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Advances in X-Ray Analysis

Advances in X-Ray Analysis

Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
1989
sidottu
The 37th Annual Denver Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis was held August 1-5, 1988, at the Sheraton Steamboat Resort and Conference Center, Steamboat Springs, Colorado. As usual, alternating with x-ray diffraction, the emphasis this year was x-ray fluorescence, but as has been the pattern for several occasions over the last few years, the Plenary Session did not deal with that subject, specifically. In an attempt to introduce the audience to one of the new developments in x-ray analysis, the title of the session was "High Brilliance Sources/Applications," and dealt exclusively with synchrotron radiation, a topic which has made a very large impact on the x-ray community over the last decade. As the organizer and co-chairman of the Plenary Session (with Paul Predecki), it is my responsibility to report on that session here. The Conference had the privilege of obtaining the services of some of the preeminent practitioners of research using this remarkable x-ray source; they presented the audience with unusually lucid descriptions of the work which has been accomplished in the development and application of the continuous, high intensity, tunable, polarized and collimated x-rays available from no facility other than these specialized storage rings. The opening lecture (and I use that term intentionally) was an enthusiastic description of "What is Synchrotron Radiation?" by Professor Boris Batterman of Cornell University and the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Sourc(! (CHESS).
Advances in X-Ray Analysis

Advances in X-Ray Analysis

Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
1992
sidottu
The proceedings of the combined First Pacific-International Congress on X-Ray Analytical Methods (PICXAM) and Fortieth Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis, held in Hilo and Honolulu Hawaii, August 1991, comprise reports on the latest developments in international research on X-ray fl
Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography

Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography

M. Ladd

Springer Science+Business Media
1995
sidottu
X-ray crystallography provides us with the most accurate picture we can get of atomic and molecular structures in crystals. It provides a hard bedrock of structural results in chemistry and in mineralogy. In biology, where the structures are not fully crystalline, it can still provide valuable results and, indeed, the impact here has been revolutionary. It is still an immense field for young workers, and no doubt will provide yet more striking developments of a major character. It does, however, require a wide range of intellectual application, and a considerable ability in many fields. This book will provide much help. It is a very straightforward and thorough guide to every aspect of the subject. The authors are ex­ perienced both as research workers and as teachers of standing, and this is shown in their clarity of exposition. There are plenty of illustrations and worked examples to aid the student to obtain a real grasp of the subject. The practical side is encouraged by the very clarity of the theory.
Advances in X-ray Analysis

Advances in X-ray Analysis

Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers
1993
sidottu
Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis, held at Colorado Springs, Colorado in August 1992. The volume is divided into ten sections: mathematical techniques in x-ray spectrometry; analysis of light elements by x-ray spectrometry; XRS techniques and instrumentation
Advances in X-Ray Analysis

Advances in X-Ray Analysis

Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
1995
sidottu
The 43rd Annual Conference on Applications ofX-ray Analysis was held August 1-5, 1994, at the Sheraton Steamboat Resort & Conference Center in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. The Denver X-Ray Conference has evolved from the 1950's into an international forum for the interaction of scientists, engineers and technologists interested in the use of x-rays in materials characterization. It has not only acted as a venue but has both stimulated and nurtured many of the principal developments in this field over the years. The major changes that have been occurring on the national and international scene as a result of the end of the cold war have dramatic-ally affected the way the materials community does business. The removal of defense priorities and development funds from most new materials initiatives has stimulated the char­ acterization communities to look to increasing the speed of their methods. This is being accom­ plished via the development of very fast dynamic characterization procedures which can rapidly and intelligently monitor and optimize the formation of a desired microstructure. The develop­ ment of intelligent characterization procedures applied in real-time during the manufacturing process can lead to the ability to design desired microstructures. Another potential advantage to this approach is its ability to characterize the actual amount of material which goes into a final product; permitting a rapid transition from R&D to manufacturing by avoiding the prob­ lems associated with scale-up.
Advances in X-Ray Analysis

