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1000 tulosta hakusanalla John R. Fitzpatrick

How Can the Human Mind Occur in the Physical Universe?

How Can the Human Mind Occur in the Physical Universe?

John R. Anderson

Oxford University Press Inc
2009
nidottu
'The question for me is how can the human mind occur in the physical universe. We now know that the world is governed by physics. We now understand the way biology nestles comfortably within that. The issue is how will the mind do that as well.' --Alan Newell, December 4, 1991, Carnegie Mellon University The argument John Anderson gives in this book was inspired by the passage above, from the last lecture by one of the pioneers of cognitive science. Newell describes what, for him, is the pivotal question of scientific inquiry, and Anderson gives an answer that is emerging from the study of brain and behavior. Humans share the same basic cognitive architecture with all primates, but they have evolved abilities to exercise abstract control over cognition and process more complex relational patterns. The human cognitive architecture consists of a set of largely independent modules associated with different brain regions. In this book, Anderson discusses in detail how these various modules can combine to produce behaviors as varied as driving a car and solving an algebraic equation, but focuses principally on two of the modules: the declarative and procedural. The declarative module involves a memory system that, moment by moment, attempts to give each person the most appropriate possible window into his or her past. The procedural module involves a central system that strives to develop a set of productions that will enable the most adaptive response from any state of the modules. Newell argued that the answer to his question must take the form of a cognitive architecture, and Anderson organizes his answer around the ACT-R architecture, but broadens it by bringing in research from all areas of cognitive science, including how recent work in brain imaging maps onto the cogntive architecture.
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Reporting the Media

Reporting the Media

John R. Bender; Lucinda D. Davenport; Michael W. Drager; Fred Fedler

Oxford University Press Inc
2009
nidottu
Now in its international ninth edition, Reporting for the Media continues to be an essential resource for journalism students and instructors. A comprehensive introduction to newswriting and reporting, this classic text offers a straightforward guide to crafting effective journalism. Moreover, it grounds students firmly in the basics of reporting--how to become more curious about the world, generate provocative ideas, gather vital information and write incisive stories. The authors provide students with the skills they need to produce engaging journalism by focusing on such central topics as grammar basics, newswriting style, traditional story structures and styles, interviewing techniques, reporting on speeches and meetings and common ethical dilemmas. The text also explores a variety of advanced topics including broadcast writing, law, ethics and public relations. In every chapter, students encounter vital tools for the creation of versatile journalism; these tools enable them to apply their knowledge to any type of journalism in any medium. The international ninth edition features a new introductory chapter, "Journalism Today," which discusses recent developments in the field, from technology and newsroom convergence to the proliferation of blogs. In addition, all chapters and examples have been updated throughout. The text's lively end-of-chapter exercises have also been updated and continue to encourage students to "learn by doing" through the practical application of skills. An updated list of Common Writing Errors is now featured on the inside back cover; along with a condensed version of the AP stylebook, this resource offers helpful grammar and style assistance to students as they interact with the material. As in previous editions, the book also integrates advice from professional journalists, discussion questions, suggested projects, four useful appendices and end-of-chapter checklists. The leading text for newswriting and reporting courses, Reporting for the Media, International Ninth Edition, offers outstanding and unparalleled training for dynamic journalists.
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The Securitarian Personality

The Securitarian Personality

John R. Hibbing

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS INC
2023
nidottu
A unique analysis that looks at the true motivation of Trump supporters. The Authoritarian Personality, which was published by Theordor Adorno and a set of colleagues in the 1950s, was the first broad-based empirical attempt to explain why certain individuals are attracted to the authoritarian, even fascist, leaders that dominated the political scene in the 1930s and 1940s. Today, the concept has been applied to leaders ranging from Trump to Viktor Orban to Rodrigo Duterte. But is it really accurate to label Trump supporters as authoritarians? In The Securitarian Personality, John R. Hibbing argues that an intense desire for authority is not central to those constituting Trump's base. Drawing from participant observation, focus groups, and especially an original, nationwide survey of the American public that included over 1,000 ardent Trump supporters, Hibbing demonstrates that what Trump's base really craves is actually a specific form of security. Trump supporters do not strive for security in the face of all threats, such as climate change, Covid-19, and economic inequality, but rather only from those threats they perceive to be emanating from human outsiders, defined broadly to include welfare cheats, unpatriotic athletes, norm violators, non-English speakers, religious and racial minorities, and certainly people from other countries. The central objective of these "securitarians" is to strive for protection for themselves, their families, and their dominant cultural group from these embodied outsider threats. A radical reinterpretation of the support for Trumpism, The Securitarian Personality not only provides insight into a political movement that many find baffling and frustrating, but offers a compelling thesis that all observers of American political behavior will have to contend with, even if they disagree with it.
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Landscapes and Cities

