Kirjahaku

A bold, transnational interpretation of Ritwik Ghatak’s cinema that invites readers to encounter his films as meditations on history, migration, and collective survival. The cinema of Ritwik Ghatak (1925–76) continues to resonate across borders and generations. His films—largely shaped by the 1947 Partition of Bengal and the experience of displacement—probe the fractured human condition through bold formal experimentation, unforgettable soundscapes, and a profound sense of myth and memory. Though his body of work was modest in size, Ghatak’s influence has steadily expanded, securing his place as a major figure in world cinema. This distinctive volume, which marks the centenary of this visionary filmmaker, gathers essays by important scholars and thinkers from around the world. Moving beyond conventional film criticism and area studies, the collection stages new, transnational encounters with Ghatak’s films—approaching them as world texts, as sonic and visual experiments, and as meditations on migration, collectivity, and social existence.

The Bengali filmmaker, Ritwik Kumar Ghatak (1925-1976), wrote, produced, directed and/or acted in plays, feature films and documentaries in Bengal during the socially and politically tumultuous period from the late 1940s through the mid-1970s. Why Ghatak? Within the contexts of Bengali, Indian and world cinema, Ghatak is considered an innovative, revolutionary master of the cinematic medium who possessed a singular cinematic sensibility. He composed numerous essays on film and filmmaking in English and Bengali. Dozens of interviews have been recorded that present an artist who was contemplative, outspoken, at times misunderstood, at turns obstinate and contradictory. From his first film, Nagarik (“The Citizen,” 1953) through his final film, Jukti Takko ar Gappo (“An Argument, a Debate, and a Story,” 1974), Ghatak constructed detailed visual and aural filmic commentaries about modern Bengali culture and society. Twice during his lifetime Bengal was physically rent apart – in 1947 with the Partition of India engendered by the departure of the British and in 1971 by the Bangladeshi War of Independence. In Ghatak’s films, the ambivalence and contradictions of Bengali society in post-1947, post-Partition, post-Independence India are pointedly portrayed. Against this frequently adverse milieu, Bengal’s modern cultural memory, identity, and history are interrogated and continually reassessed in his cinema.

In a significant departure from other works on Ritwik Ghatak, this book establishes him as an auteur and a maestro on par with some of the great film directors, like Sergei Eisenstein, Satyajit Ray, Ingmar Bergman, Federico Fellini, Kenji Mizoguchi and Luis Bunuel. Based on in-depth research that follows Ghatak’s journey within the context of the Indian People’s Theatre Association, it fills an important gap in the scholarship around Ghatak by offering crucial insights into Ghatak’s unique vision of cinema embedded as it is in the cultural psychic configurations of the people. It analyses Ghatak’s practice by minutely tracing formal similarities across the language of his cinematic oeuvre in the domain of cinematography, lighting, music, and sound. The book develops the way in which cinematic technique enters the domain of conceptual constructs and abstractions. It moves on to chronicle Ghatak’s political odyssey as reflected in his cinema. Moreover, it charts the manner in whichGhatak, through his cinematic idiom, offers a polemic of cinema that further adds to his notion of praxis – a thoughtful Marxist paradigm organically associated with the culture and context of India. By locating Ghatak within the discourse of nationalism, the book brings to the surface Ghatak’s critical insights related to the independence of the nation and the trauma of the partition of Bengal. Ghatak’s cinema served the crucial function of chronicling the mass tragedy of partition and its impact on the human psyche.This book appeals to scholars of film studies and filmmaking as well as to researchers and general readers interested in debates pertaining to culture, politics, art, psychoanalysis, partition and refugee studies, cinema, theatre, and ideology.

In a significant departure from other works on Ritwik Ghatak, this book establishes him as an auteur and a maestro on par with some of the great film directors, like Sergei Eisenstein, Satyajit Ray, Ingmar Bergman, Federico Fellini, Kenji Mizoguchi and Luis Bunuel. Based on in-depth research that follows Ghatak’s journey within the context of the Indian People’s Theatre Association, it fills an important gap in the scholarship around Ghatak by offering crucial insights into Ghatak’s unique vision of cinema embedded as it is in the cultural psychic configurations of the people. It analyses Ghatak’s practice by minutely tracing formal similarities across the language of his cinematic oeuvre in the domain of cinematography, lighting, music, and sound. The book develops the way in which cinematic technique enters the domain of conceptual constructs and abstractions. It moves on to chronicle Ghatak’s political odyssey as reflected in his cinema. Moreover, it charts the manner in whichGhatak, through his cinematic idiom, offers a polemic of cinema that further adds to his notion of praxis – a thoughtful Marxist paradigm organically associated with the culture and context of India. By locating Ghatak within the discourse of nationalism, the book brings to the surface Ghatak’s critical insights related to the independence of the nation and the trauma of the partition of Bengal. Ghatak’s cinema served the crucial function of chronicling the mass tragedy of partition and its impact on the human psyche.This book appeals to scholars of film studies and filmmaking as well as to researchers and general readers interested in debates pertaining to culture, politics, art, psychoanalysis, partition and refugee studies, cinema, theatre, and ideology.