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1000 tulosta hakusanalla Petr Levin

Metamathematics of First-Order Arithmetic

Metamathematics of First-Order Arithmetic

Petr Hájek; Pavel Pudlák

Cambridge University Press
2017
sidottu
Since their inception, the Perspectives in Logic and Lecture Notes in Logic series have published seminal works by leading logicians. Many of the original books in the series have been unavailable for years, but they are now in print once again. This volume, the third publication in the Perspectives in Logic series, is a much-needed monograph on the metamathematics of first-order arithmetic. The authors pay particular attention to subsystems (fragments) of Peano arithmetic and give the reader a deeper understanding of the role of the axiom schema of induction and of the phenomenon of incompleteness. The reader is only assumed to know the basics of mathematical logic, which are reviewed in the preliminaries. Part I develops parts of mathematics and logic in various fragments. Part II is devoted to incompleteness. Finally, Part III studies systems that have the induction schema restricted to bounded formulas (bounded arithmetic).
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Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data using CANOCO 5

Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data using CANOCO 5

Petr Šmilauer; Jan Lepš

Cambridge University Press
2014
pokkari
This revised and updated edition focuses on constrained ordination (RDA, CCA), variation partitioning and the use of permutation tests of statistical hypotheses about multivariate data. Both classification and modern regression methods (GLM, GAM, loess) are reviewed and species functional traits and spatial structures analysed. Nine case studies of varying difficulty help to illustrate the suggested analytical methods, using the latest version of Canoco 5. All studies utilise descriptive and manipulative approaches, and are supported by data sets and project files available from the book website: http://regent.prf.jcu.cz/maed2/. Written primarily for community ecologists needing to analyse data resulting from field observations and experiments, this book is a valuable resource to students and researchers dealing with both simple and complex ecological problems, such as the variation of biotic communities with environmental conditions or their response to experimental manipulation.
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Psychometrics, Test Theory, and the Latent Factors Model

Psychometrics, Test Theory, and the Latent Factors Model

Petr Blahus; Bruce L. Brown; C. Victor Bunderson; Joseph A. Olsen

Wiley-Blackwell
2025
sidottu
A combination of psychometric theory, history, philosophy and practice, with recent advances in analytical methods, metrology, and design. Psychometrics, Test Theory, and the Latent Factors Models began as a strong manuscript by Petr Blahuš. Before his death he entrusted it to three co-authors who completed the book with in-chapter explanations. accessible mathematical appendices and computational guides. It was also expanded to include important advances since 2010 in psychometric methods, metrology, and the science of domain-specific design. Comprehensive in scope, the text contains computatational guides for the use of Stata, M-plus, and SPSS in Classical Test Theory, Item-Response Theory, and Factor Analysis. The authors highlight the practicality of software integration in order to successfully produce psychometrically sound research. Written by an international and decades-spanning team of experienced psychometricians, the text sets the goal of a future psychometrics that could earn its place in international metrology. The book is filled with suggestions, tips, and practical guidance about best practices and efficient strategies for modeling and model selection. In addition, the book includes important cautions and warnings about misuse and misinterpretations of common, but limited, analytical techniques. The book is historically informed, philosophically grounded, mathematically justified, and methodologically current. This important text: Applies intuitive reasoning and common examples to aid in the understanding of advanced technical concepts.Includes the conceptual, statistical, and philosophical background of psychometrics.Features recent advances advances and opposing views in psychometric theory.Contains concrete examples from current research, including cognitive tests and MRI data.Opens he vista for a future of testing with greatly increased use of well-constructed, learner-centered performance scales using computer-adaptive testing with feedback over multiple attempts. Psychometrics, Test Theory, and the Latent Factors Model is intended for forward-looking students and teachers in the behavioral, educational, health, and social sciences.
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Multicriteria Decision-Making Under Conditions of Uncertainty