Landscapes and Cities

John R. Patterson

Oxford University Press
2006
sidottu
The first two centuries AD are conventionally thought of as the 'golden age' of the Roman Empire, yet Italy in this period has often been seen as being in a state of decline and even crisis. This book investigates the relationships between city and countryside in Italy in the early Empire, using evidence from literary texts and inscriptions, and the wealth of data derived from archaeological field surveys over recent years. Looking at individual towns and regions as well as at the broader picture, and stressing the diversity of situations across Italy, John R. Patterson examines how changing patterns of building and benefaction in the cities were related to developments in the country, and underlines the resourcefulness of the cities, both large and small, in seeking to maintain and develop their civic traditions.
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Pagan City and Christian Capital

Pagan City and Christian Capital

John R Curran

Clarendon Press
2000
sidottu
The critical century between the arrival of Constantine and the advance of Alaric in the early fifth century witnessed dramatic changes in the city of Rome. In this book Dr Curran has broken away from the usual notions of religious conflict between Christians and pagans, to focus on a number of approaches to the Christianization of Rome. He surveys the laws and political considerations which governed the building policy of Constantine and his successors, the effect of papal building and commemorative constructions on Roman topography, the continuing ambivalence of the Roman festal calendar, and the conflict between Christians over asceticism and 'real' Christianity. Thus using analytical, literary, and legal evidence Dr Curran explains the way in which the landscape, civic life, and moral values of Rome were transformed by complex and sometimes paradoxical forces, laying the foundation for the capital of medieval Christendom. Through a study of Rome as a city Dr Curran explores the rise of Christianity and the decline of paganism in the later Roman empire.
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Possessives in English

Possessives in English

John R. Taylor

Clarendon Press
1996
sidottu
This book is about a single morpheme - the possessive morpheme - in English. Often realized as 's, it occurs in a variety of constructions (the man's hat, a friend of mine, without my saying so, a girls' school). What does the morpheme actually mean? What category does it belong to? What is its contribution to the meaning of the expression in which it occurs? And how can we account for the various restrictions on its use? Dr Taylor proposes a unitary account of the morpheme, within the theoretical framework of Cognitive Grammar. In the earlier chapters he introduces and explains the conceptual apparatus of the theory, and in the later chapters he develops a coherent account of the full range of possessive constructions. A special feature of this book is that it also provides a wide-ranging critique of alternative, and especially Government and Binding accounts of possessive expression, highlighting the profound conceptual differences between the contrasting approaches as well as some of the points of convergence.
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Zoroastrians in Britain

Zoroastrians in Britain

John R. Hinnells

Clarendon Press
1996
sidottu
Zoroastrianism is the religion of ancient Iran, dating back over a thousand years before the time of Christ. It is also the religion of Britain's oldest South Asian minority, with a history going back to 1724, From the contribution to the Zoroastrian MPs Naoroji and Bhownagree in the nineteenth century to the transmission of their heritage and concerns in the 1990s, this is the first complete study of the community. With the largest Zoroastrian population outside the `old countries' living in London, the British community has played an important part in the modern history of Zoroastrianism. They furnish a unique opportunity to trace the history and experience of an Asian community in the West for well over a hundred years, with a wide variety of members from rural and urban India, Pakistan, East Africa, as well as the original homeland, Iran, and a substantial proportion of Zoroastrians who are British-born. The book is based on an extensive study of archival sources, a large survey questionnaire, a programme of structured interviews, and over twenty years of the author's personal contact with the community. The book includes discussion of many important contemporary issues, such as racial prejudice, gender issues, generational differences, attitudes towards British society and to the `old country'--and argues that religion is an increasingly important concern among British South Asian minorities.
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The Zoroastrian Diaspora