Advances in X-Ray Analysis

Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
1998
sidottu
The 39th Denver Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis was held July 31-August 4, 1995, at the Sheraton Hotel, Colorado Springs, Colorado. The year 1995 was a special year for the X-ray analysis community, since it represented the 100th anniversary ofthe discovery ofX-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. In commemoration of this event, the Plenary Session of the conference was entitled "THE ROENTGEN COMMEMORATIVE SESSION:1895-1995, "100 YEARS OF PROGRESS IN X-RA Y SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS". It is interesting to note that while we celebrate 100 years ofthe use ofX-ray techniques in general, and about 80 years ofX-ray diffraction and spectroscopy in particular, the Denver X-ray Conference has been in place for about half ofthat time period! Like the X-ray methods it represents, the Denver Conference on Applications ofX-ray Analysis has grown and matured, has survived the rigors oftime, and today, provides the worlds' best annual forum for the exchange of experiences and developments in the various fields ofX-ray analysis. Imagine, when the Denver Conference started in 1951, there were no personal computer- in fact, there were no computers, period! There was no SEM, no microprobe, there were no Si(Li) detectors, no transistors, no synchrotrons, Hugo Rietveld was a child, and many members who regularly attend Denver Meetings today, weren't even born yet! As I write this foreword, a copy of volurne 1 of Advances in X-ray Analysis lays in front of me on my desk.
Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography

Structure Determination by X-ray Crystallography

Mark F.C. Ladd; Rex A. Palmer

Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
2003
muu
I was highly flattered when I was asked by Mark Ladd and Rex Palmer if I would write the Foreword to this Fourth Edition of their book. "Ladd & Palmer" is such a well-known and classic book on the subject of crystal structure determination, one of the standards in the field: I did feel daunted by the prospect, and wondered if I could do justice to it. The determination of crystal structures by X-ray crystallography has come a long way since the 1912 discoveries of von Laue and the Braggs. In the intervening years great advances have been made, so that today it is almost taken for granted that crystal structures can be determined in which hundreds, if not thousands, of sepa­ rate atomic positions can be found with apparent ease. In the early years the struc­ tures of relatively simple materials, such as the alkali halides, were often argued over and even disputed, whereas today we routinely see published structures of most complex molecular crystals, including the structures of viruses and proteins.
The Art of X-Ray Reading

The Art of X-Ray Reading

Clark Roy Peter

Little, Brown Company
2017
pokkari
Where do writers learn their best moves? They use a technique that Roy Peter Clark calls X-ray reading, a form of reading that lets you penetrate beyond the surface of a text to see how meaning is actually being made. In THE ART OF X-RAY READING, Clark invites you to don your X-ray reading glasses and join him on a guided tour through some of the most exquisite and masterful literary works of all time, from The Great Gatsby to Lolita to The Bluest Eye, and many more. Along the way, he shows you how to mine these masterpieces for invaluable writing strategies that you can add to your aresenal and apply in your own writing. Once you've experienced X-ray reading, your writing will never be the same again.
Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering with Applications to Geomaterials

Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering with Applications to Geomaterials

Yixin Zhao; Shimin Liu; Yingfeng Sun

Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
2023
nidottu
Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering with Applications to Geomaterials provides techniques for the analysis of geomaterials, which is of great significance for humans because geomaterials are related to earthquake, resource development, underground spaces, carbon dioxide storage, and more. The book introduces the fundamental theory of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering and covers pore accessibility characterization for natural rocks from four aspects, including quantitative evaluation of pore structure heterogeneity and anisotropy, quantification of pore modification in coals due to pulverization, estimation and modeling of coal pore accessibility, and nanoscale coal deformation and alteration of porosity and pore orientation under uniaxial compression. Finally, interactions between pore structures and fluid behaviors in geomaterials are introduced, along with the connections between small-angle scattering and other techniques (NMR cytophotometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy and synchrotron radiation SAXS and nano-CT) described.
High Resolution X-Ray Diffractometry And Topography

High Resolution X-Ray Diffractometry And Topography

D.K. Bowen; Brian K. Tanner

CRC Press
2019
nidottu
The study and application of electronic materials has created an increasing demand for sophisticated and reliable techniques for examining and characterizing these materials. This comprehensive book looks at the area of x-ray diffraction and the modern techniques available for deployment in research, development, and production. It provides the theoretical and practical background for applying these techniques in scientific and industrial materials characterization. The main aim of the book is to map the theoretical and practical background necessary to the study of single crystal materials by means of high-resolution x-ray diffraction and topography. It combines mathematical formalisms with graphical explanations and hands-on practical advice for interpreting data.
Calculating X-ray Tube Spectra

Calculating X-ray Tube Spectra

Gavin Poludniowski; Artur Omar; Pedro Andreo

TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD
2022
sidottu
Calculating x-ray tube spectra provides a comprehensive review of the modelling of x-ray tube emissions, with a focus on medical imaging and radiotherapy applications. It begins by covering the relevant background, before discussing modelling approaches, including both analytical formulations and Monte Carlo simulation. Historical context is provided, based on the past century of literature, as well as a summary of recent developments and insights. The book finishes with example applications for spectrum models, including beam quality prediction and the calculation of dosimetric and image-quality metrics.This book will be a valuable resource for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students studying medical radiation physics, in addition to those in teaching, research, industry and healthcare settings whose work involves x-ray tubes.Key Features:Covers simple modelling approaches as well as full Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray tubes.Bremsstrahlung and characteristic contributions to the spectrum are discussed in detail.Learning is supported by free open-source software and an online repository of code.An online repository of the code that accompanies this book can be found here: https://bitbucket.org/caxtus
Calculating X-ray Tube Spectra

