Foreword by Aleksandr SolzhenitsynThe influence of liberalism in tsarist Russia is deeply problematic to most historians. In this highly original study, Victor Leontovitsch offers a reinterpretation of liberalism in a uniquely Russian form. He documents the struggles to develop civil society and individual liberties in imperial Russia up until their ultimate demise in the face of war, revolution, and the collapse of the old regime.From Catherine the Great's proposal of freedom for serfs born after a predetermined year, through the creation of zemstvos by Alexander II, and the emergence of the State Duma and a quasi-constitutional monarchy under Nicholas II, Leontovitsch chronicles the ebb and flow of liberal thought and action in the difficult circumstances of tsarist Russia. He cites numerous examples of debates over civil rights, property laws, emancipation, local jurisdiction, political rights, and constitutional proposals. Focusing on liberal reforms and reformers within the governing elite, Leontovitsch draws important distinctions between factions of radical (but fundamentally illiberal) progressives and true (but often concealed) liberalism.This is the first English-language translation of Leontovitsch's monumental work, which was originally published to critical acclaim in German in 1957. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn sponsored a Russian edition in 1980, and his introduction is translated for the foreword of this edition. With a wide readership in today's Russia, The History of Liberalism in Russia continues to resonate as a penetrating analysis of the historical precedents of liberal thought and its potential as a counterweight to current autocratic tendencies and the uncertainties of Russia's political future.
Synopsis - AbstractThis book contains five independent stories that have something in common; themes and situations that are part of the art of writing fiction. Each story is situated in a different place, which can be the City of S o Paulo, Southern Portugal, the South of Spain, the Amazon Forest, or the small French town of Sucy-en-Brie on the outskirts of Paris.These narratives convey the reader to various periods in history: the 20th Century, the Renaissance, the Middle Ages, and the time when the first Portuguese colonizers arrived in Brazil and made contact with indigenous peoples.Although these five stories are based on the Author's expediencies, while residing at the places in question, they are always immersed in the subtle and surreal dimensions of the literary world, recreated in an unusual way, throughout each chapter in the book. This book received very favorable comments from literary critics, in the major S o Paulo and Rio de Janeiro newspapers.
Are the robots able to replace humans? Which are your choices for our future? Through a wide range of spectrums are deriving complete answers for the most exacting questions of our times, enhanced from the true desires of our existence; to make life to happen.
Projet de tenue pour l'artillerie, par le Lt-colonel d'Esclaibes d'Hust, ...Date de l'edition originale: 1882Ce livre est la reproduction fidele d'une oeuvre publiee avant 1920 et fait partie d'une collection de livres reimprimes a la demande editee par Hachette Livre, dans le cadre d'un partenariat avec la Bibliotheque nationale de France, offrant l'opportunite d'acceder a des ouvrages anciens et souvent rares issus des fonds patrimoniaux de la BnF.Les oeuvres faisant partie de cette collection ont ete numerisees par la BnF et sont presentes sur Gallica, sa bibliotheque numerique.En entreprenant de redonner vie a ces ouvrages au travers d'une collection de livres reimprimes a la demande, nous leur donnons la possibilite de rencontrer un public elargi et participons a la transmission de connaissances et de savoirs parfois difficilement accessibles.Nous avons cherche a concilier la reproduction fidele d'un livre ancien a partir de sa version numerisee avec le souci d'un confort de lecture optimal. Nous esperons que les ouvrages de cette nouvelle collection vous apporteront entiere satisfaction.Pour plus d'informations, rendez-vous sur www.hachettebnf.fr
La predicci n de Ventas se basa en predecir eventos futuros, lo cual nos permite tomar decisiones acerca de cu ntos productos vamos a producir, cuanto necesitamos de insumos, cuanto personal vamos a requerir, cuanto vamos a invertir, etc. Por esta raz n la predicci n de ventas resulta de vital importancia para tomar decisiones y mantener una gesti n eficiente del negocio. Las t cnicas o m todos de predicci n de ventas han tenido importantes avances, lo cual les permite predecir con mayor precisi n las condiciones y tendencias del mercado, pero a pesar de ello la mayor a de las PYMES en el Per no utilizan m todos de predicci n de ventas, esto debido a que desconocen c mo aplicar una metodolog a adecuada en su negocio. En el presente trabajo se propone un Framework utilizando un componente de Pre-Procesamiento y MARS para obtener una predicci n de ventas de forma precisa y confiable reduciendo el tiempo y costos.
Vospominanija grafa Lui-Viktora-Leona de Rosheshuara (v Rossii - Leontij Petrovich Rosheshuar), frantsuza, nakhodivshegosja na russkoj sluzhbe v techenie desjati let, uchastnika Russko-turetskoj vojny 1806-1812 gg., Otechestvennoj vojny 1812 g. i Zagranichnykh pokhodov russkoj armii - interesnejshij literaturnyj i dokumentalnyj pamjatnik pervoj chetverti XIX v. Buduchi plemjannikom legendarnogo gubernatora Odessy gertsoga Rishele, Rosheshuar ostavil v svoikh memuarakh jarkie zarisovki etogo goroda. Osobyj interes predstavljajut ego vospominanija ob imperatore Aleksandre I, adjutantom kotorogo sostojal Rosheshuar.
This book is about why and how central and local governments clash over important national policy decisions. Its empirical focus is on the local politics of Japan which has significantly shaped, and been shaped by, larger developments in national politics. The book argues that since the 1990s, changes in the national political arena, fiscal and administrative decentralization, as well as broader socio-economic developments have led to a decoupling of once closely integrated national and local party systems in Japan. Such decoupling has led to a breakdown of symbiotic relations between the centre and regions. In its place are increasing strains between national and local governments leading to greater intra-party conflict, inter-governmental conflicts, and more chief executives with agendas and resources increasingly autonomous of the national ruling party.Although being a book primarily focused on the Japanese case, the study seeks to contribute to a broader understanding of how local partisans shape national policy-making. The book theorizes and investigates how the degree of state centralization, vertical integration for party organizations, and partisan congruence in different levels of government affect inter-governmental relations.Japan’s experience is compared with Germany, Canada, and the UK to explore sources of multi-level policy conflict.
This book is about why and how central and local governments clash over important national policy decisions. Its empirical focus is on the local politics of Japan which has significantly shaped, and been shaped by, larger developments in national politics. The book argues that since the 1990s, changes in the national political arena, fiscal and administrative decentralization, as well as broader socio-economic developments have led to a decoupling of once closely integrated national and local party systems in Japan. Such decoupling has led to a breakdown of symbiotic relations between the centre and regions. In its place are increasing strains between national and local governments leading to greater intra-party conflict, inter-governmental conflicts, and more chief executives with agendas and resources increasingly autonomous of the national ruling party.Although being a book primarily focused on the Japanese case, the study seeks to contribute to a broader understanding of how local partisans shape national policy-making. The book theorizes and investigates how the degree of state centralization, vertical integration for party organizations, and partisan congruence in different levels of government affect inter-governmental relations.Japan’s experience is compared with Germany, Canada, and the UK to explore sources of multi-level policy conflict.Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
The fifth installment in the "Russian Voice of the Napoleonic Wars" series is the memoirs of Louis-Victor-Leon de Rochechouart, the scion of an eminent French noble family who fled his native land during the French Revolution and served in the Russian army during the Napoleonic Wars.
