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893 tulosta hakusanalla Norm Leventhal

Irresolvable Norm Conflicts in International Law

Irresolvable Norm Conflicts in International Law

Valentin Jeutner

Oxford University Press
2017
sidottu
Conventionally, international legal scholarship concerned with norm conflicts focuses on identifying how international law can or should resolve them. This book adopts a different approach. It focuses on identifying those norm conflicts that law cannot and should not resolve. The book offers an unprecedented, controversial, yet sophisticated, argument in favour of construing such irresolvable conflicts as legal dilemmas. Legal dilemmas exist when a legal actor confronts a conflict between at least two legal norms that cannot be avoided or resolved. Addressing both academics and practitioners, the book aims to identify the character and consequences of legal dilemmas, to distil their legal function within the sphere of international law, and to encourage serious theoretical and practical investigation into the conditions that lead to a legal dilemma. The first part proposes a definition of legal dilemmas and distinguishes the term from numerous related concepts. Based on this definition, the second part scrutinises international law's contemporary norm conflict resolution and accommodation devices in order to identify their limited ability to resolve certain kinds of norm conflicts. Against the background of the limits identified in the second part, the third part outlines and evaluates the book's proposed method of dealing with legal dilemmas. In contrast to conventional approaches that recommend dealing with irresolvable norm conflicts by means of non liquet declarations, judicial law-making, or a balancing test, the book's proposal envisions that irresolvable norm conflicts are dealt with by judicial and sovereign actors in a complementary fashion. Judicial actors should openly acknowledge irresolvable conflicts and sovereign actors should decide with which norm they will comply. The book concludes with the argument that analysing various aspects of international law through the concept of a legal dilemma enhances its conceptual accuracy, facilitates more legitimate decision-making, and maintains its dynamic responsiveness.
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International Norm Disputes

International Norm Disputes

Lisbeth Zimmermann; Nicole Deitelhoff; Max Lesch; Antonio Arcudi; Anton Peez

Oxford University Press
2023
sidottu
International Norm Disputes: The Link between Contestation and Norm Robustness offers a rich, comparative study of when and why contested international norms decline. It presents central findings on the link between contestation and norm robustness based on four detailed, contemporary case studies - the torture prohibition, the responsibility to protect, the moratorium on commercial whaling, and the duty to prosecute institutionalized in the International Criminal Court. It also includes two historical case studies - privateering and the transatlantic slave trade. This book provides in-depth knowledge on contestation and robustness dynamics of central international norms. Having meticulously collected relevant data and conducted extensive qualitative coding, the authors demonstrate that norms are likely to weaken when challengers contest the validity of a norm's core claims but remain robust when they contest a norm's application and contestation does not become permanent. These important findings, comparatively presented here for the first time, are crucial for understanding the much-discussed problems of the contemporary liberal international order. The insights provided establish how different types of challenges will affect global governance mechanisms and which conditions are most likely to create fundamental change.
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The Norm of Belief

The Norm of Belief

John Gibbons

Oxford University Press
2013
sidottu
John Gibbons presents an original account of epistemic normativity. Belief seems to come with a built-in set of standards or norms. One task is to say where these standards come from. But the more basic task is to say what those standards are. In some sense, beliefs are supposed to be true. Perhaps they're supposed to constitute knowledge. And in some sense, they really ought to be reasonable. Which, if any of these is the fundamental norm of belief? The Norm of Belief argues against the teleological or instrumentalist conception of rationality that sees being reasonable as a means to our more objective aims, either knowledge or truth. And it tries to explain both the norms of knowledge and of truth in terms of the fundamental norm, the one that tells you to be reasonable. But the importance of being reasonable is not explained in terms of what it will get you, or what you think it will get you, or what it would get you if only things were different. The requirement to be reasonable comes from the very idea of what a genuine requirement is. That is where the built-in standards governing belief come from, and that is what they are.
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The Norm Chronicles: Stories and Numbers about Danger and Death

