Entre Hamid et Khlila, il y a des mots fragiles et des silences tenaces. Leur histoire n'avance pas en ligne droite: elle se construit dans les d tours, les h sitations, les gestes inachev s. Ce qu'ils partagent r v le que l'essentiel ne se dit pas toujours, mais se devine dans les respirations, dans les pauses qui donnent sens leur lien. Ainsi, leur parcours intime devient un miroir universel de ce qui relie les tres au-del des mots.
This book deals with a combination of two main problems for the first time. They are saturation on control and on the rate (or increment) of the control, and the solution of unsymmetrical saturation on the control by LMIs. It treats linear systems in state space form, in both the continuous- and discrete-time domains. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for autonomous linear systems with constrained state increment or rate, such that the system evolves respecting incremental or rate constraints if any. A pole assignment technique is then used to solve the problem, giving stabilizing state feedback controllers that respect non-symmetrical constraints on control alone or on both control and its increment or rate. Illustrative examples show the application of these methods on academic examples or on such real plant models as the double integrator system. This problem is then extended to various others including:systems with constraints and perturbations;singular systems with constrained control;systems with unsymmetrical saturations; saturated systems with delay, and2-D systems with saturations. The solutions obtained are of two types:necessary and sufficient conditions solved with linear programming techniques; andsufficient conditions under LMIs. A new approach extends existing techniques for dealing with symmetrical saturations to take direct account of unsymmetrical saturations into account with LMIs. This tool enables the authors to obtain new results on continuous- and discrete-time systems. The book uses illustrative examples and figures and provides many comparisons with existing results. Systems theoreticians interested in multidimensional systems and practitioners working with saturated and constrained controllers will find the research and background presented in Saturated Control of Linear Systems to be ofconsiderable interest in helping them overcome problems with their plant and in stimulating further research.
This book deals with a combination of two main problems for the first time. They are saturation on control and on the rate (or increment) of the control, and the solution of unsymmetrical saturation on the control by LMIs. It treats linear systems in state space form, in both the continuous- and discrete-time domains. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for autonomous linear systems with constrained state increment or rate, such that the system evolves respecting incremental or rate constraints if any. A pole assignment technique is then used to solve the problem, giving stabilizing state feedback controllers that respect non-symmetrical constraints on control alone or on both control and its increment or rate. Illustrative examples show the application of these methods on academic examples or on such real plant models as the double integrator system. This problem is then extended to various others including:systems with constraints and perturbations;singular systems with constrained control;systems with unsymmetrical saturations; saturated systems with delay, and2-D systems with saturations. The solutions obtained are of two types:necessary and sufficient conditions solved with linear programming techniques; andsufficient conditions under LMIs. A new approach extends existing techniques for dealing with symmetrical saturations to take direct account of unsymmetrical saturations into account with LMIs. This tool enables the authors to obtain new results on continuous- and discrete-time systems. The book uses illustrative examples and figures and provides many comparisons with existing results. Systems theoreticians interested in multidimensional systems and practitioners working with saturated and constrained controllers will find the research and background presented in Saturated Control of Linear Systems to be ofconsiderable interest in helping them overcome problems with their plant and in stimulating further research.
An in-depth description of the state-of-the-art of 3D shape analysis techniques and their applications This book discusses the different topics that come under the title of "3D shape analysis". It covers the theoretical foundations and the major solutions that have been presented in the literature. It also establishes links between solutions proposed by different communities that studied 3D shape, such as mathematics and statistics, medical imaging, computer vision, and computer graphics. The first part of 3D Shape Analysis: Fundamentals, Theory, and Applications provides a review of the background concepts such as methods for the acquisition and representation of 3D geometries, and the fundamentals of geometry and topology. It specifically covers stereo matching, structured light, and intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties of shape. Parts 2 and 3 present a range of mathematical and algorithmic tools (which are used for e.g., global descriptors, keypoint detectors, local feature descriptors, and algorithms) that are commonly used for the detection, registration, recognition, classification, and retrieval of 3D objects. Both also place strong emphasis on recent techniques motivated by the spread of commodity devices for 3D acquisition. Part 4 demonstrates the use of these techniques in a selection of 3D shape analysis applications. It covers 3D face recognition, object recognition in 3D scenes, and 3D shape retrieval. It also discusses examples of semantic applications and cross domain 3D retrieval, i.e. how to retrieve 3D models using various types of modalities, e.g. sketches and/or images. The book concludes with a summary of the main ideas and discussions of the future trends. 3D Shape Analysis: Fundamentals, Theory, and Applications is an excellent reference for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in different fields of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. It is also ideal for courses in computer vision and computer graphics, as well as for those seeking 3D industrial/commercial solutions.