Calculating X-ray Tube Spectra

Gavin Poludniowski; Artur Omar; Pedro Andreo

TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD
2024
nidottu
Calculating x-ray tube spectra provides a comprehensive review of the modelling of x-ray tube emissions, with a focus on medical imaging and radiotherapy applications. It begins by covering the relevant background, before discussing modelling approaches, including both analytical formulations and Monte Carlo simulation. Historical context is provided, based on the past century of literature, as well as a summary of recent developments and insights. The book finishes with example applications for spectrum models, including beam quality prediction and the calculation of dosimetric and image-quality metrics.This book will be a valuable resource for postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students studying medical radiation physics, in addition to those in teaching, research, industry and healthcare settings whose work involves x-ray tubes.Key Features:Covers simple modelling approaches as well as full Monte Carlo simulation of x-ray tubes.Bremsstrahlung and characteristic contributions to the spectrum are discussed in detail.Learning is supported by free open-source software and an online repository of code.An online repository of the code that accompanies this book can be found here: https://bitbucket.org/caxtus
Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources

Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources

Rolf Behling

CRC Press
2021
sidottu
Now fully updated, the second edition of Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources: Technology, Manufacturing, Reliability gives an up-to-date summary of X-ray source technology and design for applications in modern diagnostic medical imaging. It lays a sound groundwork for education and advanced training in the physics of X-ray production, X-ray interactions with matter, and imaging modalities and assesses their prospects. The book begins with a comprehensive and easy-to-read historical overview of X-ray tube and generator development, including key achievements leading up to the current technological and economic state of the field.The book covers the physics of X-ray generation, including the process of constructing X-ray source devices. The stand-alone chapters can be read in order or in selections. They take you inside diagnostic X-ray tubes, illustrating their design, functions, metrics for validation, and interfaces. The detailed descriptions enable objective comparison and benchmarking.This detailed presentation of X-ray tube creation and functions enables you to understand how to optimize tube efficiency, particularly with consideration for economics and environmental care. It also simplifies faultfinding. Along with covering the past and current state of the field, the book assesses the future regarding developing new X-ray sources that can enhance performance and yield greater benefits to the scientific community and to the public.After heading international R&D, marketing and advanced development for X-ray sources with Philips, and working in the X-ray industry for more than four decades, Rolf Behling retired in 2020 and is now the owner of the consulting firm XtraininX, Germany. He holds numerous patents and is continuously publishing, consulting and training.
Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources

Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources

Rolf Behling

TAYLOR FRANCIS LTD
2023
nidottu
Now fully updated, the second edition of Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources: Technology, Manufacturing, Reliability gives an up-to-date summary of X-ray source technology and design for applications in modern diagnostic medical imaging. It lays a sound groundwork for education and advanced training in the physics of X-ray production, X-ray interactions with matter, and imaging modalities and assesses their prospects. The book begins with a comprehensive and easy-to-read historical overview of X-ray tube and generator development, including key achievements leading up to the current technological and economic state of the field.The book covers the physics of X-ray generation, including the process of constructing X-ray source devices. The stand-alone chapters can be read in order or in selections. They take you inside diagnostic X-ray tubes, illustrating their design, functions, metrics for validation, and interfaces. The detailed descriptions enable objective comparison and benchmarking.This detailed presentation of X-ray tube creation and functions enables you to understand how to optimize tube efficiency, particularly with consideration for economics and environmental care. It also simplifies faultfinding. Along with covering the past and current state of the field, the book assesses the future regarding developing new X-ray sources that can enhance performance and yield greater benefits to the scientific community and to the public.After heading international R&D, marketing and advanced development for X-ray sources with Philips, and working in the X-ray industry for more than four decades, Rolf Behling retired in 2020 and is now the owner of the consulting firm XtraininX, Germany. He holds numerous patents and is continuously publishing, consulting and training.
Introduction to Megavoltage X-Ray Dose Computation Algorithms
Read an exclusive interview with Dr. Jerry Battista here.A critical element of radiation treatment planning for cancer is the accurate prediction and delivery of a tailored radiation dose distribution inside the patient. Megavoltage x-ray beams are aimed at the tumour, while collateral damage to nearby healthy tissue and organs is minimized. The key to optimal treatment therefore lies in adopting a trustworthy three-dimensional (3D) dose computation algorithm, which simulates the passage of both primary and secondary radiation throughout the exposed tissue.Edited by an award-winning university educator and pioneer in the field of voxel-based radiation dose computation, this book explores the physics and mathematics that underlie algorithms encountered in contemporary radiation oncology. It is an invaluable reference for clinical physicists who commission, develop, or test treatment planning software. This book also covers a core topic in the syllabus for educating graduate students and residents entering the field of clinical physics. This book starts with a historical perspective gradually building up to the three most important algorithms used for today’s clinical applications. These algorithms can solve the same general radiation transport problem from three vantages: firstly, applying convolution-superposition principles (i.e. Green’s method); secondly, the stochastic simulation of radiation particle interactions with tissue atoms (i.e. the Monte Carlo method); and thirdly, the deterministic solution of the fundamental equations for radiation fields of x-rays and their secondary particles (i.e. the Boltzmann method). It contains clear, original illustrations of key concepts and quantities thoughout, supplemented by metaphors and analogies to facilitate comprehension and retention of knowledge.Features:Edited by an authority in the field, enhanced with chapter contributions from physicists with clinical experience in the fields of computational dosimetry and dose optimizationContains examples of test phantom results and clinical cases, illustrating pitfalls to avoid in clinical applications to radiation oncologyIntroduces four-dimensional (4D) dose computation, on-line dose reconstruction, and dose accumulation that accounts for tissue displacements and motion throughout a course of radiation therapy
Principles of Protein X-Ray Crystallography