The Norm Chronicles: Stories and Numbers about Danger and Death

Michael Blastland; David Spiegelhalter

BASIC BOOKS
2014
nidottu
Is it safer to fly or take the train? How dangerous is skydiving? And is eating that extra sausage going to kill you? We've all heard the statistics for risky activities, but what do they mean in the real world? In The Norm Chronicles, journalist Michael Blastland and risk expert David Spiegelhalter explore these questions through the stories of average Norm and an ingenious measurement called the MicroMort-a one in a million chance of dying. They reveal why general anesthesia is as dangerous as a parachute jump, giving birth in the US is nearly twice as risky as in the UK, and that the radiation from eating a banana shaves 3 seconds off your life. An entertaining guide to the statistics of personal risk, The Norm Chronicles will enlighten anyone who has ever worried about the dangers we encounter in our daily lives.
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Transforming Norm

Transforming Norm

Tanya Heaney-Voogt

various Australia publishers
2022
pokkari
A mentally healthy workplace recognises that people are at the heart of its productivity and customer interactions and that a positive and safe culture enables organisational success.While this is revolutionary thinking for some, we all have a critical role to play as leaders of change.It's time to eradicate the harmful norms that foster toxic environments and poor leadership practices that contribute to billions of dollars of lost productivity in Australian workplaces every year.Transforming Norm is your guide to creating a mentally healthy workplace, with a culture where everyone can thrive. To do so, the book focuses on: - Promoting psychological safety at all levels - Proactively mitigating work-related factors that contribute to poor mental wellbeing, and- Creating and sustaining a positive workplace culture.These workplaces are not soft and fluffy. There's no lack of challenge, accountability or responsibility. But workplace mental injury claims are on the rise, regulators are sharpening their focus on psychological health and safety, and employees expect - and deserve - better. Tanya Heaney-Voogt is clear that workplaces must be happier, better places to spend our time. Based on her decades of experience in leadership and change, Transforming Norm is full of practical actions and proven strategies that cut through complexity and jargon. A mentally healthy workplace is a business imperative, not an optional extra. So, isn't it time you led the change?
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The Norm Residue Theorem in Motivic Cohomology

The Norm Residue Theorem in Motivic Cohomology

Christian Haesemeyer; Charles A. Weibel

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
2019
sidottu
This book presents the complete proof of the Bloch-Kato conjecture and several related conjectures of Beilinson and Lichtenbaum in algebraic geometry. Brought together here for the first time, these conjectures describe the structure of étale cohomology and its relation to motivic cohomology and Chow groups.Although the proof relies on the work of several people, it is credited primarily to Vladimir Voevodsky. The authors draw on a multitude of published and unpublished sources to explain the large-scale structure of Voevodsky’s proof and introduce the key figures behind its development. They proceed to describe the highly innovative geometric constructions of Markus Rost, including the construction of norm varieties, which play a crucial role in the proof. The book then addresses symmetric powers of motives and motivic cohomology operations.Comprehensive and self-contained, The Norm Residue Theorem in Motivic Cohomology unites various components of the proof that until now were scattered across many sources of varying accessibility, often with differing hypotheses, definitions, and language.
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The Norm Residue Theorem in Motivic Cohomology

The Norm Residue Theorem in Motivic Cohomology

Christian Haesemeyer; Charles A. Weibel

Princeton University Press
2019
pokkari
This book presents the complete proof of the Bloch-Kato conjecture and several related conjectures of Beilinson and Lichtenbaum in algebraic geometry. Brought together here for the first time, these conjectures describe the structure of étale cohomology and its relation to motivic cohomology and Chow groups.Although the proof relies on the work of several people, it is credited primarily to Vladimir Voevodsky. The authors draw on a multitude of published and unpublished sources to explain the large-scale structure of Voevodsky’s proof and introduce the key figures behind its development. They proceed to describe the highly innovative geometric constructions of Markus Rost, including the construction of norm varieties, which play a crucial role in the proof. The book then addresses symmetric powers of motives and motivic cohomology operations.Comprehensive and self-contained, The Norm Residue Theorem in Motivic Cohomology unites various components of the proof that until now were scattered across many sources of varying accessibility, often with differing hypotheses, definitions, and language.
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Triangular Norm-Based Measures and Games with Fuzzy Coalitions

