Ali Akbar

J2EE; Short for Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition. J2EE is a platform-independent, Java-centric environment from Sun for developing, building and deploying Web-based enterprise applications online. The J2EE platform consists of a set of services, APIs, and protocols that provide the functionality for developing multitiered, Web-based applications. Some of the key features and services of J2EE: At the client tier, J2EE supports pure HTML, as well as Java applets or applications. It relies on Java Server Pages and servlet code to create HTML or other formatted data for the client. Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) provide another layer where the platform's logic is stored. An EJB server provides functions such as threading, concurrency, security and memory management. These services are transparent to the author. Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), which is the Java equivalent to ODBC, is the standard interface for Java databases. The Java servlet API enhances consistency for developers without requiring a graphical user interface.

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Iran’s Soft Power: Influence Across the Globe provides a timely and comprehensive analysis of how the Islamic Republic has projected its influence through cultural, ideological, and humanitarian means across key regions of the Global South. Focusing on the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa, this book offers an in-depth examination of Iran’s soft power strategies, including the promotion of religious and political ideology, educational and humanitarian outreach, and the use of cultural diplomacy. Drawing on recent examples, it explores how Iranian institutions - such as cultural centres, media outlets, and religious networks - have worked to extend Tehran’s global presence beyond traditional military or economic power. The book also addresses the structural limits and geopolitical challenges that constrain Iran’s soft power, offering a nuanced assessment of its reach across different socio-political contexts. This volume will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations, Middle East studies, and global politics, as well as policymakers and analysts seeking to understand Iran’s evolving role in international affairs through the lens of soft power.

Iran’s Soft Power: Influence Across the Globe provides a timely and comprehensive analysis of how the Islamic Republic has projected its influence through cultural, ideological, and humanitarian means across key regions of the Global South. Focusing on the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa, this book offers an in-depth examination of Iran’s soft power strategies, including the promotion of religious and political ideology, educational and humanitarian outreach, and the use of cultural diplomacy. Drawing on recent examples, it explores how Iranian institutions - such as cultural centres, media outlets, and religious networks - have worked to extend Tehran’s global presence beyond traditional military or economic power. The book also addresses the structural limits and geopolitical challenges that constrain Iran’s soft power, offering a nuanced assessment of its reach across different socio-political contexts. This volume will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations, Middle East studies, and global politics, as well as policymakers and analysts seeking to understand Iran’s evolving role in international affairs through the lens of soft power.

Based on Persian and Arabic primary sources such as seminal jurisprudential works, fatwas, articles and interviews, this book explores how contemporary Shiism has broken away from traditional religious discourses. Ali Akbar examines how prominent scholars from Iran, Iraq and Lebanon who operate from within Shia tradition have paved the way for new interpretations of Islam in general and of Shiism in particular.The book investigates the extent to which reformist Shia scholarship has shifted towards post-Islamist discourses in response to four key areas encompassing theological, social and political issues: relationships between Muslims and people of other faiths, with an emphasis on the concept of ritual purity; freedom of religion; women's rights; and state-religion relationship and democratic norms. Akbar offers an up-to-date and interdisciplinary examination of contemporary Shia scholars' use of tools and strategies to instigate reform.

This book explores Iran's soft power in two of its eastern neighbours namely Afghanistan and Pakistan in key areas including the cultural, religious, social, media, ideological and educational spheres. It explains what resources and instruments Iran has used to project its soft power in the two selected countries since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, and how Iran's attempt to increase its reach has been perceived by elites and opinion makers in Afghanistan and Pakistan. It therefore offers the most up-to-date examination of Iranian soft power tools and strategies and how they are received in both countries topics which have not hitherto been fully explored. The book reflects the ideas of local Afghan and Pakistani participants from civil society, government, military, media, academia, think tanks and policymaking, explaining the extent to which research participants perceived Iranian soft power in a positive or negative manner.

Studies Iran's soft power in Afghanistan and Pakistan in cultural, religious, social, ideological and educational spheres Based on primary sources including Persian sources and materials collected through semi-structured interviews with research participants Discusses case studies about Iran's historical resources and instruments which it uses to increase its soft power reach, the reasons why Iran seeks to exercise soft power in both countries, and the outcomes Iran has been able to achieve through its soft power From a theoretical perspective, it engages with Iran's soft power in light of the political theories of soft power Brings together materials from a range of disciplinary areas - history, politics, Islamic studies This book explores Iran's soft power in two of its eastern neighbours - namely Afghanistan and Pakistan - in key areas including the cultural, religious, social, media, ideological and educational spheres. It explains what resources and instruments Iran has used to project its soft power in the two selected countries since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, and how Iran's attempt to increase its reach has been perceived by elites and opinion makers in Afghanistan and Pakistan. It therefore offers the most up-to-date examination of Iranian soft power tools and strategies and how they are received in both countries - topics which have not hitherto been fully explored. The book reflects the ideas of local Afghan and Pakistani participants from civil society, government, military, media, academia, think tanks and policymaking, explaining the extent to which research participants perceived Iranian soft power in a positive or negative manners

