Mabadi al-Arabiyya Volume 1

Mabadi al-Arabiyya Volume 1

Rasheed Al-Shartuni

Shia Books
2023
pokkari
Mabadi al- Arabiyya is one of the most widely used book to teach Arabic grammar in Hawza. Consisting of four volumes, each volume is divided into 2 sections, one for Sarf and another for nahw. Volume 1 assumes little or no knowledge of Arabic grammar and gradually builds up a student's understanding of the language. Using examples for the Holy Quran and the saying of the Holy Prophet and his Purified household, the author teaches unique messages in understanding the language. This volume is recommended for beginners and contains sufficient depth to allow an understanding of most Arabic literature, especially Islamic literature.كتاب مبادئ العربية هو واحد من أكثر الكتب استخدامًا لتدريس القواعد العربية في الحوزة. يتكون من أربعة مجلدات، ينقسم كل مجلد إلى قسمين، أحدهما لقواعد الصرف العربية والآخر للنحوالعربي..يفترض المجلد الأول ان الطالب له معرفة ضئيلة أو معدومة لقواعد العربية و يبني تدريجيا فهم الطالب للغة. يستخدم المؤلف أمثلة من القرآن الكريم واحاديث النبي وال البيت عليهم السلام، يستعرض الامؤلف خلال الكتاب رسائل فريدة في فهم اللغة العربية..ينصح المبتدئين بدراسة هذه الموسوعة,حيث تحتوي على عمق كاف لاتاحة الفرصة للطالب لفهم معظم الأدب العربي، وخاصة الأدب الإسلامي.
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Frequency Conversion of Ultrashort Pulses in Extended Laser-Produced Plasmas

Frequency Conversion of Ultrashort Pulses in Extended Laser-Produced Plasmas

Rashid A Ganeev

Springer Verlag, Singapore
2016
sidottu
This book offers a review of the use of extended ablation plasmas as nonlinear media for HHG of high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The book describes the different experimental approaches, shows the advantages and limitations regarding HHG efficiency and discusses the particular processes that take place at longer interaction lengths, including propagation and quasi-phase matching effects. It describes the most recent approaches to harmonic generation in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) range with the use of extended plasma plumes, and how these differ from more commonly-used gas-jet sources. The main focus is on studies using extended plasmas, but some new findings from HHG experiments in narrow plasma plumes are also discussed. It also describes how quasi-phase-matching in modulated plasmas, as demonstrated in recent studies, has revealed different means of tuning enhanced harmonic groups in the XUV region. After an introduction to the fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of HHG, a review of the most important results of HHG in narrow plasmas is presented, including recent studies of small-sized plasma plumes as emitters of high-order harmonics. In Chapter 2, various findings in the application of extended plasmas for harmonic generation are analyzed. One of the most important applications of extended plasmas, the quasi-phase-matching of generated harmonics, is demonstrated in Chapter 3, including various approaches to the modification of perforated plasma plumes. Chapter 4 depicts the nonlinear optical features of extended plasmas produced on the surfaces of different non-metal materials. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the analysis of new opportunities for extended plasma induced HHG. The advantages of the application of long plasma plumes for HHG, such as resonance enhancement and double-pulse method, are discussed in Chapter 6. Finally, a summary section brings together all of these findings and discuss the perspectives of extended plasma formations for efficient HHG and nonlinear optical plasma spectroscopy. The book will be useful for students and scholars working in this highly multidisciplinary domain involving material science, nonlinear optics and laser spectroscopy. It brings the new researcher to the very frontier of the physics of the interaction between laser and extended plasma; for the expert it will serve as an essential guide and indicate directions for future research.
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Frequency Conversion of Ultrashort Pulses in Extended Laser-Produced Plasmas

