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Comparative Analysis: Regulations of Foreign Aid in Selected Countries

Comparative Analysis: Regulations of Foreign Aid in Selected Countries

Law Library of Congress

Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
2014
nidottu
This book provides an overview of the way the European Union and eighteen selected countries from different continents around the world have handled their contributions to foreign development aid. Countries selected include members as well as nonmembers of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) including countries with established and emerging economies. The collection is composed of individual country and European Union studies prepared by the research staff of the Global Legal Research Center of the Law Library of Congress during 2011 and early 2012. Each book provides information that was available at the time of its completion. Appendix A includes GIS maps that depict various aspects of the survey;1 Appendix B, a compilation of official development assistance (ODA) data in table format, reflects percentage change in ODA between 2003 and 2010. Although the United States was not surveyed, some US data is reflected in the maps for comparison purposes only.The book provide historical and background information on international cooperation agreements regarding ODA and statistical data regarding both ODA and private contribution figures. The books further highlight priorities utilized by donor countries in selecting recipients and in determining the types of development assistance they provide. The book includes information on foreign agencies that are responsible for ODA planning and implementation, and discuss foreign countries' appropriations processes for allocation of their ODA budgets. The books list restrictions imposed under foreign countries' laws on the provision of ODA as well as on private contributions. In addition to ODA and private donations, the books discuss the contributions of foreign countries to development assistance by additional means, for example by providing scholarships to foreign students, instituting guest worker programs, facilitating remittances, and providing emergency aid. Foreign countries' experience may be relevant to the current discussion regarding foreign aid development appropriations in the United States.2 The recent global economic downturn seems to have reignited a debate in the United States and other countries over the role, extent, and impact of foreign aid on foreign policy.3 Facing budgetary cuts in domestic programs, as well as other austerity measures to revamp the economy, some have called for a reevaluation of donor countries' undertakings to provide international assistance and in particular for a reevaluation of the aid's effectiveness.
Right to Peaceful Assembly: European Court of Human Rights

Right to Peaceful Assembly: European Court of Human Rights

Law Library of Congress

Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
2016
nidottu
Freedom of peaceful assembly is a recognized right under international human rights law. This report provides a comparative review of one aspect of this right: whether advance notification or authorization is required for an assembly to take place under the law of France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The report also reviews the relevant case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms protects the right to peacefully assemble, but that right is not absolute; state authorities are given "a margin of appreciation" and may impose certain restrictions on the exercise of this right, provided that such limitations are (a) prescribed by law; (b) necessary in a democratic society; and (c) in the interests of national security or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. Similarly, in the United States, restrictions related to time, manner, and place imposed by government authorities can be justified as long as they are content-neutral, narrowly tailored to serve significant government interests, and leave other lines of communication open.
Terrorism: Section by Section Analysis of the USA PATRIOT Act

Terrorism: Section by Section Analysis of the USA PATRIOT Act

The Library of Congress

Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
2016
nidottu
The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act, Public Law 107-56, is part of the Congressional response to September 11. It is the merger of two similar bills. S.1510 passed the Senate on October 11, 147 Cong.Rec. S10604, and H.R.2975 passed the House on October 12 after substituting the language of H.R.3108 for its text, 147 Cong.Rec. H6775. Having informally resolving their differences, the House enacted the measure in final form on October 24, 147 Cong.Rec. H7282, and the Senate on October 25, 147 Cong.Rec. S11059.The report of the House Committee on the judiciary, H.Rept. 107-236 on H.R.2975, and the report of the House Committee on Financial Services, H.Rept. 107-250 on H.R. 3004, each explain some of the issues ultimately resolved in the Act. This is a section by section analysis of the Act as enacted. The analysis borrows the explanations of the House Committee of the Judiciary, in a number of those instances where the language of the Committee bill and the language of the Act are identical.
Regulation of Bitcoin in Selected Jurisdictions