A number of innovative hermeneutical approaches emerged in Muslim exegetical discourse in the second half of the 20th century. Among these developments is a trend of systematic reform theology that emphasises a humanistic approach, whereby revelation is understood to be dependent not only upon its initiator, God, but also upon its recipient, Prophet Muhammad, who takes an active role in the process. Ali Akbar examines the works of four noted scholars of Islam: Fazlur Rahman (Pakistan), Abdolkarim Soroush (Iran), Muhammad Mujtahed Shabestari (Iran) and Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd (Egypt). His study shows that the consequences of taking a humanistic approach to understanding revelation are not confined to the realm of speculation about God human relations, but also to interpreting Qur'?nic socio-political precepts. And the four scholars emerge as a distinctive group of Muslim thinkers who open up a new horizon in contemporary Islamic discourse.

This book sets out how contemporary Iranian scholars have approached the Qur?an during recent decades. It particularly aims to explore the contributions of scholars that have emerged in the post 1979-revolution era, outlining their primary interpretive methods and foundational theories regarding the reading of the Qur?an. Examining issues such as the status of women, democracy, freedom of religion and human rights, this book analyses the theoretical contributions of several Iranian scholars, some of which are new to the English-speaking academy. The hermeneutical approaches of figures such Abdolkarim Soroush, Muhammad Mojtahed Shabestari, Mohsen Kadivar, Hasan Yousefi-Eshkevari, Abolqasem Fanaie and Mostafa Malekian are presented and then analysed to demonstrate how a contextualist approach to the Qu’ran has been formed in response to the influence of Western Orientalism. The effect of this approach to the Qu’ran is then shown to have wide-ranging effects on Iranian society. This study reveals Qu’ranic thought that has been largely overlooked by the West. It will, therefore. Be of great use to academics in Religious, Islamic and Qur?anic studies as well as those studying the culture of Iran and the Middle East more generally.

Ali Akbar examines the works of four noted scholars of Islam: Fazlur Rahman (Pakistan), Abdolkarim Soroush (Iran), Muhammad Mujtahed Shabestari (Iran) and Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd (Egypt). His study shows that the consequences of taking a humanistic approach to understanding revelation are not confined to the realm of speculation about the relationship between God and humans, but also to interpreting Qur'nicsocio-political precepts. The four scholars emerge as a distinctive group of Muslim thinkers who open up a new horizon in contemporary Islamic discourse.

This book sets out how contemporary Iranian scholars have approached the Qur?an during recent decades. It particularly aims to explore the contributions of scholars that have emerged in the post 1979-revolution era, outlining their primary interpretive methods and foundational theories regarding the reading of the Qur?an. Examining issues such as the status of women, democracy, freedom of religion and human rights, this book analyses the theoretical contributions of several Iranian scholars, some of which are new to the English-speaking academy. The hermeneutical approaches of figures such Abdolkarim Soroush, Muhammad Mojtahed Shabestari, Mohsen Kadivar, Hasan Yousefi-Eshkevari, Abolqasem Fanaie and Mostafa Malekian are presented and then analysed to demonstrate how a contextualist approach to the Qu’ran has been formed in response to the influence of Western Orientalism. The effect of this approach to the Qu’ran is then shown to have wide-ranging effects on Iranian society. This study reveals Qu’ranic thought that has been largely overlooked by the West. It will, therefore. Be of great use to academics in Religious, Islamic and Qur?anic studies as well as those studying the culture of Iran and the Middle East more generally.

L'objectif de ce livre est de vous fournir une connaissance approfondie d'AutoCAD, que vous suiviez un cours dispens par un instructeur ou que vous appreniez seul. AutoCAD 2020 de Zero to Hero est un guide de r f rence id al, contrairement aux livres de didacticiel dans lesquels il est difficile de trouver des informations sp cifiques. Ce livre vous aide devenir un expert d'AutoCAD et a t enti rement mis jour pour couvrir toutes les nouvelles fonctionnalit s d'AutoCAD. Cette ressource indispensable enseigne les l ments essentiels d'AutoCAD l'aide d'explications concises, d'exemples cibl s, d'instructions pas pas et de projets pratiques.Pr sente les bases de l'interface et des outils de dessinD tails sur l'utilisation efficace des hachures, des champs et des tablesCouvre les attributs, les blocs dynamiques, les courbes et les contraintes g om triquesExplore la mod lisation 3D et l'imagerieDiscute de la personnalisation et de l'int grationCette r f rence d taill e et ce didacticiel constituent la ressource id ale pour ma triser AutoCAD.