Frequency Conversion of Ultrashort Pulses in Extended Laser-Produced Plasmas

Rashid A Ganeev

Springer Verlag, Singapore
2019
nidottu
This book offers a review of the use of extended ablation plasmas as nonlinear media for HHG of high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The book describes the different experimental approaches, shows the advantages and limitations regarding HHG efficiency and discusses the particular processes that take place at longer interaction lengths, including propagation and quasi-phase matching effects. It describes the most recent approaches to harmonic generation in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) range with the use of extended plasma plumes, and how these differ from more commonly-used gas-jet sources. The main focus is on studies using extended plasmas, but some new findings from HHG experiments in narrow plasma plumes are also discussed. It also describes how quasi-phase-matching in modulated plasmas, as demonstrated in recent studies, has revealed different means of tuning enhanced harmonic groups in the XUV region. After an introduction to the fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of HHG, a review of the most important results of HHG in narrow plasmas is presented, including recent studies of small-sized plasma plumes as emitters of high-order harmonics. In Chapter 2, various findings in the application of extended plasmas for harmonic generation are analyzed. One of the most important applications of extended plasmas, the quasi-phase-matching of generated harmonics, is demonstrated in Chapter 3, including various approaches to the modification of perforated plasma plumes. Chapter 4 depicts the nonlinear optical features of extended plasmas produced on the surfaces of different non-metal materials. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the analysis of new opportunities for extended plasma induced HHG. The advantages of the application of long plasma plumes for HHG, such as resonance enhancement and double-pulse method, are discussed in Chapter 6. Finally, a summary section brings together all of these findings and discuss the perspectives of extended plasma formations for efficient HHG and nonlinear optical plasma spectroscopy. The book will be useful for students and scholars working in this highly multidisciplinary domain involving material science, nonlinear optics and laser spectroscopy. It brings the new researcher to the very frontier of the physics of the interaction between laser and extended plasma; for the expert it will serve as an essential guide and indicate directions for future research.
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Nonlocal Continuum Damage And Plasticity: Theory And Computations

Nonlocal Continuum Damage And Plasticity: Theory And Computations

Rashid K Abu Al-rub

World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
2026
sidottu
Modeling of the evolution of distributed damage and plasticity such as micro-cracking, void formation, dislocation densities, and shear bands necessitates strain-softening constitutive models. The nonlocal continuum concept has emerged as an effective means for regularizing the (initial) boundary value problems with strain softening, capturing the size effects observed in experiments, capturing small-scale deviations from local continuum models caused by material heterogeneity, and avoiding spurious localization that gives rise to pathological mesh sensitivity in numerical computations. This book discusses the integral and gradient formulations of nonlocality, computational aspects, and comparison of approaches and emphasizes recent developments in the bridging of material length scales.
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Interaction Of Mid-infrared Parametric Waves In Laser Plasmas

Interaction Of Mid-infrared Parametric Waves In Laser Plasmas

Rashid Ganeev

WS Professional
2017
sidottu
It is interesting to analyze the application of mid-infrared (MIR, 1000-5000 nm) radiation to study the dynamics of the nonlinear optical response of ablated molecular structures compared with commonly used Ti: sapphire lasers for plasma high-order harmonic generation (HHG), including the studies of extended harmonics at a comparable conversion efficiency with shorter wavelength laser sources, and a search for new opportunities in improvement of the HHG conversion efficiency in the mid-IR range, such as the application of clustered molecules. This book shows the most recent findings of various new schemes of the application of MIR pulses for HHG in laser-produced low-ionised, low-density plasma plumes, which could be dubbed for simplicity as 'plasma harmonics'. The use of any element of the periodic table, as well as thousands of complex samples that exist as solids largely extends the range of materials employed, whereas only a few rare gases are typically available for gas HHG. The exploration of practically any solid-state material through the nonlinear spectroscopy comprising laser ablation and harmonic generation can be considered as a new tool for materials science. Thus the MIR pump based laser-ablation-induced high-order harmonic generation spectroscopy can be considered a new method for the study of materials and one of most important applications of plasma HHG.
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Criteria of the Internal Regulations of the Democratic Parliament