The Zoroastrian Diaspora

John R. Hinnells

Oxford University Press
2005
sidottu
What is the distinctive Zoroastrian experience, and what is the common diasporic experience? The Zoroastrian Diaspora is the outcome of twenty years of research and of archival and fieldwork in eleven countries, involving approximately 250,000 miles of travel. It has also involved a survey questionnaire in eight countries, yielding over 1,840 responses. This is the first book to attempt a global comparison of Diaspora groups in six continents. Little has been written about Zoroastrian communities as far apart as China, East Africa, Europe, America, and Australia or on Parsis in Mumbai post-Independence. Each chapter is based on unused original sources ranging from nineteenth century archives to contemporary newsletters. The book also includes studies of Zoroastrians on the Internet, audio-visual resources, and the modern development of Parsi novels in English. As well as studying the Zoroastrians for their own inherent importance, this book contextualizes the Zoroastrian migrations within contemporary debates on Diaspora studies. John R. Hinnells examines what it is like to be a religious Asian in Los Angeles or London, Sydney or Hong Kong. Moreover, he explores not only how experience differs from one country to another, but also the differences between cities in the same country, for example, Chicago and Houston. The survey data is used firstly to consider the distinguishing demographic features of the Zoroastrian communities in various countries; and secondly to analyse different patterns of assimilation between different groups: men and women and according to the level and type of education. Comparisons are also drawn between people from rural and urban backgrounds; and between generations in religious beliefs and practices, including the preservation of secular culture.
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Possessives in English

Possessives in English

John R. Taylor

Oxford University Press
2001
nidottu
The possessive morpheme in English occurs in a variety of constructions - prenominal possessives (the man's hat, the plane's arrival), postnominal possessives (a friend of mine), -ing nominalizations (without my saying so), and possessive compounds (a girls' school). What does this morpheme actually mean, what is its syntactic category, what is its semantic contribution to the expressions in which it occurs, and how can various restrictions on its use be accounted for? Dr Taylor proposes a unitary account of the possessive morpheme. He takes as his theoretical framework Cognitive Grammar, as developed over the past 15 years by Ronald Langacker and others. In the earlier chapters of the book he introduces and motivates the conceptual apparatus of the theory, and in later chapters he develops a coherent account of the full range of possessive constructions in English. A special feature of the book is that it offers a wide-ranging critique of both traditional and more recent accounts of possessive expressions. Focusing particularly on Government and Binding theory, the author highlights the profound conceptual differences underlying the two theoretical approaches represented by GB and Cognitive Grammar, while also observing some points of convergence between them.
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Non-Aqueous Solvents

Non-Aqueous Solvents

John R. Chipperfield

Oxford University Press
1999
nidottu
Solvents other than water are used in chemical analysis, chemical manufacturing, and in specialist syntheses. This book covers the principles and uses of non-aqueous solvents at a level suitable for first or second-year undergraduates. The book first discusses the general properties of solvents, and introduces the necessary concepts for making rational choices of solvents for different applications. There is a discussion of the various chemical interactions between solvents and the substances dissolved in them, and how solvents change the course of reactions. The chemistry of 16 common solvents is discussed, emphasising the advantages and disadvantages of each. The book concludes with an account of the chemistry of molten salts and discusses the use of low melting temperature compounds as synthetic media. The book expands on the brief treatment of non-aqueous solvents given in many textbooks, but avoids the complexities introduced in research treatises. There is no such book currently available to help students.
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Geometry Ancient and Modern

Geometry Ancient and Modern

John R. Silvester

Oxford University Press
2001
sidottu
This book is a guided tour of geometry, from Euclid through to algebraic geometry. It shows how mathematicians use a variety of techniques to tackle problems, and it links geometry to other branches of mathematic.s It is a teaching text, with a large number of exercises woven into the exposition. Topics covered: ruler and compasses constructions, transformations, triangle and circle theorems, classification of isometries and groups of isometries in dimensions 2 and 3, Platonic solids, conics, similarities, affine, projective and Mobius transformations, non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry, the beginnings of algebraic geometry.
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Geometry Ancient and Modern

Geometry Ancient and Modern

John R. Silvester

Oxford University Press
2001
nidottu
This book is a guided tour of geometry, from Euclid through to algebraic geometry. It shows how mathematicians use a variety of techniques to tackle problems, and it links geometry to other branches of mathematics. It is a teaching text, with a large number of exercises woven into the exposition. Topics covered: ruler and compass r s1tructions, transformations, triangle and circle theorems, classification of isometries and groups of isometries in dimensions 2 and 3, Platonic solids, conics, similarities, affine, projective and Mobius transformations, non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry, the beginnings of algebraic geometry.
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Autoradiography