Triangular Norm-Based Measures and Games with Fuzzy Coalitions

D. Butnariu; Erich Peter Klement

Springer
1993
sidottu
This book aims to present, in a unified approach, a series of mathematical results con­ cerning triangular norm-based measures and a class of cooperative games with Juzzy coalitions. Our approach intends to emphasize that triangular norm-based measures are powerful tools in exploring the coalitional behaviour in 'such games. They not and simplify some technical aspects of the already classical axiomatic the­ only unify ory of Aumann-Shapley values, but also provide new perspectives and insights into these results. Moreover, this machinery allows us to obtain, in the game theoretical context, new and heuristically meaningful information, which has a significant impact on balancedness and equilibria analysis in a cooperative environment. From a formal point of view, triangular norm-based measures are valuations on subsets of a unit cube [0, 1]X which preserve dual binary operations induced by trian­ gular norms on the unit interval [0, 1]. Triangular norms (and their dual conorms) are algebraic operations on [0,1] which were suggested by MENGER [1942] and which proved to be useful in the theory of probabilistic metric spaces (see also [WALD 1943]). The idea of a triangular norm-based measure was implicitly used under various names: vector integrals [DVORETZKY, WALD & WOLFOWITZ 1951], prob­ abilities oj Juzzy events [ZADEH 1968], and measures on ideal sets [AUMANN & SHAPLEY 1974, p. 152].
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Developing Norm-Referenced Standardized Tests

Developing Norm-Referenced Standardized Tests

Lucy Jane Miller

Routledge Member of the Taylor and Francis Group
1989
sidottu
Transform your ideas and data into norm-referenced standardized tests with this “how-to” manual. Edited by the author of the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP), a nationally standardized, norm-referenced test, Developing Norm-Referenced Standardized Tests is designed specifically for occupational and physical therapists who have an interest in conducting research, either with established scientists or independently in order to pursue questions of interest. This unique volume leads the reader through the process of test development step-by-step, including identification of a concept that should be subjected to testing, development of appropriate test items, and the procedures for standarizing a norm-referenced test. Not only will professionals learn to develop new tests, but they will also increase their understanding of the process of test development for instruments which are already available.
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The Norm of Morality: A Dissertation

The Norm of Morality: A Dissertation

Vincent Stephen Flynn

Literary Licensing, LLC
2013
sidottu
""The Norm of Morality: A Dissertation"" by Vincent Stephen Flynn is an academic work that explores the concept of morality and its role in human behavior. The book delves into the philosophical and ethical foundations of morality, examining the various theories and perspectives that have been put forward over the centuries.Flynn argues that morality is not simply a set of rules or guidelines, but rather a complex system of norms and values that shape our actions and interactions with others. He explores the idea that morality is not fixed or immutable, but rather evolves over time and varies across cultures and societies.Drawing on a wide range of sources, including philosophy, psychology, and sociology, Flynn provides a comprehensive overview of the norm of morality and its impact on human behavior. He also examines the challenges and limitations of moral norms, and the ways in which they can be manipulated or distorted.Overall, ""The Norm of Morality: A Dissertation"" is a thought-provoking and insightful work that sheds new light on the complex and multifaceted nature of morality. It will be of interest to scholars and students of philosophy, ethics, and social science, as well as anyone interested in understanding the role of morality in human life.This is a new release of the original 1928 edition.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.
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Old Norm

Old Norm

Tim Brown

Resource Publications (CA)
2019
pokkari
The Thompson family cannot avoid Old Norm. He is wealthy, brash, insulting, and occasionally ostentatiously generous. Most people ignore his conduct. The Thompsons cannot. The story winds its way through war, a wedding, a funeral, an out-of-the-way tavern, a small college, and an undiscovered crime. The family's youngest son narrates. As he matures, he watches family members contend with Old Norm's persistent insolence, while he learns that people are connected in ways that are hard to imagine. ""This wonderful story reminds us of how community happens through the curious and mundane intersections of our daily lives and the quirky personalities we encounter. Indeed, even cranky misfits are necessary neighbors for learning the truths of what it means to be human. Tim Brown writes with wit and wisdom."" --Eric Garbison, Kansas City, Missouri ""Old Norm is full of memorable characters living in a small Nebraska town. As their lives unfold, we see how the sometimes-uncomfortable connection between neighbors can be something to celebrate. It is a story that invites reflection. It is a story well told. Highly recommended."" --John Gilfillan, Boulder, Colorado ""Old Norm is a true pleasure to read. Tim Brown has created a compelling narrative that delivers precious insights into what is true and what is important. Family, community, and the ability to adjust to adverse circumstances top the list. An exceptional story skillfully told."" --Allen Spore, Photographer, Walnut Creek, California ""Love thy neighbor. Old Norm teaches us to love even the hard to love. Don't miss the opportunity to be enriched by this gem of a book, which is full of truisms to treasure."" --Lori Triplett, Author, Overland Park, Kansas Tim Brown learned the value of words as an advertising copywriter and creative director. He holds a bachelor's degree in journalism and a master's degree in mass communications. Between degrees he served as an army journalist in South Vietnam. This is his first work of fiction, and reflects his understanding of small-town life and of how tough personalities and strained relationships can become valuable threads in the fabric of a supportive community.
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Old Norm