Criteria of the Internal Regulations of the Democratic Parliament

Rasheed El-Medawar

Bnrm
2020
pokkari
For a good parliament, this study aims to be a guide for legislators, in order to develop the practice of establishing internal regulations of parliaments, and by identifying democratic standards that should be respected and observed in the preparation, drafting and editing of these internal regulations, thus contributing to the effective and high quality organization of the work of parliament.
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There's Only One Sin in Hollywood

There's Only One Sin in Hollywood

Rasheed Newson

FLATIRON BOOKS
2026
sidottu
A cinematic, razor-sharp novel following a backlot fixer's daring investigation into the suspicious death of a closeted Black actor within the glamorous world of Hollywood, from the bestselling author of My Government Means to Kill Me Xavier C. Barlow, one of Hollywood's young Black stars taking the industry by storm in the late 1950s, is Skyline Studios's ambitious attempt to rival Sidney Poitier's burgeoning success. His arrival into the industry is calculated, his charm is magnetic, and his seductive screen presence appeals to both audiences and celebrities across generations. But years later, after Xavier dies at the height of his fame, Aaron Touissant--Skyline's designated backlot fixer who helps the studio's stars stay as deep in the closet as humanly possible--is finally ready to expose the powerful culprits responsible for his untimely death. Written as part-confessional, part-cris de coeur from Aaron's panoramic lens, There's Only One Sin in Hollywood is a searing portrait of the movie industry as a manicured minefield and a compelling journey into the queer history of Los Angeles.
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Prince's Minneapolis

Prince's Minneapolis

Rashad Shabazz

THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS
2026
sidottu
When nineteen-year-old Prince took the stage to perform “I Wanna Be Your Lover” on American Bandstand, those who watched couldn’t reconcile how Prince’s funky disco-pop sounds had hailed from a place like Minneapolis. But the Minneapolis Sound, Prince’s signature pop-musical fusion of funk, R & B, rock, punk, and new wave, did not emerge from a vacuum. The place and space of Minneapolis shaped the musical ecosystem that made Prince famous. And in turn, a complex array of social forces shaped the city’s soundscape. An expert on place, race, and culture, geographer Rashad Shabazz reveals the hidden history of the Minneapolis Sound, Prince, and his beloved city. More than a biography of Prince, this is a biography of the city and the world of sound from which Prince emerged. Shabazz traces the history of the Minneapolis Sound alongside the city’s history, from colonial contact and through periods of Indigenous removal, white settlement, mass migration, industrialization, music education, suburbanization, and systemic racism. This complex history, combined with the exceptional talent cultivated in Minneapolis’s small Black communities, gave rise to a groundbreaking genre, the otherworldly legend that was Prince, and music that captivated the world.
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Prince's Minneapolis

Prince's Minneapolis

Rashad Shabazz

THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS
2026
pokkari
When nineteen-year-old Prince took the stage to perform “I Wanna Be Your Lover” on American Bandstand, those who watched couldn’t reconcile how Prince’s funky disco-pop sounds had hailed from a place like Minneapolis. But the Minneapolis Sound, Prince’s signature pop-musical fusion of funk, R & B, rock, punk, and new wave, did not emerge from a vacuum. The place and space of Minneapolis shaped the musical ecosystem that made Prince famous. And in turn, a complex array of social forces shaped the city’s soundscape. An expert on place, race, and culture, geographer Rashad Shabazz reveals the hidden history of the Minneapolis Sound, Prince, and his beloved city. More than a biography of Prince, this is a biography of the city and the world of sound from which Prince emerged. Shabazz traces the history of the Minneapolis Sound alongside the city’s history, from colonial contact and through periods of Indigenous removal, white settlement, mass migration, industrialization, music education, suburbanization, and systemic racism. This complex history, combined with the exceptional talent cultivated in Minneapolis’s small Black communities, gave rise to a groundbreaking genre, the otherworldly legend that was Prince, and music that captivated the world.
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