Autoradiography

John R.J. Baker

Oxford University Press Inc
2003
nidottu
Autoradiography is the localization within a solid specimen of a radiolabel by placing the specimen against a layer of detector material. Many types of specimen can be studied, from whole organisms to ultra-this cryosections. Indeed, rather than being a single technique, autoradiography is a collection of methods with certain features in common. Between them, these techniques can supply information at the macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural levels, and their use is important to biological scientists in a variety of research areas. In this handbook, the author provides a comprehensive overview of the major techniques of autoradiography. With the aid of numerous illustrations, the various methods are clearly described, and the information which they can provide is discussed. Suggestions for further reading are provided at the end of most chapters. The student involved in biological or biomedical research will find this an invaluable introduction to the theory and techniques of autoradiography, and a clear guide to choosing the correct approach for his or her particular application.It will also be of interest to more experienced researchers, who are already familiar with one particular method, and wish to broaden their approach to another level.
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Cognitive Grammar

Cognitive Grammar

John R. Taylor

Oxford University Press
2002
nidottu
'Cognitive Grammar' is a theory of language which has been developing since the late 1970's. Underlying the theory is the assumption that language is inherently symbolic in nature and that a language provides its speakers with a set of resources for relating phonological structures with semantic structures. John R. Taylor introduces the theory of Cognitive Grammar, placing it in the context of current theoretical debates about the nature of linguistic knowledge, and relating it to more general trends in 'cognitive' linguistics. The central concepts of the theory are explained in clear, non-technical language, and are applied to in-depth discussions of a range of topics in semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Suggestions for further applications of the theory are contained in the numerous study questions which accompany each of the main chapters.
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Cognitive Assessment for Clinicians

Cognitive Assessment for Clinicians

John R. Hodges

Oxford University Press
2017
nidottu
The third edition of the best-selling Cognitive Assessment for Clinicians provides readers with an up-to-date, practical guide to cognitive function and its assessment to ensure readers have a conceptual knowledge of normal psychological function and how to interpret their findings. Organized into 8 chapters, this resource offers a framework in which various aspects of cognition are considered. This includes the representation of cognition in the brain (such as attention and memory), focal representation (such as language, praxis and spatial abilities), detailed descriptions of the major syndromes encountered in clinical practice, and discussions on taking a patient's history and performing cognitive testing. To ensure readers are aware of the latest developments in patient assessment and neuropsychological practice all content has been carefully revised by John R. Hodges to include essential updates on areas such as the pathology and genetics of frontotemporal dementia, and social cognition and major syndromes encountered in clinical practice such as delirium. This useful resource offers a theoretical basis for cognitive assessment at the bedside or in the clinic, and a practical guide to taking an appropriate history and examining patients presenting with cognitive disorders. This edition also includes the latest version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III), and 16 case histories on a variety of cognitive disorders illustrating the method of assessment and how to use the ACE-III in clinical practice. In addition, the appendix outlines the range of formal tests commonly used in neuropsychological practice.
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Measuring Metabolic Rates

Measuring Metabolic Rates

John R. B. Lighton

Oxford University Press
2018
sidottu
The measurement of metabolic rates is central to important questions in many areas of physiological research. Unfortunately these measurements are anything but straightforward, with numerous pitfalls awaiting both the novice and even the experienced investigator. The original edition of this work, published in 2008, quickly became the principle "how to" manual for the field. It successfully de-mystified the topic, explaining every common variation of metabolic rate measurement. Background information on different analyzer and equipment types allowed users to choose the best instruments for their application. Respirometry equations, normally a topic of terror and confusion to researchers, were derived and described in sufficient detail to facilitate their selection and use. In this new edition, the content has been thoroughly updated and a decade of new literature incorporated. New chapters on room calorimetry, human metabolic measurement, and metabolic phenotyping have also been added.
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Future War and the Defence of Europe