Computer vision has become increasingly important and effective in recent years due to its wide-ranging applications in areas as diverse as smart surveillance and monitoring, health and medicine, sports and recreation, robotics, drones, and self-driving cars. Visual recognition tasks, such as image classification, localization, and detection, are the core building blocks of many of these applications, and recent developments in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have led to outstanding performance in these state-of-the-art visual recognition tasks and systems. As a result, CNNs now form the crux of deep learning algorithms in computer vision. This self-contained guide will benefit those who seek to both understand the theory behind CNNs and to gain hands-on experience on the application of CNNs in computer vision. It provides a comprehensive introduction to CNNs starting with the essential concepts behind neural networks: training, regularization, and optimization of CNNs.The book also discusses a wide range of loss functions, network layers, and popular CNN architectures, reviews the different techniques for the evaluation of CNNs, and presents some popular CNN tools and libraries that are commonly used in computer vision. Further, this text describes and discusses case studies that are related to the application of CNN in computer vision, including image classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, scene understanding, and image generation. This book is ideal for undergraduate and graduate students, as no prior background knowledge in the field is required to follow the material, as well as new researchers, developers, engineers, and practitioners who are interested in gaining a quick understanding of CNN models.
This book offers an introduction to modern natural language processing using machine learning, focusing on how neural networks create a machine interpretable representation of the meaning of natural language. Language is crucially linked to ideas – as Webster’s 1923 “English Composition and Literature” puts it: “A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought”. Thus the representation of sentences and the words that make them up is vital in advancing artificial intelligence and other “smart” systems currently being developed. Providing an overview of the research in the area, from Bengio et al.’s seminal work on a “Neural Probabilistic Language Model” in 2003, to the latest techniques, this book enables readers to gain an understanding of how the techniques are related and what is best for their purposes. As well as a introduction to neural networks in general and recurrent neural networks in particular, this book details the methods used for representing words, senses of words, and larger structures such as sentences or documents. The book highlights practical implementations and discusses many aspects that are often overlooked or misunderstood. The book includes thorough instruction on challenging areas such as hierarchical softmax and negative sampling, to ensure the reader fully and easily understands the details of how the algorithms function. Combining practical aspects with a more traditional review of the literature, it is directly applicable to a broad readership. It is an invaluable introduction for early graduate students working in natural language processing; a trustworthy guide for industry developers wishing to make use of recent innovations; and a sturdy bridge for researchers already familiar with linguistics or machine learning wishing to understand the other.
This book offers an introduction to modern natural language processing using machine learning, focusing on how neural networks create a machine interpretable representation of the meaning of natural language. Language is crucially linked to ideas – as Webster’s 1923 “English Composition and Literature” puts it: “A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought”. Thus the representation of sentences and the words that make them up is vital in advancing artificial intelligence and other “smart” systems currently being developed. Providing an overview of the research in the area, from Bengio et al.’s seminal work on a “Neural Probabilistic Language Model” in 2003, to the latest techniques, this book enables readers to gain an understanding of how the techniques are related and what is best for their purposes. As well as a introduction to neural networks in general and recurrent neural networks in particular, this book details the methods used for representing words, senses of words, and larger structures such as sentences or documents. The book highlights practical implementations and discusses many aspects that are often overlooked or misunderstood. The book includes thorough instruction on challenging areas such as hierarchical softmax and negative sampling, to ensure the reader fully and easily understands the details of how the algorithms function. Combining practical aspects with a more traditional review of the literature, it is directly applicable to a broad readership. It is an invaluable introduction for early graduate students working in natural language processing; a trustworthy guide for industry developers wishing to make use of recent innovations; and a sturdy bridge for researchers already familiar with linguistics or machine learning wishing to understand the other.
Gli utenti di oggi richiedono sistemi embedded ad alte prestazioni in grado di fornire elevati livelli di potenza di calcolo. Lo sviluppo di sistemi embedded pone un problema di progettazione perch questi sistemi devono trovare un compromesso tra le loro capacit (potenza di calcolo, dinamismo) e i vincoli dei sistemi embedded (area del silicio, consumo di energia). La soluzione al problema della potenza di calcolo il passaggio ai sistemi multiprocessore (MPSoC). Inoltre, sono state sviluppate le reti su chip (NOC) per far fronte alle limitazioni di intercomunicazione come bus, bus gerarchici e bus punto-punto. L'infrastruttura di interconnessione basata su Network-on-Chip (NoC) sta diventando l'approccio preferito per facilitare la comunicazione tra gli elementi di elaborazione (PE) nei MPSoC. pi efficiente integrare diversi piccoli processori specializzati o non specializzati interconnessi da una rete su chip (NoC) che sia pi efficiente dal punto di vista energetico e del silicio piuttosto che aumentare le prestazioni di un singolo processore. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro fornire una panoramica sull'esplorazione architettonica dei NoC.