Principles of Protein X-Ray Crystallography

Jan Drenth

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2006
sidottu
X-ray crystallography is an established method for studying the structure of proteins and other macromolecules. As the importance of proteins grows, researchers in many fields have found that a working knowledge of X-ray diffraction is an indispensable tool. In this new edition of his essential work, the internationally recognized researcher Dr. Jan Drenth offers an up-to-date and technically rigorous introduction to the subject, providing the theoretical background necessary to understand how the structure of proteins is determined at atomic resolution. New material in the 3rd edition includes a section on twinning, an additional chapter on crystal growth and a discussion of single-wavelength anomalous dispersion.
High-Resolution X-Ray Scattering

High-Resolution X-Ray Scattering

Ullrich Pietsch; Vaclav Holy; Tilo Baumbach

Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
2004
sidottu
During the last 20 years interest in high-resolution x-ray diffractometry and reflectivity has grown as a result of the development of the semiconductor industry and the increasing interest in material research of thin layers of magnetic, organic, and other materials. For example, optoelectronics requires a subsequent epitaxy of thin layers of different semiconductor materials. Here, the individuallayer thicknesses are scaled down to a few atomic layers in order to exploit quantum effects. For reasons of electronic and optical confinement, these thin layers are embedded within much thicker cladding layers or stacks of multilayers of slightly different chemical composition. It is evident that the interface quality of those quantum weHs is quite important for the function of devices. Thin metallic layers often show magnetic properties which do not ap­ pear for thick layers or in bulk material. The investigation of the mutual interaction of magnetic and non-magnetic layers leads to the discovery of colossal magnetoresistance, for example. This property is strongly related to the thickness and interface roughness of covered layers.
The Theory of Cosmic Ray Modulation

The Theory of Cosmic Ray Modulation

Du Toit Strauss; Nicolas Eugene Engelbrecht

Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
2026
nidottu
The Theory of Cosmic Ray Modulation concretely lays out the underlying understanding of cosmic ray particle interactions, offering a comprehensive introduction to the underlying theory, observational data and practical applications, which have implications for various fields including high-energy astrophysics, space weather, and cosmogenic isotope studies. The book provides a solid theoretical foundation and explaining the in physical processes involved in cosmic ray modulation. It delves into the mathematical details with meticulous explanations and applies to a topics from the implications of cosmic rays in space-based anti-matter research to their role in studying solar variability over timescales and even planetary habitability. The Theory of Cosmic Ray Modulation not only provides a solid foundation for research but also offers wider perspectives on the impact of cosmic rays on our understanding of the universe. With its strong underlying theory and up-to-date coverage, this book is a must-read for anyone actively working in the field of cosmic rays or on fields influenced by charged particle physics.
Being Sugar Ray

Being Sugar Ray

Kenneth Shropshire

Basic Books
2008
pokkari
A portrait of Sugar Ray Robinson profiles one of the greatest boxers of all time, who found fame out of the ring as a businessman, womanizer, and all-around celebrity. Reprint.