Multicriteria Decision-Making Under Conditions of Uncertainty

Petr Ekel; Witold Pedrycz; Joel Pereira

Wiley-Blackwell
2020
sidottu
A guide to the various models and methods to multicriteria decision-making in conditions of uncertainty presented in a systematic approach Multicriteria Decision-Making under Conditions of Uncertainty presents approaches that help to answer the fundamental questions at the center of all decision-making problems: "What to do?" and "How to do it?" The book explores methods of representing and handling diverse manifestations of the uncertainty factor and a multicriteria nature of problems that can arise in system design, planning, operation, and control. The authors—noted experts on the topic—and their book covers essential questions, including notions and fundamental concepts of fuzzy sets, models and methods of multiobjective as well as multiattribute decision-making, the classical approach to dealing with uncertainty of information and its generalization for analyzing multicriteria problems in condition of uncertainty, and more. This comprehensive book contains information on "harmonious solutions" in multiobjective problem-solving (analyzing X, F> models), construction and analysis of X, R> models, results aimed at generating robust solutions in analyzing multicriteria problems under uncertainty, and more. In addition, the book includes illustrative examples of various applications, including real-world case studies related to the authors’ various industrial projects. This important resource: Explains the design and processing aspect of fuzzy sets, including construction of membership functions, fuzzy numbers, fuzzy relations, aggregation operations, and fuzzy sets transformationsDescribes models of multiobjective decision-making (X. M> models), their analysis on the basis of using the Bellman-Zadeh approach to decision-making in a fuzzy environment, and their diverse applications, including multicriteria allocation of resourcesInvestigates models of multiattribute decision-making (X, R> models) and their analysis on the basis of the construction and processing of fuzzy preference relations as well as demonstrating their applications to solve diverse classes of multiattribute problemsExplores notions of payoff matrices and fuzzy-set-based generalization and modification of the classic approach to decision-making under conditions of uncertainty to generate robust solutions in analyzing multicriteria problems Written for students, researchers and practitioners in disciplines in which decision-making is of paramount relevance, Multicriteria Decision-Making under Conditions of Uncertainty presents a systematic and current approach that encompasses a range of models and methods as well as new applications.
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Parliaments in the Czech and Slovak Republics

Parliaments in the Czech and Slovak Republics

Petr Kopecký

Routledge
2017
sidottu
This title was first published in 2001. Based on a unique set of structured interviews with parliamentarians and additional interviews with party leaders and activists, this significant volume provides an illuminating account of the formation of the new democracies in Czechoslovakia and later, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Examining efforts to construct stable democratic parliamentary regimes in the wake of communist breakdown, it provides a rigorous analysis of parliaments’ relations with the electorate and the executive, as well as their internal working. Richly detailed and clearly written, this original study is an invaluable addition to the collection of anyone interested in post-communist Europe or parliamentary studies.
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Parliaments in the Czech and Slovak Republics

Parliaments in the Czech and Slovak Republics

Petr Kopecký

Routledge
2019
nidottu
This title was first published in 2001. Based on a unique set of structured interviews with parliamentarians and additional interviews with party leaders and activists, this significant volume provides an illuminating account of the formation of the new democracies in Czechoslovakia and later, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Examining efforts to construct stable democratic parliamentary regimes in the wake of communist breakdown, it provides a rigorous analysis of parliaments’ relations with the electorate and the executive, as well as their internal working. Richly detailed and clearly written, this original study is an invaluable addition to the collection of anyone interested in post-communist Europe or parliamentary studies.
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A Sketch of the Internal Condition of the United States of America, and of Their Political Relations with Europe. by a Russian. [P. I. Poletika]. Translated from the French, by an American, with Notes.

A Sketch of the Internal Condition of the United States of America, and of Their Political Relations with Europe. by a Russian. [P. I. Poletika]. Translated from the French, by an American, with Notes.

Petr Ivanovich Poletika; Pavel Petrovich Svin'in

British Library, Historical Print Editions
2011
pokkari
Title: A Sketch of the Internal Condition of the United States of America, and of their political relations with Europe. By a Russian. P. I. Poletika]. Translated from the French, by an American, with notes.Publisher: British Library, Historical Print EditionsThe British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. It is one of the world's largest research libraries holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats: books, journals, newspapers, sound recordings, patents, maps, stamps, prints and much more. Its collections include around 14 million books, along with substantial additional collections of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC.The HISTORY OF COLONIAL NORTH AMERICA collection includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. This collection refers to the European settlements in North America through independence, with emphasis on the history of the thirteen colonies of Britain. Attention is paid to the histories of Jamestown and the early colonial interactions with Native Americans. The contextual framework of this collection highlights 16th century English, Scottish, French, Spanish, and Dutch expansion. ++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++ British Library Poletika, Petr Ivanovich; Svin'in, Pavel Petrovich; 1826. 163 p.; 8 . 798.g.15.
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