O desenvolvimento de sistemas incorporados coloca um problema de conce o porque estes sistemas t m de encontrar um compromisso entre as suas capacidades (pot ncia de computa o, dinamismo) e as limita es dos sistemas incorporados ( rea de sil cio, consumo de energia). A solu o para o problema da pot ncia de computa o consiste em passar para os sistemas multiprocessadores (MPSoC). Al m disso, foram desenvolvidas redes numa pastilha (NOC) para fazer face s limita es de intercomunica o, como barramentos, barramentos hier rquicos e barramentos ponto-a-ponto. A infraestrutura de interliga o baseada em redes num chip (NoC) est a tornar-se uma abordagem preferida para facilitar a comunica o entre elementos de processamento (PE) em MPSoC. mais eficiente integrar v rios pequenos processadores especializados ou n o especializados interligados por uma rede no chip (NoC), que mais eficiente em termos de energia e sil cio, do que aumentar o desempenho de um nico processador. O objetivo deste trabalho apresentar uma panor mica da explora o arquitet nica das NoC.
Quiconque lit dans la biographie du bien-aim Mohammed devient un amoureux du Messager de Dieu, agr g dans la doctrine de sa Sunna et de sa biographie, attach ses qualit s et ses vertus, fascin par ses attributs, plant aux portes de sa grandeur, bloui par les transformations qu'il a accomplies dans le chemin de la religion et de la vie humaine, jaloux de sa religion et combattant dans sa pr dication. Par la lumi re de Dieu, la biographie de l'Imam et le guide des musulmans continuera d' tre un ressort renouvel et un livre ouvert dans lequel l'esprit cr atif d couvre ce que les anc tres n'ont pas d couvert.La naissance du Proph te de l'islam, comme celle de sa proph tie, n' tait pas uniquement la naissance d'un proph te, ni le commencement d'une nouvelle nation, ni encore le d but d'une re nouvelle. C' tait la gen se d'un monde nouveau qui devait durer jusqu' la fin des temps, lorsque toutes choses retourneront leur Seigneur et Ma tre. L'influence de la proph tie de Mohammed est visible dans tout ce que le monde contient aujourd'hui de croyances et de modes de pens es, de cultures et de civilisations, de morales et de modes de vies, de connaissances et de sciences.
Quiconque lit dans la biographie du bien-aim Mohammed devient un amoureux du Messager de Dieu, agr g dans la doctrine de sa Sunna et de sa biographie, attach ses qualit s et ses vertus, fascin par ses attributs, plant aux portes de sa grandeur, bloui par les transformations qu'il a accomplies dans le chemin de la religion et de la vie humaine, jaloux de sa religion et combattant dans sa pr dication. Par la lumi re de Dieu, la biographie de l'Imam et le guide des musulmans continuera d' tre un ressort renouvel et un livre ouvert dans lequel l'esprit cr atif d couvre ce que les anc tres n'ont pas d couvert.La naissance du Proph te de l'islam, comme celle de sa proph tie, n' tait pas uniquement la naissance d'un proph te, ni le commencement d'une nouvelle nation, ni encore le d but d'une re nouvelle. C' tait la gen se d'un monde nouveau qui devait durer jusqu' la fin des temps, lorsque toutes choses retourneront leur Seigneur et Ma tre. L'influence de la proph tie de Mohammed est visible dans tout ce que le monde contient aujourd'hui de croyances et de modes de pens es, de cultures et de civilisations, de morales et de modes de vies, de connaissances et de sciences.
This book provides a significant history of Italy's brutal occupation of Libya. Using the lens of the life of the iconic resistance fighter Mohamed Fekini, it tells the story of Libya under Ottoman and Italian rule from the point of view of the colonized.
'Makiya was Baghdad and Baghdad was Makiya.' These words sum up the life of one of the Middle East's most famous architects. Mohamed Makiya's career spanned seven decades and included projects in more than ten countries. He was a master of incorporating traditional and classical styles into modern architecture. For Makiya, the continuity of tradition as a 'living dimension' was the justification for his work. Makiya was revered as a teacher of architecture in Iraq, where he set up the first Department of Architecture at Baghdad University in 1959. Makiya was also a promoter of Iraqi art, which he displayed at his Kufa Gallery in London that was set up to build a bridge between the East and the West. This compelling biography reveals the life of a visionary who achieved remarkable feats in Iraq and whose philosophy and humanity crossed all borders and cultures.