Future War and the Defence of Europe

John R. Allen; Frederick Ben Hodges; Julian Lindley-French

Oxford University Press
2021
sidottu
Future War and the Defence of Europe offers a major new analysis of how peace and security can be maintained in Europe: a continent that has suffered two cataclysmic conflicts since 1914. Taking as its starting point the COVID-19 pandemic and way it will inevitably accelerate some key global dynamics already in play, the book goes on to weave history, strategy, policy, and technology into a compelling analytical narrative. It lays out in forensic detail the scale of the challenge Europeans and their allies face if Europe's peace is to be upheld in a transformative century. The book upends foundational assumptions about how Europe's defence is organised, the role of a fast-changing transatlantic relationship, NATO, the EU, and their constituent nation-states. At the heart of the book is a radical vision of a technology-enabling future European defence, built around a new kind of Atlantic Alliance, an innovative strategic public-private partnership, and the future hyper-electronic European force, E-Force, it must spawn. Europeans should be under no illusion: unless they do far more for their own defence, and very differently, all that they now take for granted could be lost in the maze of hybrid war, cyber war, and hyper war they must face.
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Measuring Metabolic Rates

Measuring Metabolic Rates

John R. B. Lighton

Oxford University Press
2021
nidottu
The measurement of metabolic rates is central to important questions in many areas of physiological research. Unfortunately these measurements are anything but straightforward, with numerous pitfalls awaiting both the novice and even the experienced investigator. The original edition of this work, published in 2008, quickly became the principle "how to" manual for the field. It successfully de-mystified the topic, explaining every common variation of metabolic rate measurement. Background information on different analyzer and equipment types allowed users to choose the best instruments for their application. Respirometry equations, normally a topic of terror and confusion to researchers, were derived and described in sufficient detail to facilitate their selection and use. In this new edition, the content has been thoroughly updated and a decade of new literature incorporated. New chapters on room calorimetry, human metabolic measurement, and metabolic phenotyping have also been added. Measuring Metabolic Rates is aimed at experimental biologists, physiologists, and any professional scientist involved with metabolic measurement. This practical handbook will also be of relevance and use to graduate students.
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Precision and Accuracy in Biological Crystallography, Diffraction, Scattering, Microscopies, and Spectroscopies

Precision and Accuracy in Biological Crystallography, Diffraction, Scattering, Microscopies, and Spectroscopies

John R. Helliwell

Oxford University Press
2025
sidottu
Newcomers to the field of structural biology, which aims to understand life at the molecular level, see a vast number of existing results and are faced with a diverse range of experimental methods. These are used singly or in various combinations, however the uncertainties of the results found are unfortunately not fully assessed. Beginning with the basic physics of describing systematic and random errors, this book aims to explore these uncertainties, by examining the accuracy of each experimental method used to determine a 3D biological macromolecule structure and its dynamics, and their various possible combinations. The book also discusses the uncertainties in our determination of atomic positions in our static structures, and our analysis of the living cell. Aimed at graduate students from a wide range of science disciplines including physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics, this book provides an overview of the topic of precision and accuracy in biological crystallography, diffraction, scattering, microscopies, and spectroscopies.
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Democracy and Public Space

Democracy and Public Space

John R. Parkinson

Oxford University Press
2012
sidottu
In an online, interconnected world, democracy is increasingly made up of wikis and blogs, pokes and tweets. Citizens have become accidental journalists thanks to their handheld devices, politicians are increasingly working online, and the traditional sites of democracy - assemblies, public galleries, and plazas - are becoming less and less relevant with every new technology. And yet, this book argues, such views are leading us to confuse the medium with the message, focusing on electronic transmission when often what cyber citizens transmit is pictures and narratives of real democratic action in physical space. Democratic citizens are embodied, take up space, battle over access to physical resources, and perform democracy on physical stages at least as much as they engage with ideas in virtual space. Combining conceptual analysis with interviews and observation in capital cities on every continent, John Parkinson argues that democracy requires physical public space; that some kinds of space are better for performing some democratic roles than others; and that some of the most valuable kinds of space are under attack in developed democracies. He argues that accidental publics like shoppers and lunchtime crowds are increasingly valued over purposive, active publics, over citizens with a point to make or an argument to listen to. This can be seen not just in the way that traditional protest is regulated, but in the ways that ordinary city streets and parks are managed, even in the design of such quintessentially democratic spaces as legislative assemblies. The book offers an alternative vision for democratic public space, and evaluates 11 cities - from London to Tokyo - against that ideal.
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