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1000 tulosta hakusanalla Walid Abdallah

2D/3D MultiAgent GeoSimulation

2D/3D MultiAgent GeoSimulation

Walid Ali

AV Akademikerverlag
2012
pokkari
Revision with unchanged content. In this book, we propose a generic method to develop 2D and 3D multiagent geosimulation of complex behaviors (human behaviors) in geographic environments. Our work aims at solving some problems in the field of computer simulation in general and the field of multiagent simulation. These problems are are: - The absence of methods to develop 2D-3D multiagent simulation of phenomena in geographic environments. - The absence of gathering and analysis techniques that can be used to collect and analyze spatial and non-spatial data to feed the geosimulation models (input data) and to analyze data generated by geosimulations (output data). The main idea of our work is to create a generic method to develop 2D and 3D multiagent geosimulations of phenomena in geographic environments. The main contributions of this book are: - A new method to develop 2D-3D multiagent geosimulations of complex behaviors (human behaviors) in geographic environments. - An illustration of the method using the shopping behavior in a mall as a case study and the Square One mall in Toronto as a case test. - A new survey-based technique to gather spatial and non-spatial data to feed the geosimulation models.
Rigidly Framed Earth Retaining Structures

Rigidly Framed Earth Retaining Structures

Walid Aboumoussa; Magued Iskander

Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH Co. K
2014
sidottu
Structures placed on hillsides often present a number of challenges and a limited number of economical choices for site design. An option sometimes employed is to use the building frame as a retaining element, comprising a Rigidly Framed Earth Retaining Structure (RFERS). The relationship between temperature and earth pressure acting on RFERS, is explored in this monograph through a 4.5 year monitoring program of a heavily instrumented in service structure. The data indicated that the coefficient of earth pressure behind the monitored RFERS had a strong linear correlation with temperature. The study also revealed that thermal cycles, rather than lateral earth pressure, were the cause of failure in many structural elements.The book demonstrates that depending on the relative stiffness of the retained soil mass and that of the structural frame, the developed lateral earth pressure, during thermal expansion, can reach magnitudes several times larger than those determined using classical earth pressure theories. Additionally, a nearly perpetual lateral displacement away from the retained soil mass may occur at the free end of the RFERS leading to unacceptable serviceability problems. These results suggest that reinforced concrete structures designed for the flexural stresses imposed by the backfill soil will be inadequately reinforced to resist stresses produced during the expansion cycles.Parametric studies of single and multi-story RFERS with varying geometries and properties are also presented to investigate the effects of structural stiffness on the displacement of RFERS and the lateral earth pressure developed in the soil mass. These studies can aid the reader in selecting appropriate values of lateral earth pressure for the design of RFERS. Finally, simplified closed form equations that can be used to predict the lateral drift of RFERS are presented.KEY WORDS: Earth Pressure; Soil-Structure Interaction; Mechanics; Failure;Distress; Temperature; Thermal Effects; Concrete; Coefficient of Thermal Expansion; Segmental Bridges; Jointless Bridges; Integral Bridges; Geotechnical Instrumentation; Finite Element Modeling; FEM; Numerical Modeling.