Stem cells are the raw materials of the body. Cells from which all other cells with special functions are produced. These cells have many applications in the treatment of many diseases. Due to the unique ability of stem cells, these cells are one of the most attractive topics in biology and medical sciences today. Also, research in this field has increased our knowledge about how an organ grows and develops from a single cell, and more importantly, it has helped to understand the mechanism of replacement of healthy cells with damaged cells. In the following, we want to examine the effect of stem cells on a number of diseases. These cells divide under suitable conditions in the body or in the laboratory and form more cells called daughter cells. Daughter cells either become new stem cells (self-renewal) or become specialized cells (differentiation) with a more specialized function, such as blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells, or bone cells. No other cell in the body has the natural ability to produce new cells. Of course, these cells are not only used to make replacement nerve cells for transplantation.