Old Norm

Tim Brown

Resource Publications (CA)
2019
sidottu
The Thompson family cannot avoid Old Norm. He is wealthy, brash, insulting, and occasionally ostentatiously generous. Most people ignore his conduct. The Thompsons cannot. The story winds its way through war, a wedding, a funeral, an out-of-the-way tavern, a small college, and an undiscovered crime. The family's youngest son narrates. As he matures, he watches family members contend with Old Norm's persistent insolence, while he learns that people are connected in ways that are hard to imagine. ""This wonderful story reminds us of how community happens through the curious and mundane intersections of our daily lives and the quirky personalities we encounter. Indeed, even cranky misfits are necessary neighbors for learning the truths of what it means to be human. Tim Brown writes with wit and wisdom."" --Eric Garbison, Kansas City, Missouri ""Old Norm is full of memorable characters living in a small Nebraska town. As their lives unfold, we see how the sometimes-uncomfortable connection between neighbors can be something to celebrate. It is a story that invites reflection. It is a story well told. Highly recommended."" --John Gilfillan, Boulder, Colorado ""Old Norm is a true pleasure to read. Tim Brown has created a compelling narrative that delivers precious insights into what is true and what is important. Family, community, and the ability to adjust to adverse circumstances top the list. An exceptional story skillfully told."" --Allen Spore, Photographer, Walnut Creek, California ""Love thy neighbor. Old Norm teaches us to love even the hard to love. Don't miss the opportunity to be enriched by this gem of a book, which is full of truisms to treasure."" --Lori Triplett, Author, Overland Park, Kansas Tim Brown learned the value of words as an advertising copywriter and creative director. He holds a bachelor's degree in journalism and a master's degree in mass communications. Between degrees he served as an army journalist in South Vietnam. This is his first work of fiction, and reflects his understanding of small-town life and of how tough personalities and strained relationships can become valuable threads in the fabric of a supportive community.
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Weighted Norm Inequalities for Integral Transforms with Product Kernals

Weighted Norm Inequalities for Integral Transforms with Product Kernals

Vakhtang Kokilashvili; Alexander Meskhi; Lars-Erik Persson

Nova Science Publishers Inc
2010
sidottu
The book may be considered as a systematic and detailed analysis of a wide class of integral transforms with product kernels from the two-weighted boundedness point of view. The considered product kernels cover that case when factors of kernels have essential (less than one) singularities. The book intends to make a breakthrough in two directions: to cover multidimensional potentials, Hilbert transforms, strong maximal functions and at the same time, to present solutions of two-weighted problems for them which are much more complicated than one-weighted ones. In the given monograph two-weighted boundedness criteria for multiple Hardy transforms is reflected in the case when the two-dimensional weight on the right-hand side of an appropriate inequality is a product of two weight functions of single variable. In this case we present simpler and transparent criteria than those of E Sawyer for general weights. Moreover, we prove some new multidimensional Hardy{ type inequalities with general kernels. Weighted integral in-equalities for monotonic functions of several variables are also discussed. The main subjects of this book can be useful for applications both within various areas of the mathematical sciences (e.g. Fourier and Harmonic analysis, Fractional Calculus, BVP of PDE in Mathematical Physics, Stochastic Processes, Error Estimates in Numerical Analysis, etc.) as well as directly in some applied sciences.
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