Regulation of Bitcoin in Selected Jurisdictions

The Law Library of Congress

Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
2014
nidottu
This report surveys forty foreign jurisdictions and the European Union, reporting on any regulations or statements from central banks or government offices on the handling of bitcoins as well as any significant use of bitcoins in business transactions.1 Topics covered include whether bitcoins are recognized as legal tender, the possibility of negative impacts on the national currency, concerns about fraud, and how transactions using the Bitcoin system are viewed by tax authorities.Of those countries surveyed, only a very few, notably China and Brazil, have specific regulations applicable to bitcoin use. There is widespread concern about the Bitcoin system's possible impact on national currencies, its potential for criminal misuse, and the implications of its use for taxation. Overall, the findings of this report reveal that the debate over how to deal with this new virtual currency is still in its infancy.
Copyright Law Of The United States Of America And Related Laws Contained In Title 17 Of The United States Code, Circular 92
Copyright law of the United States of America and related laws contained in Title 17 of the United States Code, Circular 92 serves as a comprehensive legal reference outlining the structure, principles, and scope of American copyright legislation. The book systematically presents the statutes governing the creation, ownership, duration, and protection of intellectual works, reflecting the nation's legal commitment to safeguarding creative expression. Organized under Title 17, it draws from the constitutional foundation of Article I, Section 8, which empowers Congress to promote progress in science and the arts. The text is divided into clearly defined sections addressing various forms of intellectual property, including literary, musical, and audio visual works, along with sound recordings and digital media. It provides detailed explanations of copyright limitations, registration procedures, and exceptions such as fair use and public domain provisions. Designed for clarity and precision, the work functions as both a legal manual and an educational guide, offering essential reference material for scholars, lawmakers, and practitioners seeking to understand the evolution and enforcement of copyright law in the United States.
A Statement of the Case of Brigadier-General Joseph W. Revere

A Statement of the Case of Brigadier-General Joseph W. Revere

Joseph Warren Revere; Library of Congress Pamphlet Collection

Hansebooks
2019
pokkari
A Statement of the Case of Brigadier-General Joseph W. Revere - tried by court-marital, and dismissed from the service of the United States, August 10th, 1863. With a map, a copy of the record of the trial, and an appendix is an unchanged, high-quality reprint of the original edition of 1863. Hansebooks is editor of the literature on different topic areas such as research and science, travel and expeditions, cooking and nutrition, medicine, and other genres. As a publisher we focus on the preservation of historical literature. Many works of historical writers and scientists are available today as antiques only. Hansebooks newly publishes these books and contributes to the preservation of literature which has become rare and historical knowledge for the future.
Regulation of Drones

Regulation of Drones

Global Legal Research Center; The Law Library Of Congress (Us)

Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
2017
nidottu
The increased use of drones for civilian applications has presented many countries withregulatory challenges. Such challenges include the need to ensure that drones are operatedsafely, without harming public and national security, and in a way that would protect areas ofnational, historical, or natural importance. A variety of the countries surveyed in this report havealso made efforts to address concerns regarding the property and privacy rights of landowners orother persons impacted by the operation of drones.International standards to regulate certain aspects of drone operations are currently beingconsidered by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). In 2011 the ICAO issued acircular titled Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) (CIR328). Serving as a first look at the subject, the circular calls on states to provide comments, "particularly with respect to its application andusefulness," in an effort to proceed with the development of "the fundamental internationalregulatory framework through Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs), with supportingProcedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS) and guidance material, to underpin routineoperation of UAS throughout the world in a safe, harmonized and seamless manner comparableto that of manned operations." 1Efforts to harmonize rules of drone operations are currently being undertaken by the EuropeanCommission, which has introduced a proposal to integrate all drones, regardless of their size, into the EU aviation safety framework.While some individual countries have adopted legislation or implemented temporary provisionson the operation of drones, various regulatory and legislative proposals are currentlybeing considered.This report surveys the regulation of drone operations under the laws of twelve countries as wellas the European Union. Countries surveyed use different terminology in regulating drones.Such terms include "unmanned aircraft systems" (UAS); "unmanned aerial or air] vehicles"(UAVs), and "remotely piloted aircraft" (RPA). For the purpose of uniformity and to reflect theterminology used by the ICAO, this summary refers to drones as UAS, to include all types ofunmanned systems, vehicles, and aircraft, excluding model aircraft used for hobby orrecreational purpose
An Oration Commemorative of President Abraham Lincoln

An Oration Commemorative of President Abraham Lincoln

Richard Salter Storrs; Library of Congress Pamphlet Collection

Hansebooks
2020
pokkari
An Oration Commemorative of President Abraham Lincoln - Delivered at Brooklyn, N.Y., June 1, 1865 is an unchanged, high-quality reprint of the original edition of 1865. Hansebooks is editor of the literature on different topic areas such as research and science, travel and expeditions, cooking and nutrition, medicine, and other genres. As a publisher we focus on the preservation of historical literature. Many works of historical writers and scientists are available today as antiques only. Hansebooks newly publishes these books and contributes to the preservation of literature which has become rare and historical knowledge for the future.