The objective of this book is to provide you with extensive knowledge of AutoCAD, whether you are taking an instructor-led course or learning on your own. AutoCAD 2020 From Zero to Hero is an ideal reference guide, unlike tutorial-oriented books where specific information is hard to found. This book helps you become an AutoCAD expert and has been fully updated to cover all of the AutoCAD′s new capabilities. This indispensable resource teaches AutoCAD essentials using concise explanations, focused examples, step-by-step instructions, and hands-on projects. Introduces you to the basics of the interface and drafting tools Details how to effectively use hatches, fields, and tables Covers attributes, dynamic blocks, curves, and geometric constraints Explores 3D modeling and imaging Discusses customization and integration This detailed reference and tutorial is the perfect resource for becoming proficient with AutoCAD.

Learn all about how Excel helps us understand data in creative and unique ways. Microsoft Excel is the most important software in the MS Office package. Microsoft Excel is used for spreadsheet analysis and mandatory to help any of your school needs. This book is very, very different to any other computer book you have ever read. The Smart Method provides an entirely new and better way to learn Excel 2018. Here are just four of the many ways in which this book is unique: The book will equip you with excellent Excel 2018 skills, good enough to impress any teacher, but it doesn't confuse by attempting to teach skills that are not common in the school. With the help of this book, you learn about cells, worksheets, field names, formulas, IF functions and more. - Suitable for readers from kindergarten all the way through college (and even some adults) - Teaches you or your children one of the most desired skills sought out by employers of all kinds - Uses the unique and effective Code Babies teaching methodology to break down a seemingly cryptic and complex subject into understandable bit-size pieces for learners of all types

The objective of this book is to provide you with extensive knowledge of AutoCAD, whether you are taking an instructor-led course or learning on your own. AutoCAD 2019 From Zero to Hero is an ideal reference guide, unlike tutorial-oriented books where specific information is hard to found. This book helps you become an AutoCAD expert and has been fully updated to cover all of the AutoCAD′s new capabilities. This indispensable resource teaches AutoCAD essentials using concise explanations, focused examples, step-by-step instructions, and hands-on projects. Introduces you to the basics of the interface and drafting tools Details how to effectively use hatches, fields, and tables Covers attributes, dynamic blocks, curves, and geometric constraints Explores 3D modeling and imaging Discusses customization and integration This detailed reference and tutorial is the perfect resource for becoming proficient with AutoCAD.

Microsoft Excel y Access son dos de los programas m s importantes del paquete MS Office. Microsoft Excel se utiliza para el an lisis de hojas de c lculo y Access para algunas operaciones de datos de bases de datos relacionales. Este dos software es obligatorio para ayudar a cualquiera de sus necesidades de oficina. Este libro Two in One Excel and Access 2018 es muy, muy diferente a cualquier otro libro de computadora que haya le do. El M todo Inteligente proporciona una manera completamente nueva y mejor de aprender Excel 2018. He aqu s lo cuatro de las muchas maneras en que este libro es nico: El libro lo equipar con excelentes habilidades de Excel 2018, lo suficientemente buenas como para impresionar a cualquier empleador, pero no confunde al intentar ense ar habilidades que no son comunes en el lugar de trabajo. S lo los usuarios que tienen requisitos avanzados necesitan progresar al libro de Habilidades de Expertos. La instrucci n est estructurada l gicamente en sesiones y lecciones. Si bien esto hace que el libro sea ideal para la autoinstrucci n, tambi n puede utilizarlo para organizar sus propios cursos de formaci n de adultos, que son muy eficaces. Cada lecci n tiene un archivo de muestra que modela un problema de negocios del mundo real. Usted apreciar inmediatamente el valor y la relevancia de cada habilidad a medida que se ense a. Tanto a los profesionales de TI como a los principiantes les encantar este libro porque evita jerga t cnica innecesaria y explica todo lo que necesitas de una manera sencilla y sin tonter as.

Microsoft Excel and Access are the two most important software in the MS Office package. Microsoft Excel is used for spreadsheet analysis and Access is used for some relational database data operation. Both software is mandatory to help any of your office needs. This Two in One Excel and Access 2018 book is very, very different to any other computer book you have ever read. The Smart Method provides an entirely new and better way to learn Excel 2018. Here are just four of the many ways in which this book is unique: The book will equip you with excellent Excel 2018 skills, good enough to impress any employer, but it doesn't confuse by attempting to teach skills that are not common in the workplace. Only users who have advanced requirements need progress to the Expert Skills book.Instruction is logically structured into sessions and lessons. While this makes the book ideal for self-instruction, you can also use it to run your own, highly effective, adult training courses.Each lesson has a sample file that models a real-world business problem.You'll immediately appreciate the value and relevance of each skill as it is taught. Both IT professionals and absolute beginners will love this book because it avoids needless technical jargon and concisely explains everything you need in a simple and no-nonsense way.